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Stident

In: Computers and Technology

Submitted By tirona123
Words 570
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Ne dhe Kimia !
Objektiva : Te kuptojme lidhjen tone me kimine
Te kuptojme rolin qe luan kimia ne jeten e perditshme
Te kuptojme anen pozitive dhe negatve te elementeve kimik ne mjedis.

Kimia është shkenca ose me saktë ajo e degë e shkencave natyrore që merret me studimin e ndërtimit dhe vetive të materies dhe transformimeve të saj. Është studimi i vetive dhe strukturës së atomeve (duke përfshirë dhe izotopet e tyre të qëndrueshëm apo radioaktive), të përbërjeve dhe molekulave, të përzierjeve dhe të tretësirave, si elemente bazë të natyrës dhe se si ato kombinohen për të formuar stadet e ndryshme të materies që na formojnë në dhe çdo gjë që na rrethon. Njohja e strukturës elektronike të atomeve është baza e kimise konvencionale, ndërsa njohja e strukturës së bërthamës është baza e kimisë bërthamore. Prishja dhe formimi i lidhjeve mes atomeve dhe molekulave janë përgjegjës për transformimin e materies. Fizika, kimia dhe biologjia janë tri shkenca natyrore. Quhen shkenca natyrore meqë studiojnë natyrën d.m.th., botën që na rrethon me të gjitha pasuritë e saj dhe dukuritë e shumta që ndodhin në të. Natyrën e përbëjnë Toka, Dielli, planetët, ajri, uji, mikrogjallesat, bimët, shtazët dhe njeriu. Objekt studimi i kimisë është natyra bashkë me dukuritë që ndodhin në të. Kimia organike është degë e kimisë, qe studion komponimet e karbonit.Ne komponimet organike te karbonit bëjnë pjesë jo vetëm ato komponime që gjenden ne botën e gjallë, por edhe ato komponime qe perfitohen me reaksionet e komponimeve inorganike në ato organike)dhe përfitimi i amoaniakut nga metani(shëndrrimi i konponimeve organike në ato inorganike).
Komponimet organike i karakterizojnë disa veti fizike dhe kimike që i dallojnë nga Komponimet inorganike(tretshmerinë,pika e vlimit dhe e shkrirjes, djegëshmëria, struktura kimike, reaksionet kimike)etj.Komponimet organike i paraqesim me formulë molekulare, racionale te strukturës etj. Në kiminë organike bëjnë pjesë: Komponimet organike të karbonit, Hidrokarburet, Komponimet organike me oksigjen dhe azot (alkoolet) dhe Komponimet organike me rëndësi jetsore.Kimia organike luan rol te rencishem per ekonimine,ne shoqori dhe ne jeten e perditshme.
Komponimet organike të karbonit
Kimia organike është degë e kimise, që studion përbërjen, strukturën, vetitë, reaksionet dhe sintezën e konponimeve të karbonit. Në kiminë organike nuk merren të gjitha Komponimet e karbonit si oksidet e karbonit (CO,CO2), karbonate etj. që bëjnë pjesë në kiminë inoraganike. Kimia organike si shkencë më vete është themeluar vonë, në gjysmën e parë të shek. XIX.
Kimistët para dyqind vjetësh substancat kimike i ndanin në dy grupe: në substanca inorganike që fitoheshin nga bota jo e gjallë dhe organike që fitoheshin nga bota e gjallë. Kimisti suedez Bercelius për herë të parë në vitin 1806 e përmendi termin kimi organike. Sipas tij Komponimet organike përbëhen nga po ato elemente , që përbëjnë Komponimet inogranike, mirëpo Komponimet organike përfitohen vetëm nga organizmat e gjallë. Kjo u quajt ndryshe "teoria vitaliste" (vis-vitalis. Por këtyre mendimeve u dha fund shkenctari gjerman Friedrich Wöhler ku thot qe ai mund ta fitoi uren nga cianati i amoniumit(NH4OCN (aq) -nxehje-> CO(NH2)2(aq)). Tani numri i konponimeve organike të sintetizuara është shume më i madh (mbi 20 milion sosh). Viti 1829 merret si bazë e fillimit të kimisë organike si shkencë. Termi kimi organike përdoret sot e atë ditë dhe ka të bëjë jo vetëm me komponimet organike por edhe me ato konponime inorganike që mund të kthehen në organike me sintetizim në laborator.

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