...STAT 302 – Statistical Methods Lecture 8 Dr. Avishek Chakraborty Visiting Assistant Professor Department of Statistics Texas A&M University Using sample data to draw a conclusion about a population • Statistical inference provides methods for drawing conclusions about a population from sample data. • Two key methods of statistical inference: o o Confidence intervals Hypothesis tests (a.k.a., tests of significance) Hypothesis Testing: Evaluating the effectiveness of new machinery at the Bloggs Chemical Plant • Before the installation of new machinery, long historical records revealed that the daily yield of fertilizer produced by the Bloggs Chemical Plant had a mean μ = 880 tons and a standard deviation σ = 21 tons. Some new machinery is being evaluated with the aim of increasing the daily mean yield without changing the population standard deviation σ. Hypothesis Testing: Evaluating the effectiveness of new machinery at the Bloggs Chemical Plant Null hypotheses • The claim tested by a statistical test is called the null hypothesis. The test is designed to assess the strength of the evidence against the null hypothesis. Usually the null hypothesis is a statement of “no effect” or “no difference”, that is, a statement of the status quo. Alternative hypotheses • The claim about the population that we are trying to find evidence for is the alternative hypothesis. The alternative hypothesis is one-sided if it states that a parameter is larger than or...
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...investigates the strategic management of Pepsi Cola and Coca-Cola in an effort to make recommendations on how Pepsi Cola can build strategies in gaining a larger share of the market. The assessment of strategic management begins with the vision and mission of both organizations, which leads into literature review that identifies the consumer preferences of both Pepsi Cola and Coca-Cola. Following the literature review is the teams’ own personal assessment of consumer preferences for the Pepsi Cola and Coca-Cola brand (Please refer to Appendix A for the assessment). Finalizing the investigation are recommendations for Pepsi Cola to gain a larger share of the market. The Cola Wars Research Paper According to an industry report from Hoover’s (2014), the U.S. soft drink industry yields $34 billion annually and continues to grow internationally. The largest markets of consumption for soft drinks outside the U.S. are: Mexico, Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay (Hoover’s, 2014). The constant change of consumer preferences is what drives Pepsi Cola and Coca-Cola to compete for a larger share of the market. The intense rivalry between Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola have been going on since the late 1800’s (Economy Watch, 2011); when Pepsi Cola was born from a “combination of: carbonated water, kola nuts, vanilla, and rare oils” (Pepsi Legacy Book, p.7. 2005). This paper focuses on the diversified strategies of both Pepsi Cola and Coca-Cola in their efforts to gain the largest share of...
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...Case on Corporate Sustainability Reporting: Coca Cola 1) The Coca Cola Enterprise is very big supporter of the community. In 2013 they have * Invested more than $9 million in community programs to support young people, encourage active lifestyles and protect the environment. * Reached more than 100,000 young people through local partnerships and our education centers. * In 2013, we launched a new partnership with JINC, an organization bringing together companies and underprivileged young people to help students prepare for the world of work. Focusing on developing the skills needed to gain employment, volunteers and funding are provided for classes, interview coaching and one-to-one support. * In Sweden, we support Städa Sverige (Clean Sweden) to promote environmental awareness among young people. Since 2010, more than 4,000 participants have * Cleared litter from over 300 Swedish beaches. Through our projects with WWF-UK, we are working with community groups to improve water quality and undertake river restoration at the River Nar in Norfolk and the River Cray in South London 2-3) Metric People Empowering 5 million women to be entrepreneurs by 2020. * The Goal: Enable the economic empowerment of 5 million women entrepreneurs across our value chain by 2020. * Status: In progress as of December, 31, 2012 the 5 by 20 program had enabled approximately 300,000 women and has recently expanded to twelve countries. * Goal: A policy implementing...
