...Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1067441 1 Vision into Action: Infosys Technologies Arpita Saha1 Abstract: Infosys is one of the world¡¦s most respected companies. It is one of those companies which have changed the way India is perceived in the global purview. Since its inception Infosys¡¦ founder members shared the vision of becoming a globally recognized organization providing high quality business solutions. Infosys is regarded as a highly respected organization because of the set of values which drive them; like the integrity and transparency with which they conduct themselves, their customer friendliness and their exemplary leadership. This article delves into the company¡¦s growth path and the role played by their vision and mission in their progress. Introduction Infosys is the world leader in providing high quality Information Technology and software services to its clients globally. Infosys is one of the companies which spearheaded the software services outsourcing strategies. Offshore outsourcing is a process in which an external organization is contracted to execute some task in an outside territory. And this has several advantages for the organizations which outsource. Infosys delivers offshore IT and software services like infrastructure support, application development, IT consulting, re-engineering and other services like setting up software development centers at different locations for their clients. Adding another feather...
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...Strategic Management & Business Policy, 13e (Wheelen/Hunger) Chapter 1 Basic Concepts in Strategic Management 1) Strategic management is one decision that determines the short-term performance of a corporation. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 5 Topic: The Study of Strategic Management 2) In the externally oriented planning phase, plans are developed by heavily involving the input of managers from lower levels. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 Topic: The Study of Strategic Management 3) General Electric led the transition from strategic planning to strategic management during the 1980s. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6 Topic: The Study of Strategic Management 4) One of the benefits of strategic management is a clearer sense of vision for the firm. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6 Topic: The Study of Strategic Management 5) To be effective, strategic management must be a formal process. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 7 Topic: The Study of Strategic Management 6) Globalization is the internationalization of markets and corporations. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 8 Topic: Globalization and Environmental Sustainability: Challenges to Strategic Management 7) As more industries become global, strategic management is becoming less important in positioning a company for long-term competitive advantage. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8 Topic: Globalization and Environmental Sustainability: Challenges to Strategic Management ...
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...QCF LEVEL 7 EXTENDED DIPLOMA IN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT & LEADERSHIP STRATEGIC CHANGE MANAGEMENT ASSIGNMENT UNIT: STUDENT NAME : COLLEGE ID : TUTOR : SUBMISSION DATE : WORD COUNT : TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction …………………………………………………………………………… 03 LO1. Understand the background to organizational strategic change 1.1 Discuss a minimum of three established models of strategic change, highlighting the differences in approach. 1.2 Evaluate the relevance of models of strategic change, and using examples from organizations, Explain why the models for change are appropriate in their selected examples. 1.3 Assess the value of using strategic intervention techniques that are used in organizations. LO2. Understand issues relating to strategic change in an organization 2.1 Examine the need for strategic change in an organization. 2.2 Show an understanding of the forces that are impacting on an organization and driving the need for Change. 2.3 Assess the resource implications of the organization not responding to strategic change. It is Expected that learners will assess the relevant financial, human and physical resources. LO3. Be able to lead stakeholders in developing a strategy for change 3.1 Develop systems to involve stakeholders in the planning of change. The systems need to be Appropriate...
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...Introduction The aim of this report is to analyse the strategic change management in Business Development Club. This club is intended to bridge the gap between management, policy-making departments and the various levels of employees who are not directly involved in management discussions. This report addresses about models of strategic change and then discuss relevance models of change in the current economy. Furthermore intervention techniques these key areas which mentioned sequentially. This report mentions about the need for strategic change in the Club and also describes the factor which one driving for change. Furthermore, explains the resources implications which one not responding to the change. In addition, Moreover discuss about stakeholder strategy, the system to involve stakeholders in the planning of change and then evaluation. Finally, develop appropriate model for this change programme and plan the implementation of a model for change and look at the measures to monitor the progress of this change. Strategic Change Management A process involves developing an innovative vision for where the company needs to be, and then developing an equally innovative path for achieving the goals. This is a systematic approach to dealing with change both from perspectives of an organisation and on the individual level. Change management can be defined by three main components: adapting to change, handling the change and effectively putting...
