...Female Sterilization M. Reese, W. Rearden Aiken Technical College NUR 211 3/25/15 Female Sterilization Female sterilization is a highly effective method of birth control. It is a permanent procedure and is only done if the patient has no desire to have a future birth. Some women even opt for the procedure to be done immediately after their decision to have their final childbirth. With this procedure there is no need for other methods of birth control (to prevent pregnancy only) which makes it very popular among many women. There are no long term side effects of the procedure, and with the education provided by the nurse, women can make the right decision regarding whether to use female sterilization as her birth control method....
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...During the twentieth century in Michigan, many believed that they could create a race of strong, healthy individuals by weeding out the ‘unfit.’ Those they considered to be idiots, imbeciles, feeble minded, insane, sexual perverts, moral degenerates, and epileptic persons were considered for sterilization. The thought was that by sterilizing the ‘unfit’ and the minorities, the worst genes would be eliminated, therefore only the best genes would reproduce. Focusing my research between the years 1869-1974, this paper will investigate the birth of eugenics and Michigan's adoption of the science, which resulted in the massive human rights violations of the states 3,786 residents. This paper will provide the answer to, why was eugenic sterilization such a commonly accepted science in Michigan during the early 1900’s until the sterilization law was repealed in the 1974? My research will show that eugenic sterilization, although heinous in nature, was justified by Michigan scientists and residents a like by claims of a more humane society and was thought to be the saving grace of mankind. Eugenics is a word derived from Greek meaning "well born" and was formulated by British scientist Francis Galton, cousin of Charles Darwin, after an 1869 study which stemmed from his cousins idea of better evolution. This work concluded that heredity was the sole factor in a persons make up—all things good and bad, anywhere from intellect to deformations. The definition of eugenics given by Galton...
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...If someone asked 100 average Americans about eugenics, the overwhelming majority of them would likely announce that they had a negative impression of the concept, rightly or wrongly. Over the last century, eugenics — which is defined as good genetics — has had a checkered history due to how different governments and political leaders have tried to implement the theory. These failed eugenics attempts have had severe socio-political consequences on countries around the world. Within this paper, three eugenics-based policies will be addressed in greater detail. These policies are: birth control, race-based sterilization policies and genocide (on varying scales). Birth control is a relatively recent phenomenon — primarily entering the national agenda after the Industrial Revolution as more and more families left the countryside and moved into urban areas. Prior to this demographic shift, birth control had only been practiced by a handful of people and the methods that were utilized (such as abstinence and withdrawal) had a relatively high failure rate (A brief history of, 2014). Following the Industrial Revolution, birth control was introduced at different rates in different countries — driven by demographic differences, as well as each country's individual religious beliefs and preferences. Certain religions have been much more adamantly opposed to birth control than others. Interestingly, the United States was one of the slowest countries to embrace birth control. In fact, a...
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...Hassan 1 Hussein Hassan Mr. Horn AP Seminar February 2 2015 The Perfect Human: The Flaws in Modern Eugenics With global technologies rapidly advancing, specifically those based in the field of genetics, one might wonder where humanity is headed in terms of their offspring. The answer? Modern eugenics. Francis Galton's eugenics, centered around forced sterilization and selective breeding to eliminate undesirable traits and foster the spread of more advantageous ones (Galton), is dead. However, the idea of focusing on one’s inherited genes to eliminate passed down diseases is alive and well, albeit in a more “modern” fashion. Is modern eugenics the right way of the future for humanity? To what extent should modern eugenics be viable? Before ambitious genetic projects had begun, such as the Human Genome Project which mapped out the entirety of the human genome (Genome.gov), the only way to tamper with an individual’s genes was through their parents. Gregor Mendel earned the moniker “The Father of Genetics” because of his experiments involving the breeding of plants in the mid 19th century (Biography.com). However, modern eugenics focuses on the genes of child more than the parents through abortions and the genetic altering of the embryo to achieve the desired results. This can be achieved through a process called genetic screening, which observes an embryo’s chromosomes for any lapses or breaks (Galloway a). Embryo’s that show signs of a genetic disorders...