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...Assignment Marketing Plan On (Product Coca-Cola) Prepared by Md. Mosaddek Hossen Id # 0220012 Tanima Trina Id#0220063 Sohel Mahmud Id # 0220013 Sabrina Chawdhury Id # : 0000000 Group- Leo Marketing Management Sec-1 Submitted to Mr. Rumman Hassan Lecturer School of Business Independent University, Bangladesh 25th April, 2006 25 April, 2006 Mr. Rumman Hassan Course Instructor Marketing Management School of business IUB, Dhaka-1212 Sub: Letter of transmittal Dear Sir, It’s our great pleasure to submit you this report on Market plan of Coca-cola. We have got a great experience while working on this report. We would like to leave this report to your kind consideration for any unintentional mistake that may accuser while doing this report. We are always at your service if you want to ask us any thing about this report and it will be a great pleasure to work with you again in future. Sincerely yours Md. Mosaddek Hossen Id # 0220012 Tanima Trina Id#0220063 Sohel Mahmud Id # 0220013 Sabrina Chawdhury Id # : Group- Leo Table of Contents Page number Acknowledgement --------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 Executive Summary ------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 Introduction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 Beginning of the project -------------------------------------------------------- 7 Preface -------------------------...
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...PART 1 – Discrete and Continuous Random Variables OBJECTIVE(S): • Students will learn how to use a probability distribution to answer questions about possible values of a random variable. • Students will learn how to calculate the mean and standard deviation of a discrete random variable. • Students will learn how to interpret the mean and standard deviation of a random variable. Random Variable – Probability Distribution - Discrete Random Variable - The probabilities of a probability distribution must satisfy two requirements: a. b. Mean (expected value) of a discrete random variable [pic]= E(X) = = 1. In 2010, there were 1319 games played in the National Hockey League’s regular season. Imagine selecting one of these games at random and then randomly selecting one of the two teams that played in the game. Define the random variable X = number of goals scored by a randomly selected team in a randomly selected game. The table below gives the probability distribution of X: Goals: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Probability: 0.061 0.154 0.228 0.229 0.173 0.094 0.041 0.015 0.004 0.001 a. Show that the probability distribution for X is legitimate. b. Make a histogram of the probability distribution. Describe what you see. 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 ...
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...Analysis of Global Leadership Practices for The Coca-Cola Company Robert Walbrun 11/25/2014 City University - Seattle Abstract This paper will discuss The Coca-Cola Company, a company that does business with international stakeholders. It will analyze the leadership practices of working across cultures and outline what the organization does well in this regard and what opportunities exist for improvement. In conclusion, this paper will recommend actions that should be taken to make improvements in relations with international stakeholders. Analysis of Global Leadership Practices for The Coca-Cola Company The Coca-Cola Company spans across over 200 countries with more than 3500 products worldwide (“Coca-Cola at a glance”, n.d.). The company has been adaptive to the changing world and has adjusted its leadership structure to meet current business needs. Partnerships around the world have allowed it to adjust its manufacturing and distribution approach to meet the needs of each independent market. The company is cognizant of its emerging markets and makes investments that secure the future of those markets. While Coke is an extremely strong and recognizable brand around the world it has also exposed itself to controversial situations as it has worked to establish itself in new global markets. Unique challenges inhibit the company’s growth in some markets but recognition of collateral impact to specific business decisions and appropriate adjustments will...
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...Business Banking; UK Retail & Business Banking; and Africa Retail & Business Banking (including Barclaycard (loan and credit card provision) and Absa Group (Wikipedia, 2015). British Petroleum (BP) It’s among the 6 "supermajor" gas and oil firms in the world. It’s a British multinational corporation with its headquarters in London, England. Thanks to its 2012 performance, it became the 6th-largest gas and oil firm, the sixth-largest energy corporation by market capitalization as well as the firm with the 5th-largest revenue (turnover) in the world. It’s a vertically integrated corporation operating in all sections of the oil & gas sector, including exploration & production and refining, production, power generation, trading, distribution and marketing. Also, it...