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...remark “Business objectives are accomplished when human resource practice, procedures and systems are developed and implemented based on organisational needs, that is, when a strategic perspective to human resource management is adopted.” (Armstrong, M.,2008, pg 33) . This journal will explore on the principals of human resource management, analysis of its concepts, models and framework. Explanation of HRM process and build up of strategies. The journal ends with an assessment of roles in strategic HRM. Strategic Human Resource Management (HRM) can be defined as the way through which the organizational goals will be achieved by the people with the help of HR strategies, policies and practices. (Armstrong, M., 2008, pg 33). Other definitions of Strategic Human Resource Management are as follows:- “Strategic Human Resource Management means formulating and executing human resource policies and practices that produce the employee competencies and behaviors that company needs to achieve its strategic aims” – Garry Dessler (Durai,P.,2010,pg 24) “Strategic Human Resource Management is a pattern of planned human resource developments and activity intended to enable a firm to achieve its goals “ – G.C.MacMahan (Durai,P.,2010,pg 24). Models of Strategic Human Resource Management The Harvard model :- The Harvard model was put forward by Michale Beer, Richard Walton, Quinn Mills, P. Lawrence and Bert Spector which draws attention towards the soft aspect of HRM. It lays emphasis on the...
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...LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES ABSTRACT This descriptive study of 184 small firms identified strategies most frequently used by their managers. These strategies were identified using the Entrepreneurial Strategy Matrix, a situational model in which the identification of levels of innovation and risk lead to prescriptions of appropriate strategies. Concurrently, this model was empirically tested and its validity supported. Of the strategies used, the five most common were: “work to create a competitive advantage,” “maintain innovation,” “lower the costs of developing and/or maintaining one’s venture,” “defend product/service as it is now,” and “create a first mover advantage.” In addition, there were no differences between the use of strategies by entrepreneurs in service and manufacturing industries. CHAPTER 1 – THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION There is a comprehensive body of literature on strategic planning (Porter 1996), the effects of strategic planning on performance (Veliyath and Shortell 1993), and the effects of strategic planning on small business performance (Covin and Slevin 1991; Watts and Ormbsy 1990). Much of the research on the effects of strategic planning on small business performance focuses on comparing differences between those that conduct formal planning and those that do not (Robinson and Pearce 1983). However, this study found no empirical investigations that focus on non-formal small business entrepreneurial...
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...will evaluate two pear reviewed articles conducted on the field of business. The first article is strategy written by David, Gary, and Amy in 1997 in Strategic Management Journal. The second one is strategic planning by Michael E Porter. It was published in 1996 in Harvard Business Review. The paper will analyze the research to evaluate the research process considering application of the literature review, ethical consideration and statistical analysis significance. The paper will also analyze the conclusion to determine the effectiveness of the study. When writing any research, there are some critical steps that an individual have to remember. The first critical step is to identify the objectives of the study. Each study has defined objectives that guide the researcher. The objectives enable the researcher to stick to the topic and avoid collecting irrelevant data. In the above articles, the researcher begins with outlining the objective of the studies before introducing the research question. It enables the reader to understand the aim of the study through knowing what the researcher want to find out. The articles named above have objectives that are closely related to one another. It is because the two groups of researcher were studying topics that are related. The strategy as written by David, Gary, and Amy in Strategic Management Journal, has its defined objectives. The objectives of the authors are to test the exposure of managers regarding...
