...Body One- The first argument is athletes’ grades are sometimes based on their playing ability. A quote from the New York Times is, “An English instructor told how a football player was allowed to remain in a remedial program an extra quarter because, faculty members were told, he had scored the winning touchdown against the cross-state rival Georgia Tech.” This quote means a teacher was told a football player (one of her students) scored the winning touchdown against their rivals so he got to stay in a remedial program an extra quarter. Another quote from the New York Times is, “Another professor testified that a football player who had failed a sociology class had his grade changed, over the teacher's protest, from an F to a C. The testimony is part of a lawsuit brought against the University and two of its administrators by Jan Kemp, a former professor and coordinator of the university's remedial English program.” This means a student’s grades were changed from an F to a C in order for him to continue playing football. Even though a professor testified against it. A different quote is, “The University of North Carolina's athletic department was charged with steering athletes into ‘GPA booster’ classes to keep them playing, in a cheating scheme that went on for 18 years.” This means North Carolina was caught boosting athletes GPA by putting them in easier classes so they could still play even though their grades were too low.” Body 2- The second argument is how division 1...
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...baseball players. This study is more concerned with foreign players in general and recognizes there may be different results if a person solely focuses on the limitations of this research. Conclusion In 1947, Jackie Robinson, the first African-American in MLB, revolutionized the sport forever, and introduced the country to a new type of hero. Robinson fought segregation and racism with his stoic nature and pure skill. His unbridled determination and passion for the game paved the way for others within the sport and within the country. Through his presence and beliefs, the American population became more exposed to African-Americans and injustice. Robinson was more than just a baseball player; he was a cultural icon who humanized the black population and laid the foundation for change long before the Civil Rights Act of 1964. He represents the best of sports. A true leader both on and off the field. He bore all of the pain and used America’s pastime to redefine its future. Today we struggle with similar issues. Much has changed, and yet much is the same. At times, we are afraid to trust—afraid to open our doors and hearts to others. Sometimes we focus more on barriers instead of connections. However, sports are an extension of our society. They can represent who we are and what we stand for, while also bringing us together. They can also highlight talent, struggles, and obstacles. They can foster change. In a case study, researcher David Solmitz (2001) concluded that people are more...
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...Abstract This paper explores a social psychology study that reports on results from research conducted on negative stereotypes and the effects it has on certain types of people. The study focuses on the phenomenon social psychologist call the “stereotype threat” or the concern of being at risk of confirming a negative stereotype about one’s social group (Stone et al., 1999). Similar studies have shown that when people are confronted with negative stereotypes about their social identity they tend to perform poorly on a task. On the other hand people tend to do well on tasks when the threat to their social identity is not present. This paper examines Stone’s, Sjomeling’s, Lynch’s and Darley’s experiment focused on whether traditionally non-stigmatized groups such as white college students would also experience distress when their social identity is threatened. Stereotype Threat The anxiety or concern of confirming negative stereotypes about one’s social group in any situation is referred to as the stereotype threat by social psychologist. Ever since it was first introduce by psychologist Claude Steele, the stereotype threat has become one of the most researched topics in the field of psychology, academics, and recently in athletics. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to critically analyze the study: “Stereotype Threat Effects on Black and White Athletic Performance,” conducted by Jeff Stone, Mike Sjomeling, Christian Lynch, and John Darley....
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...African-American Social Identity in Sports Chapter 7, Race and Ethnicity, focuses briefly on social identities in sports. In particular, it touches upon racial ideology in sports, and its challenges. Stereotyping is a natural occurrence among society, and is predominant in sports. I am sure there has been many times where one has seen a tall male, African-American, and thought “I wonder if he is a basketball player?” The text gives a good example based on their research stating that “when young black men were in the honors program and played on a school team, other students and teachers identified them as athletes rather than honor students…and white students in the honors program and on school teams were clearly identified as honor students rather than athletes” (Coakley, 226). This illustrates the specific social identities black males have. I thought to myself, why is this so? Why is it that African American males are viewed to exceed in athletic ability, rather than intelligence, and vice versa for white males. The problem is stereotypes in sports, which often lead to other general stereotypes. These stereotypes begin to imply that certain races have certain characteristics. I believe these stereotypes need to stop, and black male’s social identities need to expand beyond being athletic. These athletic stereotypes can play a negative impact in the real world. For instance, when trying to find a job, employers are not interested in their applicant’s athleticism, but...