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...Exam 4 Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 1) A point estimate is the value of a ______________ that estimates the value of a _______________. 1) _____ A) random variable; statistic B) parameter; statistic C) random variable; parameter D) statistic; parameter 2) Private colleges and universities rely on money contributed by individuals and corporations for their operating expenses. Much of this money is put into a fund called an endowment, and the college spends only the interest earned by the fund. A recent survey of eight private colleges in the United States revealed the following endowments (in millions of dollars): 71.3, 41, 233.7, 495.5, 122.5, 177.9, 93.7, and 216.6. What value will be used as the point estimate for the mean endowment of all private colleges in the United States? 2) _____ A) 207.457 B) 1452.2 C) 8 D) 181.525 3) Determine the point estimate of the population mean for the confidence interval with a lower bound of 25 and an upper bound of 35. 3) _____ A) 35 B) 25 C) 30 D) 31 4) Compute the critical value z* that corresponds to a 94% level of confidence. 4) _____ A) 1.96 B) 1.645 C) 2.33 D) 1.88 5) In a sample of 10 randomly selected employees, it was found that their mean height was 63.4 inches. From previous studies, it is assumed that the standard deviation, σ, is 2.4. Compute the...
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...perceptions regarding the Carbonated Soft Drink & Liquid Refreshment industry is that the beverages are not good for one's health; this perception, combined with the obesity epidemic in the United States has allowed the consumption of these beverage to decrease. Another perception is that the leftover cans and plastic bottles are polluting the environment; about 1 billion cans worldwide. On the other hand, consumers perceive the CSD industry to have greater taste and emotional connection, while SodaStream edges on perceived health benefits and eco-friendliness. EXPECTATIONS The expectation of SodaStream customers is that it will help them maintain or achieve a healthy lifestyle. They don’t expect SodaStream to compare to with Coca-Cola or Pepsi in terms of taste, but they do know that using it will prevent pollution more than the CSD leaders even can; and their SodaStream...
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...Grass Roots Company: The Coca-Cola Company A company typically grows to become an international entity by first successfully competing in the domestic market. Once successful it can venture into the global market. However, before the company begins to compete in the international market, they must first conduct research on the laws, culture, and customs associated with the area being considered. It is very important to do this if the company wishes to be successful. Failure to do this research can be detrimental to the success of the business. It would most likely lead to a waste of company funds. A company must determine if their current Human Resources (HR) practices can be used overseas or if they need to be altered. The company must at least ask themselves the following questions: Will the cultural differences have an effect on the company’s current HR practices? If so, how will they change their HR practices to address the different culture? Is it feasible to expand the business in this particular location or is it better to find a different country or location that has similar beliefs and cultures? Other aspects to consider are the compatibility of its strategy, the availability of experienced local talent, available local resources, and the effectiveness of multicultural employee relationships in regards to productivity. They must determine if the company’s current strategic plan will work in the new location? A company must realize that their strategy may work in...
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...Running head: COCA-COLA Five Year Marketing Plan Coca-Cola Company Liberty University Jennifer Bachelder, Ryan Belush, Teresa Bissette, Travis Boyce, Carol Brown, Brenda Chamlee, and James Crandall Abstract Our group has decided to market an existing product, but we would like to add a variety pack to this product. We feel if Coca-Cola would add a variety pack to their existing products it would offer more choices for the consumer and we feel this would increase sales by meeting the needs of those consumers with different taste. We would like for the variety pack to consist of Coke, Diet Coke, and Coke Zero. Not only would this benefit different age groups it would increase sales for Coca-Cola. Because it allows convenience to the consumers who have church events, work parties, or school events. 1. Executive Summary Since Coca Cola was launched as a company, the company has exceeded expectations by a long shot. Innovators who get into the practice of trying to market something like a soda can sometimes fall behind the competition as other sodas have in the past such as generic brand sodas produced by companies such as Food Lion and Wal-Mart. Coca Cola strives to continue providing better soda quality than its competitors by hiring only the best employees and producing the highest quality product while ensuring that distribution is also performed effectively. Coca Cola intends on using its large fan base of the product to continue...