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...Golding, N (2007) in Beardwell, I., Claydon, T. & Beardwell,J. Human Resource Management: A Contemporary Approach, 5th Edition, Pearson Exploring the Relationship between Strategic Management and SHRM: The Best-Fit School of SHRM The Best-Fit (or contingency) school of SHRM explores the close link between strategic management and HRM, by assessing the extent to which there is vertical integration between an organisation’s business strategy and its HRM policies and practices. This is where an understanding of the strategic management process and context can enhance our understanding of the development of SHRM, both as an academic field of study and in its application in organisations. The notion of a link between business strategy and the performance of every individual in the organisation is central to ‘fit’ or vertical integration. Vertical integration can be explicitly demonstrated through the linking of a business goal to individual objective setting, to the measurement and rewarding of that business goal. Vertical integration between business strategy or the objectives of the business and individual behaviour and ultimately individual, team and organisational performance is at the core of many models of SHRM. Inherent in most treatments of fit is the premise that organisations are more efficient and /or effective when they achieve fit relative to when a lack of fit exists (Wright & Snell 1991:757) . This vertical integration or ‘fit’ where ‘leverage’ is gained through...
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...Strategic Management & Business Policy, 12e (Wheelen/Hunger) Chapter 1 Basic Concepts in Strategic Management 1) Strategic management is one decision that determines the short-term performance of a corporation. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 5 Topic: The Study of Strategic Management 2) In the externally oriented planning phase, plans are developed by heavily involving the input of managers from lower levels. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 Topic: The Study of Strategic Management 3) General Electric led the transition from strategic planning to strategic management during the 1980s. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6 Topic: The Study of Strategic Management 4) One of the benefits of strategic management is a clearer sense of vision for the firm. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6 Topic: The Study of Strategic Management 5) To be effective, strategic management must be a formal process. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 7 Topic: The Study of Strategic Management 6) Globalization is the internationalization of markets and corporations. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 8 Topic: Globalization and Environmental Sustainability: Challenges to Strategic Management 7) As more industries become global, strategic management is becoming less important in positioning a company for long-term competitive advantage. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8 Topic: Globalization and Environmental Sustainability: Challenges to Strategic Management ...
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...at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Business Research Antecedents and outcomes of strategic thinking Byeong-Joon Moon ⁎ Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea, School of Management, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t This study focuses on the factors that influence strategic thinking at the organizational level. Based on previous research on strategic thinking in diverse management fields including marketing strategy, strategic management, and human resource management, this research provides a hypothetical model that links the firm's internal and external variables regarding strategic thinking at the organizational level, which in turn links to marketing performance. The results of empirical analysis provide evidence that the attitude of firms' management toward risk taking, the CEO's emphasis on strategic thinking, interdepartmental teams in the organization, and marketing competency foster strategic thinking at the organizational level, but formalization in the organizational structure impedes it. Contrary to the proposed hypotheses, centralization in the organizational structure is positively related to strategic thinking at the organizational level. The results also show that market turbulence and technological turbulence foster strategic thinking at the organizational level and there is a positive relationship between strategic thinking and marketing performance. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Article...
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...The Top Manager-Adviser Relationship in Strategic Decision Making during Executive Life Cycle: Exploring the Impediments to Strategic Change ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine how strategy persistence would be induced from top manager-adviser relationships in strategic decision making during executive life cycle. Prior studies have shown that a top manager’s tenure is characterized as inverted U-shaped relationship between a top manager’s tenure and organizational performance that a top manager is effective during initial time in office, but as a span of top manager’s tenure become long, organizational performance is decline. However, little has been known about the reason of the inverted U-shaped relationship. To investigate this question, we apply the concept of the decision maker-adviser model to the argument. Upper echelons theorists have found that the top executives are critical to shaping the characteristics of the firm. However, since this research stream has emphasized on the decision making of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) or Top Management Team (TMT), relational aspects of strategic decision making between top managers and adviser have not been sufficiently argued. In response to this theoretical gap, we will discuss the relational aspect of strategic decision making between top managers and advisers. Keywords: Upper echelons theory, executive life cycle, decision maker-adviser model. INTRODUCTION Over the past 20 years, growing evidence...
