...COST ACCOUNTING : AN INTRODUCTION Cost Accounting is the classifying, recording, and appropriate allocation of expenditure for the determination of the costs of products or services, and for the presentation of suitably arranged data for the purpose of control and guidance of management. It includes the ascertainment of the cost of every order ,job contract, process, service or unit as many be appropriate. It deals with the cost of production, selling, and distribution. It is thus the provision of such analysis and classification of expenditure as will enable the total cost of any particular unit of production or service to be ascertained with reasonable degree of accuracy and at the same time to disclose exactly how such total cost is constituted( i.e. the value of material used, the amount of labour and other expenses incurred ) so as to control and reduce its cost. According to Wheldon, “Cost accounting is the application of accounting and costing principles , methods and techniques in the ascertainment of costs and the analysis of saving/or excess cost incurred as compared with previous experience or with standards. Thus , cost accounting relates to the classification, ascertainment of cost and its accounting and control relating to the various elements of cost. It establishes budgets and standard cost and actual cost of operations, processes , departments or products and the analysis of variances , profitability and use of funds. Scope of Cost Accounting The terms...
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...Strategic Issues and Problems In light of the economic condition that faced the nation in 2008-2009, Bank of America (BoA), and other financial institutions within the country, faced the problem of how to differentiate themselves, keep their existing customers, and, at the same time, attract new customers. The leadership of the organization identified mobile banking as a new field within the financial services industry to help provide faster, easier, and more convenient services to its customers. Mobile banking offers an opportunity for BoA to increase its operational efficiency and customer retention. The key challenge facing management is both tactical and strategic in nature. From a tactical perspective, management is faced with the problem of deciding which functionality of mobile application the Mobile Product Development Unit of the organization should firstly implement and which other business unit the organization should focus on. From a strategic viewpoint, management is faced with the problem of positioning itself within the industry. The financial services industry is fast-paced with tight competition. As such there is increased pressure on management to position itself in the long-run in order to be able to compete with other major players within the industry. Analysis and Evaluation The financial services industry serves as a vital component of the United States economy. The industry caters to commercial, private, and governmental needs. Historically, Bank of...
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...THE ROLE OF CEO IN THE STRATEGIC PLANNING SYSTEM IN NIGERIAN BANKS BY DR. (MRS.) S. L. ADEYEMI DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to analyze the CEO’s strategic role in the strategic planning system in the Nigerian banking industry. 69 Chief bank planners were selected for the study from banks that are generally considered to be at the leading edge of bank strategic planning in Nigeria. The paper explores the key dimensions of CEO’s participation in and relationship to bank strategic planning. First the impact of the rapidly changing internal and external environment on bank planning was examined. The survey findings indicating the current involvement of banks CEOs in specific dimension of corporate strategic planning are evaluated. However, while CEOs recognise the need, strategic planning has never really caught on as a basic bank management tool. INTRODUCTION The strategic importance of the Chief executive officer (CEO) in big organization is widely recognized. Lorange, (1986). The magnitude of the CEO’s potential impact on the success of an organization highlights the need to more fully understand the ways a firm may attempt to ensure that CEO acts in a manner that maximizes firm success. As every banker in Nigeria is well aware today the changes that have occurred in commercial banking over the years, together with emerging trends in “how business is done have added a new challenging dimension...
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...------------------------------------------------- HSBC Bangladesh: Strategic plan for consolidating market base in commercial banking segment Prepared For Dr. A.K.M Saiful Majid Course Instructor, Strategic Management Prepared By Zahedul Amin, Roll- ZR-33 EMBA Batch 13 Institute of Business Administration, University of Dhaka Background The report will be prepared as part of the course requirement for the Strategic Management course, under the supervision of our esteemed faculty, Dr. Saiful Majid. HSBC Bangladesh has gained significant traction since entering the market in 1998. They have adopted a set of focused strategies enabling them to position themselves as a premium brand in the commercial banking segment. Alongside, they have forayed in the retail and structured financing segment securing spectacular performance. The report intends to focus on recent strategic changes which resulted in HSBC effectively closing retail banking wing. This is the result of the organization’s internal restructuring which led to renewed focus on commercial banking which has higher profitability and lower classified loans. Scope The report will be based on publicly available documents and on Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with company middle-management. The report will make use of previously available internal surveys and studies deemed non-classified by company management. Application of tools learned in the Strategic management course will be selectively applied to further analyze industry and generate strategy...