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...be spend on healthcare is, this project aims on understanding the drivers for this high cost and possible ways to control them. One of the important drivers for this high healthcare cost that we identified and will discuss in this paper is unnecessary care. Although there are number of factors contributing to unnecessary care, this paper focuses on four key issues mainly sterilization, hospital acquired infections, medical errors and hospital readmissions. Sterilization: Background of the issue Hospitals are hygienic paradoxes. It is where patients are cured from diseases and acquire a new one. Hospital hygiene is difficult to achieve. According to the World Health Organization estimates, “more than 1.4 million people worldwide are affected by infections acquired in hospitals” (Cleanhospitals.net). Why are there so many unclean hospitals and what body of people holds them accountable for medical negligence? How do you eliminate hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) and improve hospital hygiene standards? Current status and challenges Currently, many hospitals clean, disinfect, and sterilize hospital equipment. While hospital staff and nurses may be able to be trained on the proper cleaning procedures, equipment sterilization is not a part of the nursing staff’s core competencies....
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...childbearing age with one child, sterilization for couples with two children (usually performed on the woman), and abortions for women pregnant without authorization. By the mid-eighties, according to Chinese government statistics, birth control surgeries — abortions, sterilizations, and IUD insertions — were averaging more than thirty million a year. Many, if not most, of these procedures were performed on women who submitted only under duress. The principal modification of the one-child policy occurred in the mid-eighties when, in response to rising levels of female infanticide, the government relaxed the policy in the countryside for couples whose first child was a girl. In many parts of China this has devolved into a de facto two-child policy, as rural officials found the selective enforcement of a mixed policy — one child for couples whose first child was a boy, two children for couples whose first child was a girl — difficult to manage. Current Situation Twenty-two years after my initial field research in China, where do we stand? Today, the Chinese family planning program continues to be carried out against the popular will by means of a variety of coercive measures. Despite official denials and intermittent efforts to discourage some of the more blatant manifestations of physical, that is, bodily, coercion, coercion continues to be, as it has been from the late 1970s, an integral part of the program. Mandatory IUD insertions, sterilizations, and abortions continue. The...
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...Outline + References Sociology 210 Research Paper Draft Conflict Theory and the Evolution of Eugenics in America during the 20th Century. I intend to present a purely informative paper on the sociological perspective of eugenics during the past century in the United States through Conflict Theory. A linear history of causality, implementation, and significance. 1. Conflict Theory Perspective a. Margaret Sanger b. Plato’s Republic c. Negative Eugenics d. Sterilization e. Planned Parenthood Federation of America f. Legislation g. Economic Implications Early 1900’s American political movement under Margaret Sanger 1. advocate the control over individual rights to reproduction 2. purpose of societal advantage 3. rights governed by the state and supported by a public majority 4. originally designed as a method of public oppression and controlled persecution. 5. Sanger an outspoken advocate for Eugenics a. racial dominance, class restraint, and a member of the American Eugenic Political Party, opened a family planning and birth control clinic. 6. Established first Abortion Clinics in NY b. On October 16, 1916, a member of the Eugenic party movement opened a then privately funded business, now partly funded by the public, in New York City. 7. clinic’s policy on providing pregnancy termination to the impoverished and uneducated. 8. The Birth Control Review and Birth Control...
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...Translational Research for Practice and Populations Linda Parson Western Governors University February 20, 2016 Translational Research for Practice and Populations A. Identify a current nursing practice within your healthcare setting that requires change. Patients having procedures considered invasive require interaction with a medical device and a patient's mucous membranes. One major hazard of these procedures is the induction of pathogenic microorganisms that could lead to infection. Malfunction of utilizing the correct processes in accurately reprocessing or sterilizing reusable medical devices bears a risk connected with break of the host barriers. Spaulding’s classification is utilized to determine the stage of reprocessing/disinfection a medical device should be exposed to (CDC, 2008). Also, Spaulding’s classification also determines the level of sterilization for a medical device. The classification is as follows (CDC, 2008) • Critical items (such as surgical instruments, which contact sterile tissue • Semicritical items (such as endoscopes, which contact mucous membranes), • Noncritical items (such as stethoscopes, which contact only intact skin) Based on the classification of the device determines whether the device requires sterilization, high-level disinfection, or low-level disinfection, correspondingly. Pre-cleaning must be the most important thing to perform prior to high-level disinfection and sterilization (FDA, 2009) ...