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...a plan into action and executing it. Thus implementation is the key to performance, given an appropriate strategy. In literature, implementation has been defined as “the process by which strategies and policies are put into action through the development of programs, budgets and procedures” (Wheelan and Hunger pp15). This involves the design or adjustment of the organisation through which the administration of the enterprise occurs. This includes changes to existing roles of people, their reporting relationships, their evaluation and control mechanisms and the actual flow of data and information through the communication channels which support the enterprise (Chandler 1962; Hrebiniak and Joyce 2005). Evolution The field of Strategic management has grown in the last thirty five years developing into a discipline in its own right. Borrowing extensively from Economics and Social sciences, it is still fragmented by the presence of number of distinct schools of thought, diversity in underlying theoretical dimensions and lack of disciplined methodology. The fragmentation is due to...
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...Strategic Management of Human Resources Section A: (Take around 15 minutes to answer each question, 1 or max 1.5 pages for each question) 1. What do we mean by the terms ‘Best fit’ and ‘Best practice’ to describe SHRM (Strategic Human Resource Management). Which is better? Use any short case examples to illustrate your discussion? The best answers will be offering a sharp definition, discussion of the key differential factors associated with the models and a critique of the issues and tensions organizations face. The best answers will introduce the strategy process behind the models, planning, competence and the flow from the business strategy. They will be able to focus around the vision of the organization the values and how this is worked through with better examples. 2. How are Human Resource Departments responding to the challenge of SHRM? Answers will use the Ulrich or similar framework and assessing the challenges HR faces with respect to becoming strategic actors and business partners. They will be able to offer more contemporary information / discussion updating progress toward becoming business partners and change agents with some examples beyond the basic module guide. This will offer a critical and challenging view point. They will offer a comprehensive update on what it means to measure HR value added, develop the function around consultancy and basic service functions and be able to offer more on audit and the relationship with other line...
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...Military University Abstract Porter’s Five Forces Model is a holistic approach towards competitive strategy. The model provides a framework for the strategic direction of management teams that are seeking an edge over their competitors and additional factors that may undermine profits. The model displays the dynamics between the competitive rivals, buyer’s bargaining power, suppliers, new entrant’s threat and substitutes. The implementation of Porter’s Five Forces Model is crucial on international business practice in order to establish a successful overseas operation and reduce cost of expansion. Global business expansion has become a common practice. Modern organizations are prone to take advantage of international attractive markets that are highly profitable and offer incentives for foreign companies. Implementation of the model increases the chances of success for firms that are considering branching out or simply starting a new company overseas. The Company’s management strategic vision also benefits from Porter’s Model because it points out the forces that affect the organization’s profitability. However, Porter’s modeling techniques have some limitations such as the absence of providing meaningful advice for preventive actions and profitability based solely on fighting competitors without taking in consideration opportunities of competitive strategic alliances. In conclusion, Porter’s Five Forces Model influences the profitability, product prices, costs...
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...Strategic Leadership In An Organizational Change Process Management Essay 10/12/15 13:51 Strategic Leadership In An Organizational Change Process Management Essay The following essay will critically discuss the role of strategic leadership in an organizational change process using relevant theories and example. The objective of this paper is to come up with a solution of the many challenges that occur in the process of organizational change through implementing proper leadership. Organizational change refers to a situation whereby an organization adopts a new strategy in the way it carries out its activities and management for better or removes a major section or an operational department (McNamara, 2011). Strategic leadership on the other hand refers to the implementation of strategies in the management of workers in any organization. Organizations always go through change, at times gradual and other times drastic throughout their normal life cycle whereby organizational leaders may create change driving forces within the organization. For example, radical changes may take place in an organization leading to structural transformation through which organizations attempt to revitalize business orientations through changing the reporting structure. Other changes, for instance, merger and acquisition, transforming the top management of an organization, reorganization and restructuring of the company may affect the organization culture and processes. Most of these...
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