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...Introduction 1. Banking industry and financial sector Within the global banking industry, financial sector is an important part of overall global economy and is primarily composed of banking institutions, money markets and financial brokers. This sector is considered as a vital component of developed economies such as the USA, UK, Switzerland and Japan. The definition of a retail bank as described by the banking industry is that it operates within the financial institutions offering services such as adjustable rate mortgages, financial derivatives, bank credit and debit cards, electronic banking etc. Theses organizations are also regulated and controlled by industrial standards’ legislation and regulations that should be adhered to, in order to successfully operate in the industry (Bennett Kottasz, 2012). However this sector, that plays a key role in economic integrations of countries (Winder, 2013), had recently shown signs of distress mainly due to uncontrolled lending and unwarranted risk-taking activities (Habib, 2013). In addition, there had been a lack of transparency. Incidents within last decade such as Lehman Brother collapse and financial meltdown of 2008, created lots of ambiguities in understanding banks risks from imitative trading and therefore unwillingness of any bank to trade or lend to any of the bank. In particular these incidents create an uncertain situation where it is difficult to speculate which particular financial organization might unexpectedly...
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...GLOBAL CORPORATE STRATEGY Name Course Instructor School Date Abstract. The report seeks to answer questions relating to Lloyd banking group, an internationally accredited bank that offers several services. Several issues are addressed in the report. The first issue being addressed is the merit and demerits of globalization in the global financial industry. Additionally, the threats and opportunities facing Lloyd Bank are looked at. The second issue being addressed focuses on the role of strategic alliances of mergers and acquisitions in the implementation of the e-banking system. Lastly, the role of corporate governance and corporate social responsibility is addressed. A personnel reflection and a conclusion sum up the paper. Table of Contents Abstract. 2 QUESTION 1: Firms’ Competitiveness in the Global Financial Services Industry 3 Merits of globalization 3 Demerits of Globalisation 4 Opportunities 5 Threats 6 Question two: E-Banking – The Role of Alliances, Mergers, and Acquisitions 7 Question three: Corporate Governance, CSR, and Competitiveness Leadership 12 Question four: Personal Reflections on Learning and Overall Report Presentation 15 Conclusion 16 Reference 17 QUESTION 1: Firms’ Competitiveness in the Global Financial Services Industry Merits of globalization Globalization of financial services has resulted in more banks increasing their consumer or customer base since they can exploit different areas across the world. The perfect example in this case...
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...The University of Jordan Faculty of Business Marketing Strategic Management The University of Jordan Faculty of Business Marketing Strategic Management Marketing Strategic Management Assignment – SWOT Analysis for Islamic International Arab Bank (IIAB) Marketing Strategic Management Assignment – SWOT Analysis for Islamic International Arab Bank (IIAB) Done by: * Dania Done by: * Dania Table of Contents Introduction 3 IIAB Strategic Statement: 3 Vision Statement: 4 Mission Statement: 4 Our Policy Statement: 4 Objective Statement: 5 Strategic Statement: 4 External Environmental Scanning: 5 Macro-Environment & PESTEL Analysis 5 Five forces framework: 7 Market segmentation & Competitor Grouping 9 External Factors Analysis Summary (EFAS) 10 Internal Factors Analysis Summary (IFAS) 11 Stratigic Factors Analysis Summary (SFAS) 13 Introduction The Jordanian banking sector go back to the year 1925, when the Ottoman Bank commenced its operations in the country as the first commercial bank, followed by Arab Bank in 1934 and the British Bank of the Middle East in 1949. The banking sector remained limited to these three banks until 1955, when three new commercial banks were incorporated during the period 1955 - 1960, namely, Jordan National Bank, Jordan Bank, Cairo - Amman Bank in addition to Rafidein Bank, which opened its first branch in Jordan in 1957. The banking sector did not experience any major developments during...
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...ABSTRACT Electronic banking is a subject receiving great attention in the banking industry and the regulation agencies. It is a driving force that is changing the landscape of the banking industry. It has blurred the boundaries between different financial institutions, enabled new financial, products and services and made existing financial services available in different packages. Some analysis argue that electronic banking is revolutionizing the banking industry, others see it as simply complementing the physical banking branches; irrespective of its own merits there are diverse challenges and problems associated with this form of banking in Nigeria. The main research instruments used are questionnaires and personal interview for staff and customers of various banks, primary and secondary method of data collection were used. The simple frequency percentage was adopted as the statistical measure and hypothesis testing was analyzed using chi-square. In conclusion, the study revealed that electronic banking despite its challenges has led to increased efficiency in banking and its service ,cost-reduction in banks, and reduction of waiting time experience in the banks. The research recommended that banks should follow the stipulated electronic banking guidelines of the central bank of Nigeria. Government should accelerate actions that will enable a good environment and the growth of the banking sector. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 BACKGROUND...
