...A Statistical Perspective on Data Mining Ranjan Maitra∗ Abstract Technological advances have led to new and automated data collection methods. Datasets once at a premium are often plentiful nowadays and sometimes indeed massive. A new breed of challenges are thus presented – primary among them is the need for methodology to analyze such masses of data with a view to understanding complex phenomena and relationships. Such capability is provided by data mining which combines core statistical techniques with those from machine intelligence. This article reviews the current state of the discipline from a statistician’s perspective, illustrates issues with real-life examples, discusses the connections with statistics, the differences, the failings and the challenges ahead. 1 Introduction The information age has been matched by an explosion of data. This surfeit has been a result of modern, improved and, in many cases, automated methods for both data collection and storage. For instance, many stores tag their items with a product-specific bar code, which is scanned in when the corresponding item is bought. This automatically creates a gigantic repository of information on products and product combinations sold. Similar databases are also created by automated book-keeping, digital communication tools or by remote sensing satellites, and aided by the availability of affordable and effective storage mechanisms – magnetic tapes, data warehouses and so on. This has created a situation...
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...College of Economics and Management 85 COLLEGE OF ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT Libornio S. Cabanilla, Dean Jose V. Camacho, Jr., Associate Dean Agnes T. Banzon, College Secretary Reynaldo L. Tan, Chair, Dept. of Agribusiness Management Cesar B. Quicoy, Chair, Dept. of Agricultural Economics Amelia L. Bello, Chair, Dept. of Economics The College of Economics and Management (CEM) was formally created in the 996th UP-BOR meeting, February 1987. However, the College traces its roots to the Institute of Agricultural Development and Administration (IADA)which was established in 1975, with three departments – Agricultural Economics (DAE), Economics (DE), and Management (DM), and was elevated to the College of Economics and Management from the merger of IADA with the Agricultural Credit and Cooperative Studies and the Agrarian Reform Institute in 1978. At present, CEM is composed of three departments – the Department of Agricultural Economics, the Department of Economics and the Department of Agribusiness Management. The college sees itself as a center of excellence in undergraduate and graduate instruction, research and extension in economics, agricultural and applied economics, and agribusiness management in Asia. It envisions to be an institution of higher learning that can serve as an active catalyst for economic and social transformation. Its two-fold mission is to produce graduates and future leaders with strong training in economics, agricultural and applied economics, and in agribusiness...
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...pictures that have numbers and stats, because my main audience for this paper is my friends or anyone who is taking Computer Science major and feel like it is really overwhelming and that he cannot do it and anyone who is taking that major and in the same does not take care of his health. Specially, that we have a hard major so we have to be seated for most of the time, which lead to a lot of problems, so I used pictures to appeal to their feelings and to show them by numbers, what will happen to them if they do not start taking care of themselves. Also in Computer Science major, we take a lot of math classes so we are used to seeing numbers all the time. I want to show them that I know what they are going through and that I am not someone who just want to get good grade on his paper for an english class and that is it. In my paper and my choose of visual for this project, I used ethos, logos and pathos. They are all used to make the audience understand the effect of exercising and understand that working out is no long just something you can do to be good looking, no it is something you must do to be healthy and prevent diseases....
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...TI-84 Plus TI-84 Plus Silver Edition Guidebook Important Information Texas Instruments makes no warranty, either express or implied, including but not limited to any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, regarding any programs or book materials and makes such materials available solely on an "as-is" basis. In no event shall Texas Instruments be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of these materials, and the sole and exclusive liability of Texas Instruments, regardless of the form of action, shall not exceed the purchase price of this product. Moreover, Texas Instruments shall not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever against the use of these materials by any other party. © 2005 Texas Instruments Incorporated Windows and Macintosh are trademarks of their respective owners. ii USA FCC Information Concerning Radio Frequency Interference This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference...
