...ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Research Question: How the credit system and market speculation lead to the infamous Wall Street crashes of 1929 and how they were the main causes of the Great Depression. The Sources: 1. Bierman, Jr., Harold. "Great Crash of 1929." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. 2010. Grolier Online. 21 Feb. 2010 . * This database source gives a brief overview of the Great Crash of 1929, its causes, its effects and the various statistics and figures associated with the Great Crash. This is a secondary source and is reliable as it is written by a professor of Business Administration at Cornell University who has cited credible sources. The source has a non-partisan view point as it details more facts than individual perspective; however any biases that existed would eventually be counterbalanced by other sources. The main limitation of this source is that it is a brief overview of the causes of the Great Crash. The facts presented in this source which will further substantiate my argument in the research paper. 2. Coolidge, Calvin. Address. State of the Union. Capitol Hill, Washington D.C. 4 Dec. 1928. State of the Union Address Library. 4 Mar. 2009. Web. 16 Mar. 2010. . * This speech was given by President Calvin Coolidge on Dec 5, 1928. This speech almost a year before the Great Crash of 1929. He addresses the American public and praises them for their virtues and also glorifies the extent of prosperity in America by claiming that it is something...
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...SAMPLE COPY RESEARCH PROPOSAL PROPOSED RESEARCH TITLE: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE DOWNWARD TREND IN GLOBAL STOCK MARKETS: A CASE STUDY OF THE NIGERIAN STOCK MARKET RESEARCH BRIEF The history of stock trading and trading associations can be traced as far back as the 11th century when Jewish and Muslim merchants set up trade associations. After centuries of evolution, stock markets have become the symbol of commerce in the modern world. It operates in various countries and trades a range of securities. The world stock market capitalisation is estimated to be about $ 36.6 Trillion. The stock market has various functions such as capital mobilisation, investing opportunities, risk distribution etc. The major stock exchanges in the world today include New York Stock Exchange, London Stock Exchange, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Italian Stock Exchange, Hong Kong Stock Exchange and Tokyo Stock Exchange. There have been various stock market crashes in the past such as the Wall Street crash of 1929, the crash of 1973/74, the 1987 crash; called black Monday, the dotcom bubble of 2000 and the more recent crash in 2008 caused by the subprime mortgage crisis in America. The economic crisis of 2008 which originated in America spread to various economies in the world and their stock markets were affected. It reduced the value of stocks around the world by as much as 41% and affected both major and emerging stock markets. The Nigerian stock market is an emerging market in Africa. After...
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...SAMPLE COPY RESEARCH PROPOSAL PROPOSED RESEARCH TITLE: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE DOWNWARD TREND IN GLOBAL STOCK MARKETS: A CASE STUDY OF THE NIGERIAN STOCK MARKET RESEARCH BRIEF The history of stock trading and trading associations can be traced as far back as the 11th century when Jewish and Muslim merchants set up trade associations. After centuries of evolution, stock markets have become the symbol of commerce in the modern world. It operates in various countries and trades a range of securities. The world stock market capitalisation is estimated to be about $ 36.6 Trillion. The stock market has various functions such as capital mobilisation, investing opportunities, risk distribution etc. The major stock exchanges in the world today include New York Stock Exchange, London Stock Exchange, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Italian Stock Exchange, Hong Kong Stock Exchange and Tokyo Stock Exchange. There have been various stock market crashes in the past such as the Wall Street crash of 1929, the crash of 1973/74, the 1987 crash; called black Monday, the dotcom bubble of 2000 and the more recent crash in 2008 caused by the subprime mortgage crisis in America. The economic crisis of 2008 which originated in America spread to various economies in the world and their stock markets were affected. It reduced the value of stocks around the world by as much as 41% and affected both major and emerging stock markets. The Nigerian stock market is an emerging market in Africa. After attaining...
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...SAMPLE COPY RESEARCH PROPOSAL PROPOSED RESEARCH TITLE: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE DOWNWARD TREND IN GLOBAL STOCK MARKETS: A CASE STUDY OF THE NIGERIAN STOCK MARKET RESEARCH BRIEF The history of stock trading and trading associations can be traced as far back as the 11th century when Jewish and Muslim merchants set up trade associations. After centuries of evolution, stock markets have become the symbol of commerce in the modern world. It operates in various countries and trades a range of securities. The world stock market capitalisation is estimated to be about $ 36.6 Trillion. The stock market has various functions such as capital mobilisation, investing opportunities, risk distribution etc. The major stock exchanges in the world today include New York Stock Exchange, London Stock Exchange, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Italian Stock Exchange, Hong Kong Stock Exchange and Tokyo Stock Exchange. There have been various stock market crashes in the past such as the Wall Street crash of 1929, the crash of 1973/74, the 1987 crash; called black Monday, the dotcom bubble of 2000 and the more recent crash in 2008 caused by the subprime mortgage crisis in America. The economic crisis of 2008 which originated in America spread to various economies in the world and their stock markets were affected. It reduced the value of stocks around the world by as much as 41% and affected both major and emerging stock markets. The Nigerian stock market is an emerging market in Africa. After...