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...than 2,100 schools across the U.S. using Native American Mascots.” All sports teams have mascots to represent their schools pride and strength. Mascots generally don’t fall under exploration, except for the ones that represent Native American tribes. These mascots are usually based on inaccurate descriptions of Native Americans causing controversy on whether or not they should be allowed. Many Native American tribes have been feeling offended, which is why the issue has been arising today with well known sports teams including the Fighting Sioux, The Redskins, The Indians, Etc. This controversy has had a dramatic effect due to the widespread ban of many of the Native American tribal sports...
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...a victim of gender stereotypes, the main gender type that is targeted negatively are females because they are considered to be “delicate” and “weak, while men are seen as more “bold” and “strong”. As a result of this, the question that will be focused on is “why do gender stereotypes affect the performance of individuals?”. Gender stereotypes can affect a person's ability to do things to their full potential such as education, competing in sports, or even something as small as playing video games. One reason why gender stereotypes affect the performance of individuals is because of the pressure...
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...| Oregon bans Native American school mascots, images | Article 4 | | | Tika ShouldersSoc. 110 T/Thur. 2:15pmProfessor BlossomNovember 5, 2013 | Is it honorable or racist to use Native American Mascots in schools, or professional sports teams? Explain your answer in details. The use of Native American Mascots has been a contentious issue for many years. The exploit of names for sport teams was chosen at time when the dominate group believed that the Native American Indians were a loss and forgotten race. Back in the 20th century Native American tribes were perceived as ruthless, devious, savages, and war-like. According to Joseph Healey (2010) “the persistence of stereotypes and the extent to which they have become enmeshed in modern culture is illustrated by continuing controversies surrounding …names for athletic teams…” (p. 261). Stereotyping indigenous people has been largely perpetuated in our sport teams. When Indian names were chosen to represent sports it does not appear to be because of honor. Native American mascots are a seed of racism and are a general acceptance for institutionalizing American Indians once again. Race-based mascots are very offensive and do not belong in our schools. We are teaching our children that stereotyping and racial discrimination is still acceptable today. The Indian mascots are a creation of a generation that grew up in an era where Native Americans did not get treated fairly. Mascots are a symbol of the extensive history...
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...is very prejudice, due to the fact that it does not give African americans an opportunity to prove society wrong. In fact society tends to place stereotypes or name tags on us, but more so on young black males. Although the media negatively impacts the trajectories of Black adolescent´s academic readiness and pursuits, it causes young African Americans to make poor career choices; therefore, the media should accurately recognize African Americans in industries outside of sports. Black men are more likely to be recognized for sports, rather than for their academic knowledge. Young black men are criticized for any...
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...Typical stereotypes that have been said about Asian Americans are that we are hardworking, quiet, short and that we can not play sports. That we are book smart but not street smart which in turn is a result to an assumption that we can not drive. One of the stereotypes that people have about me as an Asian is that I can not play sports. As an Asian American, I was born to motivate myself through playing sports. I excel in numerous sports such as track and field and also in basketball. During my elementary school years I was involved in track and field from which I received five gold medals. Two of my medals were from the 5,000 meter dash, two more of them were from the 4 by 400 meter dash relay and my fifth one was from the 100 meter dash. When I reached high school I decided to switch sports. It was then that basketball became my passion. After trying out for my high school team and making the cut, I was able to experience a new opportunity. The opportunity in being able to compete with other countries. My team and I were eligible to compete in the Junior Southeast Asian games. We competed with team members who came from China, Mongolia, Laos, Japan, Cambodia and Vietnam. I would play my heart out during every practice and especially every game. I was soon rewarded for my talent. I was named Best in Sports and Athlete of the Year when I graduated from high school. One of my favorite examples that came into contrast to the stereotype that Asians can not play sports is Yao Ming...
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...separate more often than not have similar IQ scores. However, they will still typically match closer to their adoptive parents than birth parents for the environmental influences. However, environmental influences tend to be less important over time. Heredity tends to be more of a factor for the development of intelligence than the environment. A stereotype threat is an idea that our behavior worsens when we are reminded of a negative stereotype about us. Because of stereotype threat, students are reminded of a negative stereotype and are often more likely to perform worse, especially if that stereotype is one that makes them feel inferior. You have the choice to ignore the stereotypes and prove those people and their stereotypes were wrong. However too often people allow the stereotype to get to their heads. They allow other people to let them play worse than they would have without the negative stereotypes floating around. Annie Duke was involved in a male dominant sport. She would sit down at the poker table with all other men, and take all the wrong things the men would say to her or about her. If anyone was was subject to stereotype threat it was her. In the podcast, she describes...