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...Short Communications ERP FOR BANKING INDUSTRY Subodh Kesharwani Enterprise Resource Planning application software is appropriate for organizations in all economic sectors including banking industry. This wide applicability is largely possible as ERP offers considerable flexibility to customize the software by tailoring it to the individual organizational needs. In this short review paper, it is attempted to enumerate potential and prospects of ERP system in the banking industry which is generally done after its system integration with other IT and web-enabled banking systems. Downloaded From IP - 115.248.73.67 on dated 30-Nov-2010 Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale www.IndianJournals.com INTRODUCTION Banking broadly covers deposits, lending services and money transmission. Banks play a crucial role in mobilizing and distributing a nation’s wealth to ensure a healthy growing economy. Banks normally have large branch networks, many of them comprising over a thousand branches. A bank customer can an individual or an organization with a current or similar account with the bank (Lipscombe & Pond, 2005). ERP systems in business are typically used with an internal perspective and less with external perspective. However, in banks the applications are more with external perspective as a bank deals with money that is transferred from person to person, from business to business and from country to country. A national banking system consists of thousands of individual...
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...(Alice) Prepared on: 10th September 2015 Summary Background Spain has the largest financial group in Latin America, one of the world's third-largest bank and fourth largest bank profits, as well as international development of the world's most successful bank, which is Spain's Banco Santander. Santander founded in 1857. By the end of 2013, total assets reached 1.1156 trillion euros, net profit of 4.37 billion euros the year. Santander's network around the world, mainly in continental Europe, Latin America and the United Kingdom three major markets. Its business scope relatively broad international business, retail business, the company's business, SME business, asset management, private banking, university finance business, consumer credit. Santander international development started late, but come from behind. In the 1990s, through the implementation of its expansion strategy of large-scale overseas acquisitions, fast emerging as a major international bank. Santander international development a lot of success factors, including the use of special geographical advantages, with European countries and Latin America as a starting point and focus, seize the favorable opportunity to carry out mergers and acquisitions and cooperation, and to enter the local market is a critical step. Manage and operate Santander bank the most importance step is make good strategy by manage this company, through these strategies let customers...
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...SKYE BANK PLC 2013 ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND GOVERNANCE REPORT BY TOLULOPE TCRUZZY SANNI. Skye Bank is a commercial Bank with international banking licence from the CBN. Its primary business focus is in Corporate, Commercial and Retail business segments. The Bank maintains an asset size of over NGN1 trillion, led by a management team with a clear strategic focus and a well diversified banking experience. The Bank has a nation wide distribution platform. It operates in over 240 business offices across Nigeria with 2,555 employees, 597 ATMs and 7212 PoS Skye Bank is an independent banking institution with a broadly diversified shareholding Base, the bank has close to 500,000 shareholders, none owning more than 5% of total Capital. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS Financial Performance Skye bank’s gross earnings fell from 127.730bn in 2012 to 127,340bn in 2013 representing a decrease of 0.3%.Although net operating income grew from 69.845bn to 81.257bn representing a 16% increase. Net interest income grew 39% from 44.502bn to 61.698bn, while non-interest income (net fees,commission and other income) fell 18% from 26.698bn to 22.026bn. The bank’s profit before tax grew by 4% from 16.510bn to 17.136bn. The profit after tax was 16.023bn in 2013 to 12.644bn in 2012. To arrive at this result, the bank grew its total assets by 4% from N1.073.828 Thrillion in 2012 to N1.116.636 Thrillion 2013. Performance Ratios Skye bank’s interest margin reveal a stable focus on traditional activities...
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...STUDENT NAME: FRANKLIN K. MURIITHI REG. NO. 16J03DMBA039 PROGRAMME: MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINSTRATION COURSE: MKT 619- MARKETING MANAGEMENT ASSIGNMENT 1: CASE STUDY 1 TOPIC: A CASE STUDY TO SHOW EQUITY BANK LIMITED COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES This assignment is submitted as partial fulfilment for the award of Master of Business Administration of Africa Nazarene University MONTH: February, 2016 LECTURER: DR. ISAIAH IMAITA A CASE STUDY TO SHOW COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES OF EQUITY BANK LIMITED This case study shows the products development strategies adopted by Equity Bank Limited (EBL) so as to have a competitive advantage over the other players in the banking sector. Primary data was collected through an in-depth interview with the senior management of Equity Bank Limited –Embu Branch using an interview guide, while secondary data was obtained from the National Bank library as well as other studies carried out in the banking sector e.g. Wandate, (2012), Gatome (2012), Njagi, L. & Kombo, H. (2014), Githagui, (2014), Mutua, (2013). Banking Industry in Kenya Competition among commercial banks in Kenya is quite stiff and most players have attained competitive advantages through product and service differentiation in terms of cost and customer experiences Banks have also invested heavily in technological products, processes and institutional changes. Banks have invested in training programmes and employee empowerment practices. Commercial...