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...Length Opinion Paper IJAR-BAE ISSN: 1839-8456 Vol. 01. Issue 03. Article No. 05 International Journal of Applied Research in BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION & ECONOMICS Identifying the Critical Issues of Stock Market: A Study on Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) Md. Moniruzzaman Sarker1*, Nusrat Nargis2* 1 2 Senior Lecturer, School of Business & Economics, United International University, Bangladesh. Senior Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, Daffodil International University, Bangladesh. *Corresponding author’s email: mrajib.sarker@gmail.com, mishu_fin@yahoo.com Article History Received: 19-05-2012 Accepted: 13-06-2012 Available online: 31-07-2012 ABSTRACT Bangladeshi Stock Market has experienced a big crash twice from its inception. In 1996, the market was crashed because of speculative bubble whereas; it was an asset bubble in the year 2011. The stock price was overvalued this time. Price was inflated about 500-700 percent compare to the face value. DGEN Index climbed at point 8918.51 on December 05, 2010 which signaled a steeper bubble. Our study postulates the present scenario of Bangladesh Stock Market through various quantitative and qualitative data which are extracted from the secondary sources. Quantitative data are gathered from the web site of Dhaka Stock Exchange and other qualitative data are collected from published research journals, newspapers, websites etc. This study has revealed that, Gap between the Demand and Supply of stock, extraordinary...
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...2015 Case I: High Frequency Trading Group A6 1 1. Describe the current market structure and trends of US equities trading. The current US equity trading market structure can be evaluated from different perspectives. In light of the actual case study the focus of this brief analysis lies on the way how trades were respectively are actually pursued. Originally - until the late 1970s / early 1980s – trading took place on a physical trading floor. Brokers among floor traders and runners once populated the physical exchanges (Siddaiah, 2009). Nowadays the physical trading floors are not relevant anymore and solely exist as part of an historical brand identity (Ivey, 2014). However, even those traders still present at a physical trading floor, e.g. at the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), rely on electronic support: quote filled computer screens provide information while electronic handhelds are used to eventually execute trades. Since the 1980s electronic trading constantly gained importance. Today virtually 100% of all trades are done electronically or at least with a remarkable amount of computer support. Special servers not only match ‘buy’ and ‘sell’ orders within fractions of a second but are also capable of confirming thousands of individual orders per second. Based on execution speed and power one can rank different electronic trading systems as follows1: (1) Direct Market Access (2) Algorithmic Trading and (3) High Frequency Trading (see Figure 1). Along...
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...Great Depression Causes and Effects Introduction: October 29th, 1929 would be a historical day for United States. It was enter in a new period, which was “The Great Depression” period. Great Depression lasted for 10 years. October 24th is known as the “Black Thursday”, because the amount of selling share stock was tripled. The share prices were lower, which caused the crash of the stock market. The collapse of the stock market was thought to be the main cause of the great depression, but many economists do not think so. Great Depression very quickly was spread all over the world. The Great Depression was a period of high rates unemployment, bankrupting banks, lowering prices, and increasing the uncertainty to American nation. Moreover, it brought big changes in U.S politic, society and culture. In the beginning of the Great Depression Hoover was president of U.S. He made a lot of new reforms in order to face the Great Depression, but they were not successful. People were tired with Robert Hoover’s fail. All they needed was a new leader to get them out of that bed situation. Because of these, in the elections of 1929, most of American citizens voted for the Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt. Roosevelt brought in a lot of changes in economy, politic, social and cultural life of Americans. His major programs were the New Deal (First Hundred Days) and the Second New Deal. These programs were very effective. The number of unemployment rate was lower comparing with...