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...TermPaperWarehouse.com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research Documents The Research Paper Factory JoinSearchBrowseSaved Papers Home Page » Computers and Technology Computer Science Siwes Report on Time and Attendance Management (Jantek) In: Computers and Technology Computer Science Siwes Report on Time and Attendance Management (Jantek) KOGI STATE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF APPLIED SCIENCES, MATHS/STAT/COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT PMB 1101, LOKOJA, KOGI STATE A TECHNICAL REPORT ON STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES) AT THE TIME OFFICE, DANGOTE CEMENT PLC OBAJANA BY AIYEDE JOHN E. 2010/ND/CPS/370 IN PARTIAL Fulfillment of THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF NATIONAL DIPLOMA (ND) IN COMPUTER SCIENCE. FEBRUARY 2012. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 SIWES The Student Industrial Work-Experience Scheme (SIWES) is a planned and supervised training intervention based on stated and specific learning and career objectives, and geared towards developing the occupational competencies of the participants. It is a skill Training programme designed to expose and prepare students of Agriculture, Engineering, Technology, Environmental, Science, Medical Sciences and pure and applied science for the Industrial work situation which they likely to meet after graduation. Duration of SIWES is four (4) months in Polytechnics at the end of ND I, four (4) months in College of Education at the end of NCE II and six (6) months in the Universities...
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...Part A: Section 1: 1. Group A: mean= 26+38+19+51+58+19+61+34+68+21/10= 39.5 Group B: mean= 24+18+11+16+22+8+10+22+21+16/10= 16.8 Group C: mean= 39+44+42+34+37+38+41+31+33+44/10= 38.3 Group D: mean= 98+80+86+71+90+86+94+92+82+73/10= 85.2 2. Group A: mode= 19 since it is the only one to occur twice Group B: mode= 16 and 22 since they both occur twice Group C: mode= 44 since it is the only number to occur twice Group D: mode= 86 since it is the only number to occur twice 3. Group A: Median= The fifth and sixth numbers are 34 and 38 to find the median we take the middle of those numbers which is 36 Group B: Median= the fifth and sixth numbers are 16 and 18 to find the median we take the middle of those numbers which is 17 Group C: Median= the fifth and sixth numbers are 38 and 39 to find the median we take the middle of those numbers which is 38.5 Group D: Median= the fifth and sixth numbers are 86 and 86 to find the median we take the middle of those numbers which is 86. 4. Standard Deviation Group A: (26-39.5)^2= 182.25 (38-39.5)^2= 2.25 (19-39.5)^2= 420.25 (51-39.5)^2= 132.25 (58-39.5)^2= 342.25 (19-39.5) ^2= 420.25 (61-39.5)^2= 462.25 (34-39.5)^2= 30.25 (68-39.5)^2= 812.25 (21-39.5)^2= 342.25 Total= 3146.25 Standard deviation equals √3146.25/10-1= √349.61) = 18.70 Standard Deviation Group B: (24-16.8)^2= 51.84 (18-16.8)^2= 1.44 (11-16.8)^2= 33.64 (16-16.8)^2= 0.64 (22-16.8)^2= 27.04 (8-16.8) ^2= 77.44 (10-16.8)^2= 46.24 (22-16.8)^2=...
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...96 Paper 1 9:30-11:15 Dream of Athlete In the essay “Delusions of Grandeur,” Henry Louis Gates, Jr. talks about the issue of young blacks and their aspirations of being a professional athlete. He argues that there are actually not have many successful black professional athletes, but there are many successful black doctors and lawyers. (COORD)In his argument, he puts most of the blame on schools; stating with that they don’t do enough job in encouraging young black children to pursue other careers beside the sports. Although schools are one of the reasons why black youths are perusing careers as professional athletes, there are also other factors that Gates, Jr. neglected to mention in his essay. By only singling out the schools and some unilateral information, he was not able to give us a strong enough argument. By neglecting to give us different factors or reasons to how black youths are being encouraged to pursue a career in professional sports more than other careers, his argument is nothing more than a letter of frustration black youths. As Gates, Jr. used a lot of examples on how black youths aren’t passing in their school courses, those example are not enough to show that encouragement toward sports is the main reason why they are failing. For example, Gates, Jr. stated that “A recent survey of the Philadelphia school system, for example, he stated that ‘more than half of all students in the third, fifth and eighth grades cannot perform minimum math and...