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...Technologies), serves as the patent holder and developer of “Ozone”. UNM Anderson has been contracted to provide an expeditionary marketing study. Ozone offers an invasive, defined space; gas based delivery system (generated by the product) to kill all living organisms in a room. It provides an affordable elimination and sterilization system for use by the Medical industry. It provides an additional layer of security against concealed germs, bacteria, and viral threats (pathogens). It may even be the cost effective solution to deliver solution based field units to disease hot spots that are engineered for quick and easy “Ozone” sterilization. The technology offers a “whole room” elimination solution (fills available defined space and kills pathogens) as opposed to standard “surface” based elimination systems (based on chemical wipe down style cleaning). Dr. Remy and his supportive team have a strong solution for a problem that has varying targets. As countermeasures are developed, potential pathogen threats evolve. The Ozone technology may offer a solution set that the pathogens cannot evolve to defeat. The primary focus of SIGMA, involves patent work, research and development of the Ozone generation technology, sales, and market development. SIGMA is the first and potentially...
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...March 17, 2007 Comm 201 Contemporary Issues Paper Women of Color and Reproductive Rights If it were up to me, I would describe a contemporary issue as a problem that has the potential to affect a vast majority of people throughout the same period of time. Being a young Black woman in the beginning stages of a new century and era, I have found that it is extremely important that I know everything that has to do with my health and my reproductive rights. As a little girl growing up, I can remember that I always had a fear of doctors; I always associated doctors with shots and needles. As I became older, my mother taught me that it was my responsibility to know all there was to know about my body and how make sure I stayed healthy. When I reached a certain age, my mother told me that it was time for me to make an appointment with a gynecologist and have my first pap smear. In the beginning, I was absolutely mortified at the thought of being invaded at such a personal level. When I explained my fears and apprehension to my mother, she explained that it was my responsibility to do any and everything in my power to make sure I was healthy, even if it meant being uncomfortable for a few minutes. She finally suggested that I do a little research to learn why I needed to go through such a procedure. When I learned of the benefits, I realized that I was gaining a sense of duty for myself in knowing the details of my reproductive health. I later realized that because I...
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...2012 – 2013 INTEL PHILIPPINE SCIENCE FAIR RESEARCH PLAN Required for All Projects To be Submitted to IRB/SRC before the Experimentation Begins Joshua Garcia Bullago Life Science II Name Cluster Category Baguio City National High School School Fair Division (074) 444 26 45 Cor. Gov. Pack Rd., Baguio City School Address Tel. No. NEUTRALIZING MIXTURE Title of Project Mrs. Juliet Herreria-Ilustre Project Adviser The research plan must include the following: A) Problem/s: 1. General Objective: The study aims to neutralize weak and strong acidic solutions using mixture of ashes of banana leaves, banana peelings and potato peelings. 2. Specific Objectives: a. What is the pH of the weak and strong acidic solutions after incorporating mixture of ashes of banana leaves, banana peelings and potato peelings? b. Which of the following mixture of different amounts of ashes of banana leaves, banana peelings and potato peelings will best neutralize the pH of the acidic solutions? c. How long will the neutralization take effect on the pH of the acidic solutions once the mixture of ashes of banana leaves, banana peelings and potato peelings is incorporated to the solutions? B) Hypothesis/Objectives: 1. The neutralization of pH of acidic solutions using mixture of different amounts...