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...Great Depression Causes and Effects Introduction: October 29th, 1929 would be a historical day for United States. It was enter in a new period, which was “The Great Depression” period. Great Depression lasted for 10 years. October 24th is known as the “Black Thursday”, because the amount of selling share stock was tripled. The share prices were lower, which caused the crash of the stock market. The collapse of the stock market was thought to be the main cause of the great depression, but many economists do not think so. Great Depression very quickly was spread all over the world. The Great Depression was a period of high rates unemployment, bankrupting banks, lowering prices, and increasing the uncertainty to American nation. Moreover, it brought big changes in U.S politic, society and culture. In the beginning of the Great Depression Hoover was president of U.S. He made a lot of new reforms in order to face the Great Depression, but they were not successful. People were tired with Robert Hoover’s fail. All they needed was a new leader to get them out of that bed situation. Because of these, in the elections of 1929, most of American citizens voted for the Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt. Roosevelt brought in a lot of changes in economy, politic, social and cultural life of Americans. His major programs were the New Deal (First Hundred Days) and the Second New Deal. These programs were very effective. The number of unemployment rate was lower comparing with...
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...A STUDY OF FINANCIAL CRISIS AND ITS IMPACT ON STOCK MARKET A MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED TO DHARMSINH DESAI UNIVERSITY FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) SUBMITTED BY CHARMI S. SHAH ROLL NO.: 42 UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Dr. FALGUNI PANDYA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR (FINANCE) CENTRE FOR MANAGEMENT STUDIES DHARMSINH DESAI UNIVERSITY NADIAD 2014 DECLARATION I hereby declare that the project titled “FINANCIAL CRISIS AND ITS IMPACT ON THE STOCK MARKET” is my own work and I have not copied it from somewhere else. The project report is prepared just as a part of partial fulfillment of MBA programme and no other use of this project will be done. MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT is a part of syllabus in MBA programme of CMS – DDU , Nadiad, Gujarat. Name : Charmi S. Shah Signature : Date : 21st February, 2014 CENTRE FOR MANAGEMENT STUDIES DHARMSINH DESAI UNIVERSITY CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the Management Research Project has been Carried Out under the theme “FINANCIAL CRISIS AND ITS IMPACT ON STOCK MARKET”. This report is the bonafide work of Ms. Charmi Shah Roll Number 1542 of MBA Semester IV during the academic year 2012-14. Faculty Guide: Prof. Falguni Pandya Date: 21/02/2014 Head of Department: Dr. Naresh Patel Date:21/02/2014 Preface Practical knowledge by way of research is a step to bride up the gap between the theoretical studies of finance and its practicality in the world. Hence D...
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...Stock market crash of Bangladesh in 2010-11: Reasons & roles of regulators Sangit Saha Degree Thesis Förnamn Efternamn International Business 2012 DEGREE THESIS Arcada Degree Programme: International Business Identification number: Author: Title: 11497 Sangit Saha Stock market crash of Bangladesh in 2010-11: Reasons & roles of regulators Andreas Stenius Supervisor (Arcada): Commissioned by: Abstract: The aim of the thesis is to determine reasons of the stock market crash in Bangladesh in 2010-11 and roles of the regulators and government since the crash took place. The theoretical background of the study includes brief introduction of Bangladesh stock market with its structure and different regulatory and intermediary organizations. It also describes one international stock market crash and stock market crash of Bangladesh in 1996. For the theoretical part investigation report of Khondkar Ibrahim Khaled is used as the main secondary resource. The report helps to get background of the crash with reasons and role of different regulatory and intermediary organizations. Self-administered questionnaire is used to obtain primary data for the study. The author sent 25 questionnaires to employees of broker houses and general investors but 18 replied. The result of the Self-administered questionnaire helped author to find some other reason behind the stock market crash in addition with reasons provided in the investigation report. Moreover...
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...Course No. F 618 Course Title: Financial Markets and Institutions Assignment on “Reasons for Share Market Debacle in 1996 & 2010 and Recommendations for Improvement” Submitted to Dr. Jamal Uddin Ahmed Professor Department of Finance University of Dhaka Submitted by Tahasin Monabil Haq ID No. 21005 Table of contents Topics | Page | Acknowledgement | 3 | What is Stock Exchange? , Features of Stock Exchange | 4-5 | Stock Market in Bangladesh, Securities and Exchange Commission | 5-6 | Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE)& Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE) | 5-6 | Structure of Bangladesh Stock Market & Settlement | 6-7 | Stock market crash in 1996 | 7-8 | Reasons Behind the Stock market crash in 1996 | 8-9 | Stock market crash in 2010 | 09-12 | Reasons behind share market crash (2010) | 12-15 | Suggestions to improve the activities of Stock Market | 16-17 | Conclusion | 17 | References | 18 | | ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all I want to pay my gratitude to the Almighty Allah for helping me in preparing this paper successfully. Secondly, I want to express my gratefulness to our respective faculty, Dr. Jamal Uddin Ahmed, for providing us continuous support and guidelines to prepare a collaborative formal paper. His contribution to us can only be acknowledged but never be compensated. Furthermore, i want to convey my heartiest thanks to my friends and classmates especially who...