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...Web site that contains online personal reflections, comments, and often hyperlinks provided by the writer’ (Blog) and a Wiki as ‘a Web site that allows visitors to make changes, contributions, or corrections’ (Wiki). The slow acceptance of virtual resources is mainly due to the lack of control of changes, contributions or corrections to these sites. A well known example of a Wiki is Wikipedia. According to Wikipedia, it began in January 2001, to allow collaboration on articles prior to entering the peer-review process (History Para 1). As of May 2014, Wikipedia is the world's sixth-most-popular website (Alexa Para 1) and is the largest general-knowledge encyclopedia online, with over 31.5 million articles, in 287 languages.(Stats Para 2.9) This paper will review the pros and cons of using Wikipedia as a valid resource for students and review resources available to Kaplan University students. The argument for using Wikipedia as a valid resource Wikipedia provides a good starting point to research a topic. It is a collaboration effort of many people contributing to the information instead of the writing of one person. Wikipedia builds a community of sharing knowledge since it is an open site accepting information from anyone. ‘It...
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...Languages/Ad .English | | BasicPsychologicalProcesses -II | British Literature | Software applicationFor print media & the web | TCE(Theatre Studies) | | | | Introduction toMusic & Dance –II | | | PEP | English | Languages/Add.English | | Basic PsychologicalProcess –II | British Literature | Dynamics of DanceMusic & Theatre | II Sem -B.Sc Programmes CME | English-- | 9:30 to 11:30 amLang/Ad .English | | Computer Science Data Structures & operating system | Electronics | Differential Calculus | | | 2:30 to 4:30 pmIntegral Calculus | | | | | EMSCMS | English | 9:30 to 11:30 amLang/Ad .English | Statistics ( 9:30 to 11:30 am)(Examination will be held in separate room for Stats; check the notice board) | Computer ScienceOperating Systems & Data Structures using C | Principles of MacroEconomics | Differential Calculus | | | 2:30 to 4:30 pmIntegral Calculus | | | | | PMEPCM | English | 9:30 to 11:30 amLang/Ad .English | | Physics | Electronics Chemistry-II(Theoretical & In-Organic ) | Differential Calculus | | | 2:30 to 4:30 pmIntegral Calculus | | | | |...
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...Transforming Lives Communities The Nation …One Student at a Time Disclaimer Academic programmes, requirements, courses, tuition, and fee schedules listed in this catalogue are subject to change at any time at the discretion of the Management and Board of Trustees of the College of Science, Technology and Applied Arts of Trinidad and Tobago (COSTAATT). The COSTAATT Catalogue is the authoritative source for information on the College’s policies, programmes and services. Programme information in this catalogue is effective from September 2010. Students who commenced studies at the College prior to this date, are to be guided by programme requirements as stipulated by the relevant department. Updates on the schedule of classes and changes in academic policies, degree requirements, fees, new course offerings, and other information will be issued by the Office of the Registrar. Students are advised to consult with their departmental academic advisors at least once per semester, regarding their course of study. The policies, rules and regulations of the College are informed by the laws of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. iii Table of Contents PG 9 PG 9 PG 10 PG 11 PG 11 PG 12 PG 12 PG 13 PG 14 PG 14 PG 14 PG 14 PG 15 PG 17 PG 18 PG 20 PG 20 PG 20 PG 21 PG 22 PG 22 PG 22 PG 23 PG 23 PG 23 PG 23 PG 24 PG 24 PG 24 PG 24 PG 25 PG 25 PG 25 PG 26 PG 26 PG 26 PG 26 PG 26 PG 26 PG 27 PG 27 PG 27 PG 27 PG 27 PG 27 PG 28 PG 28 PG 28 PG 28 PG 28 PG 33 PG 37 Vision Mission President’s...