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...Gender is a social construct created through culture, traditions and observed in texts we read. Texts such as novels and films reinforce gender stereotypes. In some cases, novels and films challenge these ideas as well. The construct of gender sets restrictions and constructs boundaries through stereotypes and traditions we have created ourselves. In news articles, the film Whale Rider directed by Niki Caro, and the novel Tomorrow, When the War Began, written by John Marsden, traditional stereotypes are challenged, either directly or indirectly. Different writing or film techniques are used to portray relatable and personal experiences that the viewer or reader can identify with. Gender is a construct that can be discussed through characterisation,...
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...live and the things they love to do the most and tell you if the stereotype is good or not. The way a lot of people in this world look at blacks is that they are cocky and think no one and can tell them anything. They also say that they all look like they are thugs and that they always walk round looking mad and they say all of them are good at sports. As for Asian people they say that they can’t drive or play sports. Another thing about Asians is that everyone thinks that they are smart and another is that they all look the same. So to me they are teaching other groups to think that they are no good and only good for one thing and it’s showing the other groups do not be like this it’s the wrong way to go about life. The message that it’s showing is that it’s not helping the two groups but they are really hurting the two groups and by doing that they are keeping the two down by talking about them. Stereotypes keep circulating and there seems to be little change. When people do not take the time to get to truly know people of a certain race, they are building up the stereotype, but when they get to know people they start to break down the stereotypes. Let’s look at the first stereotype for Asians. The stereotype that everyone thinks they are very smart is actually a positive outlook on their race. I think this stereotype would boost Asians self-esteem since people think so highly of them. This stereotype is one of the main reasons people and other races and ethnicities...
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...illustrate the complexity of Women’s experience in Sports. In the female and male society, there are specific gender roles and stereotypes that have been established. The typical males are expected to be strong, athletic and independent whereas females are expected to be obedient, attractive nurtures and quiet. Our society demands order to the implemented gender. When these gender norms are violated, it’s common for labels to be given such as ‘’Are you sure that’s not a boy in the net’’, ‘’A girl playing football – what a butch’’ etc. Whilst the ‘’traditional’ gender stereotypes have stayed fairly consistent over the last few centuries, it has also been challenged and confronted by many women and feminists. The one area in which these stereotypes take place is Sports and Physical Activates. Comparing outdated female gender stereotypes with those are 21st century of women in sports, female athletes are establishing their selves in the sporting world. However in saying that it is true those traditional female stereotypes continue to prevail. History Women had limited opportunities to participate in sport or any physical activities until federal legislation came into action allowing women to participate and given equal rights the same as men. Prior to 1870 women engaged in only recreational activities, as they were non-competitive and no rules were required. In the 1900s women started to participate in competitive sports while attempting to limit their involvement continued...
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...similar images by our schools as a clear form of institutional racism” (Grier 2005: 51). In this paper we will discuss the controversial impact of the Native American stereotype used as mascots. In the early 1900’s when the threat of colonization was abolished Americans started to use the Native American mascot to show their acknowledgement of their struggles. Although this was symbolic it has been an ongoing controversy within schools and sports. California is the second highest state that uses the most Native American imagery and symbols. The importance of this contemporary issue is an ongoing debate in California that has impacted the true history of Native Americans and the battles they went through. The truth is crucial because their imagery and interpretation is misunderstood in American history. In the early 1900’s it became acceptable to use Native American imagery for advertisement. “One of the reasons why most Americans find the mascots unremarkable and do not turn a critical eye toward the mascots is because of the prevalence of similar images throughout U.S. popular culture” (King, et al 2002:391). Although years later these symbolic images became a form of institutional racism. Many people are against these images that are portrayed in todays society because they believe it portrays negative stereotypes. “Such imagery is seen as affecting Native American images of themselves, creating a hostile climate for many Native Americans, and preventing people from understanding...
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...mindset in a 18 year old body. For me “growing up” felt like it never ended. High School was the breeding ground for stereotypes and cliques. For a lot of people it provided a sense of comfort, to me, it was a living hell. Everyone seemed to fit in one perfectly except for me. However, over the years, I have learned to master the art of “floating around”. There were several points in my high school career that I was friends with the athletes, nerds, artist, and yes even some of the “popular” kids. Though I had friends they never quite understood me. This caused me a lot of anxiety and loneliness. They could never pinpoint who I was as a person. It was like trying to solve a rubix cube. Some got my artistic side, others my somewhat athletic side, and even on a rare occasion some actually knew who the heck Tom Petty was....
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