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...Int. J. of Human Resource Management 12:2 March 2001 299–310 Strategic human resource management effectiveness and rm performance Orlando C. Richard and Nancy Brown Johnson Abstract This study tests whether strategic human resource management (SHRM) effectiveness signi cantly affects organizational level outcomes. Using the resource-based view of the rm, this study examines the effective use of human capital on organizational performance. Further, the role that a contextual factor – capital intensity – plays in modelling is explored. Results show that SHRM effectiveness signi cantly reduces employee turnover and increases overall market performance assessment. However, SHRM effectiveness affected both rm productivity and return on equity only when moderated by capital intensity. Keywords Human resources; strategy; effectiveness; outcomes. The interest of strategic management in examining the role of human resources as value-added has evolved (Baird and Meshoulam, 1988) to broaden the focus of human resource management research from a micro (i.e. individual effectiveness focus) approach to a macro (i.e. organizational effectiveness focus) or strategic approach (Butler et al., 1991). The strategic human resource management perspective (SHRM) makes evident the importance of human resource practices for organizational performance, such as employee turnover, productivity and nancial performance. The current focus on HRM as integral to rm’s strategic processes involves viewing...
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...Marketing strategy effectiveness in Nigerian banks Abstract: Motivated by the substantial changes in the Nigerian banking industry, a survey research was designed to assess the effectiveness of the marketing strategies used by Nigerian banks to cope with the changes in the industry. Overall results from the study show encouraging levels of effectiveness in many dimensions of composite marketing strategies. The findings were discussed along the relevant dimensions of the research, and managerial recommendations were made for efficient and effective marketing strategies in Nigerian banks. Subject: Sales management (Social aspects) Sales management (Political aspects) Goal setting (Social aspects) Goal setting (Political aspects) Public relations agencies (International marketing) Public relations agencies (Political activity) Public relations agencies (International trade) Public relations agencies (Social aspects) Public relations agencies (Political aspects) Marketing (Social aspects) Marketing (Political aspects) Liquidity (Finance) (Social aspects) Liquidity (Finance) (Political aspects) Decision-making (Social aspects) Decision-making (Political aspects) Marketing executives (Surveys) Marketing executives (Political activity) Marketing executives (Social aspects) Marketing executives (Political aspects) Distribution channels (Political aspects) Distribution channels (Social aspects) Marketing research (Social aspects) Marketing research (Political...
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...Company Report: Strategy Evaluation 8 February 2013 Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Industry: Banking and Financial Services in Australia 4 Overview 4 PESTLE 5 Porter’s Five Forces of Competition 6 Firm: Westpac 7 Overview 7 McKinsey’s 7 S Framework 7 Competition Analysis 11 Blue Ocean Analysis 13 SMSF and Strategy Recommendations 13 What is a SMSF? 13 Three tiers of Non-Customers 13 Strategic Canvas – SMSF 14 3 Keys to Success: Tagline, Focus and Differentiation 14 Option 1 14 VRIO 15 Option 2 15 VRIO 15 Appendix 17 Industry Analysis Charts 17 Porters 5 Forces Analysis Detail 20 Westpac Strategic Priorities 22 Material issues 23 Executive Summary Westpac Bank is Australia’s first Bank, founded in 1817 and is currently one of the “big four” group of lending banks in Australia. Listed on the stock exchange in 1970, Westpac has a history of acquisitions, notably the recent (2008) purchase of St George, which contributes 19% of Westpac’s Cash Earnings. Westpac has a market capitalisation of $76.5 billion in an industry with an overall value of $208.6 billion, or roughly 10% of Australia’s GDP. The financial services industry in Australia is an Oligopoly, with the big four banks accounting for over 80% of the market. A mature market, players are converging, and the industry is forecast to grow at around 8% year on year to 2018. Competition in this industry is fierce, though there is also speculation that there may be significant price signaling...
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