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...INTRODUCTION The rapid expansion and increasing sophistication of the chemical industries in the past century and particularly over the last thirty years has meant that there has been an increasing amount and complexity of toxic waste effluents. Even though policies and environmental efforts should continue to be directed towards applying pressure to industry to reduce toxic waste production, biotechnology presents opportunities to detoxify industrial effluents. Bacteria can be altered to produce certain enzymes that metabolize industrial waste components that are toxic to other life, and also new pathways can be designed for the biodegradation of various wastes. Since waste management itself is a well-established industry, genetics and enzymology can be simply "bolted-on" to existing engineering expertise. Examination of effluents from the chemical and petrochemical industries shows that such effluents typically contain either one or a limited range of major toxic components. In some cases other considerations (such as aesthetic ones) can be important for removal of certain components (such as dyes). This means that in general one industry may apply one or a few genetically modified bacterial strains to get rid of its major toxic waste. However, it may be important to contain the "waste-eating" bacteria within the manufacturing plant, and not release these with the waste water. In such cases, filter installations will have to be built to separate the bacteria from the...
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...Defining Marketing Paper Marketing is very essential for a company to succeed; this is how people learn about a product or service. When thinking of marketing the best way to define it is to think of it as a bridge that stretches from the producer to the consumer. Throughout this paper the author will define marketing from two different sources, explain the importance of marketing in organizational success, based on these definitions, and provide at least three examples from the business world to support her explanation. Marketing Definitions Marketing is the management process through which goods and services move from one concept to the consumer (Business Dictionary.com, 2012). As a practice it consists of four different elements, such as the 4P’s. The first P is identification, selection, and development of a product. Secondly is the determination of the price. The third P is the selection of a distribution channel to reach the customers place. Last is development and implementation of a promotional strategy (Business Dictionary.com, 2012). According to the American Marketing Association (2011), “Marketing research is the function that links the consumer, customer, and public to the marketer through information--information used to identify and define marketing opportunities and problems; generate, refine, and evaluate marketing actions; monitor marketing performance; and improve understanding of marketing as a process. Marketing research specifies the information required...
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...Discussion 4-Evolution and ethics After the reading I did some research on “Eugenics” define as the belief and practice which aims at improving the genetic quality of the human population. By preventing the procreation of persons socially inadequate from defective inheritance trough eugenical sterilization. I think this is a crucial matter. The major issue on this paper was how intelligence factors is correlated with social class. And what is the clear definition of “improvement of human or better humans”. What criteria define potential person supposedly to carry degenerate hereditary qualities? Now we know that Carrie Buck case was never about mental deficiency but a matter of sexual morality and social deviance. I believe eugenic measure lead inevitable to not ethical reasons. Ecumenists believe that by preventing the reproduction of people with degenerate hereditary qualities, the next generation of human will be improved and better the than previous which in some extend can be consider as the evolution of humankind Nonmoral Nature I used to see the nature as kind and full of moral teaching. I think that is because we only observe the nature in that perceptive “learn from nature”. On the other hand, nature can be cruel. The naturally cruel behavior of the “ichneumon fly” and other carnivore animal illustrate that other side of nature (battle, conquest, horror, survival) However, according to natural theology; this view of nature (senseless cruelty in the animal...
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...Sheree Oats Oats 1 April 9, 2012 Dr. April Mcray LIT 2110 Angela Davis, the daughter of an automobile mechanic and a schoolteacher, was born in Birmingham, Alabama, on 26th January 1944. Davis was brought up in an all white neighborhood where segregation was seen in every part of her life. She learned at an early age about racism and the implications that came along with being black. Her high school and college years were filled with many accomplishments. In high school Davis got the opportunity to study at Elizabeth Irwin High School in New York City where she gained an interest in both socialist and communist philosophies. Davis's scholastic achievements earned her a scholarship to Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts. After graduating she became joined the Black Panthers, the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and Ron Karenga's US-Organization. In 1968 she became a member of the Communist Party. (Encyclopedia of World Biography) Angela Davis life took a tragic turn for the worse when she became a public figure for being on the Federal Bureau of Investigation "most wanted Oats 2 criminals" list. On August 7, 1970 Davis was tied to a murder of four individuals who had been gunned down in a Marin County Hall of Justice Courtroom. The guns used in the crime were registered in Davis’s name. According to Davis became only the third woman in...
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