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...Item Analysis Item Analysis allows us to observe the characteristics of a particular question (item) and can be used to ensure that questions are of an appropriate standard and select items for test inclusion. Introduction Item Analysis describes the statistical analyses which allow measurement of the effectiveness of individual test items. An understanding of the factors which govern effectiveness (and a means of measuring them) can enable us to create more effective test questions and also regulate and standardise existing tests. There are three main types of Item Analysis: Item Response Theory, Rasch Measurement and Classical Test Theory. Although Classical Test Theory and Rasch Measurement will be discussed, this document will concentrate primarily on Item Response Theory. The Models Classical Test Theory Classical Test Theory (traditionally the main method used in the United Kingdom) utilises two main statistics - Facility and Discrimination. * Facility is essentially a measure of the difficulty of an item, arrived at by dividing the mean mark obtained by a sample of candidates and the maximum mark available. As a whole, a test should aim to have an overall facility of around 0.5, however it is acceptable for individual items to have higher or lower facility (ranging from 0.2 to 0.8). * Discrimination measures how performance on one item correlates to performance in the test as a whole. There should always be some correlation between item and test performance...
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...But these greater goods do not come without their fair share of challenges. As Peters and Daly, Shanna in their study about “Returning Graduate” within the engineering industry, found that those like me who are returning to grad school to enhance our literacy face multiple challenges when compared to those coming out an undergrad study. While returners are often skilled with industrial equipment, they may be less skilled with computers than direct-pathway students, and they may be out of practice in some of their math skills (Peters Sc Daly, 2011; Prusak, 1999). Of the challenges grad students face, I sense that I will have trouble in: (a) time management, (b) how to handle both the reading load and comprehend what was read, and (c) finding the best way and forms to write on the graduate...
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...2014-2015 Undergraduate Academic Calendar and Course Catalogue Published June 2014 The information contained within this document was accurate at the time of publication indicated above and is subject to change. Please consult your faculty or the Registrar’s office if you require clarification regarding the contents of this document. Note: Program map information located in the faculty sections of this document are relevant to students beginning their studies in 2014-2015, students commencing their UOIT studies during a different academic year should consult their faculty to ensure they are following the correct program map. i Message from President Tim McTiernan I am delighted to welcome you to the University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT), one of Canada’s most modern and dynamic university communities. We are a university that lives by three words: challenge, innovate and connect. You have chosen a university known for how it helps students meet the challenges of the future. We have created a leading-edge, technology-enriched learning environment. We have invested in state-of-the-art research and teaching facilities. We have developed industry-ready programs that align with the university’s visionary research portfolio. UOIT is known for its innovative approaches to learning. In many cases, our undergraduate and graduate students are working alongside their professors on research projects and gaining valuable hands-on learning, which we believe is integral...
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...Chunlu Xiao STAT 2501 Project Benford’s and Zipf’s Law Abstract Both Benford’s and Zipf’s Law are the result from a lot of real life data, and they are relative and can be applied in our real life. This paper will introduce and explain these two laws in a simply way. Benford’s Law Benford's Law, also called the First-Digit Law, refers to the frequency distribution of digits in many (but not all) real-life sources of data. In this distribution, 1 occurs as the leading digit about 30% of the time, while larger digits occur in that position less frequently: 9 as the first digit less than 5% of the time. Benford's Law also concerns the expected distribution for digits beyond the first, which approach a uniform distribution. For , the proportion of whose first digit is is approximately . Thus, for instance, should have a first digit of 1 about 30% of the time, but a first digit of 9 only about 5% of the time. The American astronomer Simon Newcomb discovered the law in 1881 that noticed that the first pages of books of logarithms were soiled much more than the remaining pages. In 1938, Frank Benford arrived at the same formula after a comprehensive investigation of listings of data covering a variety of natural phenomena. The law applies to budget, income tax or population figures as well as street addresses of people listed in the book American Men of Science. In the face of such universality of the law, it's quite astonishing that there exists a more general framework - Zipf's...
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...might not have access to educational resources throughout the summer months and for low-achieving students who need additional time to master academic content. Because many students loose learning over the summer and some students need more time on task to master content, participation in summer learning programs should mitigate learning loss and could even produce achievement gains on standardized test such as MAP. Overview One hundred and fifty Title I-eligible students from Chandler Creek Elementary school will enroll each summer in a four week reading and math program sponsored by the Title I department of Greenville County Schools. Thematic studies will provide a framework for reading/writing and math activities that will improve student attitudes and achievement and encourage parent participation in education. The summer school program will target students in grades K-2 that have difficulties in math and...
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