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...thank my parents for their trust and belief in me always. They make me who I am today with their unconditional love. My humble gratitude and word of appreciation is also for Ms Saira Farooqi, Head of the BBA Department at Kinnaird, and Ms Manal Talat for providing me with the courage to make a name as a student of BBA for 4 years. They have been a motherly figure for me and I can just not thank them enough for framing me into a personality that I possess today. Last but not the least, I express my thanks to my advisors, Ms Farhat Iqbal Awan, Ms Anum Zafar and Ms Maryam Rehmat, without whom this report would not have been completed and compiled. They have worked very hard on this with me. PREFACE The study mainly focuses on how Coca Cola has...
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...Coca-Cola marketing channel strategy study in China Chapter Coca-Cola Company's development in China Section the basic situation of Coca-Cola Company 1. Coca-Cola and the company's produce Coca-Cola, the world's one hundred years the popularity of the wonderful liquid is from the United States in 1886 in Atlanta, Georgia pharmacist John Dr. Peng Bodun (John S. Pemberton) in the backyard at home, will Carbonated water and sugar and other ingredients mixed in a triangle pot in the invention. "Coca-Cola" is the English name was Pemberton's assistant and partner in accountant named Robinson. Robinson is a classical calligrapher, he considered that 'the two capital C character will look great', so he had to personally write cursive scripts using Spencer's 'Coca-Cola'. 'coca' is the son of refined spices cocoa leaves, 'cola' is the fruit of the cocoa component removed. "Coca-Cola" trademark has not changed over the past century. In 1892, businessman Hom Chandler in 2300 U.S. dollars to buy all the secrets of Coca-Cola franchise, and the creation of Coca-Cola Company. Under his leadership, less than three years Bianba Coca-Cola extended to across the country. In 1899, Benjamin Franklin Thomas andղķʿ??̘ Whitehead signed with the Candler regional development in the United States most of the bottling business contracts. Since then its development momentum will be unstoppable in 1904 developed into a 120 bottling...
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...markets design a marketing channel strategy that meets the needs of customers and allows for the long-term profitable success of the business? I begin answering this question by examining common challenges that companies operating in this environment face. Each challenge is accompanied by examples of companies that have solved the problem in a unique way. Then, I develop a generalized framework for designing marketing channels in rural emerging markets. Finally, I apply the framework to d.light Design, a company that manufactures and sells solar lanterns in India and Africa and that I worked at in the summer of 2011. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Challenge: Distribution Network Design Fast Moving Consumer Goods: Hub-and-Spoke Consumer Durables: Aggregate Demand in Population Centers Challenge: Distribution Network Logistics Corporate Partnerships Local Non-Profit Organizations Business-to-Business Sales Challenge: Affordability Small and Cheap Small-Payment Financing...
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...Introduction Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink sold in stores, restaurants and vending machines worldwide (The Coca-Cola Company claims that it is sold in more than 200 countries.). It is produced by The Coca-Cola Company in Atlanta, Georgia, and is often referred to simply as Coke or (in European and American countries) as cola, pop, or in some parts of the U.S., soda. Originally intended as a patent medicine when it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton, Coca-Cola was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coke to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century. The company produces concentrate, which is then sold to various licensed Coca-Cola bottlers throughout the world. The bottlers, who hold territorially exclusive contracts with the company, produce finished product in cans and bottles from the concentrate in combination with filtered water and sweeteners. The bottlers then sell, distribute and merchandise Coca-Cola in cans and bottles to retail stores and vending machines. Such bottlers include Coca-Cola Enterprises, which is the largest single Coca-Cola bottler in North America and Western Europe. The Coca-Cola Company also sells concentrate for fountain sales to major restaurants and food service distributors. The Coca-Cola Company has, on occasion, introduced other cola drinks under the Coke brand name. The most common of these is Diet Coke, which has become a major diet cola. However, others...
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