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...RISK –RETURN TRADE -OFF ON THE NIGERIAN STOCK EXCHANGE OLOWE, OLUSEGUN BANKING AND FINANCE DEPARTMENT COVENANT UNIVERSITY OTA. NIGERIA E-mail: oreoba2000@yahoo.com oreoba2000@gmail.com 1 ABSTRACT Expected excess returns on bonds and stocks, real interest rates, and risk shift over time in predictable ways. Furthermore, these shifts tend to persist for long period. Changes in investment opportunities can alter the risk-return trade-off of bonds, stocks, and cash across investment horizons, thus creating a term structure of the risk-return trade-off. This term structure can be extracted from a parsimonious model of return dynamics, which was illustrated with data from the stock market in Nigeria using the VAR model in the light of the reforms in the financial services sector coupled with the stock market crash and the global financial crisis. Using annual returns over the period of 1981 to 2008, volatility persistence, asymmetric properties and riskreturn relationship are investigated for the Nigerian stock market visà-vis the calendar effects on stock market performances. The degree of volatility persistence and leverage effect supporting the work of Nelson (1991) was visible in the relationship between value index of stocks, market capitalization and the volume of transactions. Key words: Calendar effect, Volatility, Stock market, Financial Reforms, Global Financial crisis, Volatility persistence, VAR, Risk-return tradeoff 2 INTRODUCTION The major flow...
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...Khair Chibly New Jersey City University This paper was prepared for ESL English Composition 2, taught by Professor Monroe. How did the Great Depression occur? A Review of the Literature The Great Depression The Great Depression was a downfall of the U.S. economy which had gone into a terrible period six months earlier and has been said to have started with a shattering collapse of the stock market prices on the New York Stock Exchange in October 1929. Furthermore, throughout the next three years stock prices in the United States continued to fall, until in late 1932 they had decreased to about 20 percent of their worth in 1929. Ruining many thousands of investors, this swift decline in the price of the assets worried banks and other financial institutions, mainly those who hold stocks in their portfolios. In addition, many banks were forced to be ruin and by 1933, 11,000 of the United States' 25,000 banks had fallen. The failure of so many banks, combined with a general and nationwide loss of confidence in the economy, led to bring down the levels of spending, demand and later of production. The result was enormously falling production and rising unemployment and by 1932, U.S. manufacturing output had fallen to 54 percent of its 1929 level, and unemployment had risen to between 12 and 15 million workers. Cochran (1968) reported that “By this time it was clear that the decline in the economy was accentuated by the crash. Almost all indices were off at an increasing rate”...
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...WP/13/266 Financial and Sovereign Debt Crises: Some Lessons Learned and Those Forgotten Carmen M. Reinhart and Kenneth S. Rogoff WP/13/266 © 2013 International Monetary Fund IMF Working Paper Research Department Financial and Sovereign Debt Crises: Some Lessons Learned and Those Forgotten1 Prepared by Carmen M. Reinhart and Kenneth S. Rogoff Authorized for distribution by Stijn Claessens December 2013 This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. Abstract Even after one of the most severe multi-year crises on record in the advanced economies, the received wisdom in policy circles clings to the notion that high-income countries are completely different from their emerging market counterparts. The current phase of the official policy approach is predicated on the assumption that debt sustainability can be achieved through a mix of austerity, forbearance and growth. The claim is that advanced countries do not need to resort to the standard toolkit of emerging markets, including debt restructurings and conversions, higher inflation, capital controls and other forms of financial repression. As we document, this claim is at odds with the historical track record of...
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...irrelevance of history, magical thinking, quasimagical thinking, attention anomalies, the availability heuristic, culture and social contagion, and global culture. Theories of human behavior from psychology, sociology, and anthropology have helped motivate much recent empirical research on the behavior of financial markets. In this paper I will survey both some of the most significant theories (for empirical finance) in these other social sciences and the empirical finance literature itself. Particular attention will be paid to the implications of these theories for the efficient markets hypothesis in finance. This is the hypothesis that financial prices efficiently incorporate all public information and that prices can be regarded as optimal estimates of true investment value at all times. The efficient markets hypothesis in turn is based on more primitive notions that people behave rationally, or accurately maximize expected utility, and are able to process all available information. The idea behind the term “efficient markets hypothesis,” a term coined by Harry Roberts (1967),1 has a long history in financial research, a far longer history than the term itself has. The hypothesis (without the words This paper was prepared for John B. Taylor and Michael Woodford, Editors, Handbook of Macroeconomics. An earlier version was presented...
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