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Stroop Effect

In: Philosophy and Psychology

Submitted By Samm96
Words 1169
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Automatization and the Stroop Effect
Abstract, we intend to investigate the effects of the stroop effect and the validity of these findings. We anticipated that it would take longer for participants to perform the second task more than the first task. This is what occurred in the experiment. There were 20 people picked using opportunity Sampling used in this experiment and we found that it took longer for people to decipher the colour when it was not linked to the word.
When a behaviour or skill seems to no longer require direct interaction, cognitive psychologists say it is automatized. Many behaviours can become automatized: typing, reading, writing to name just a few. To explore properties of automatized behaviours cognitive psychologists often put observers in a situation where an automatized response is in conflict with the desired behaviour. This allows researchers to test the behind-the-scenes properties of automatized behaviours by noting their influence on more easily measured behaviours. This demonstration explores a well-known example of this type of influence, the Stroop effect. Stroop (1935) noted that observers were slower to properly identify the colour of ink when the ink was used to produce colour names different from the ink. That is, observers were slower to identify red ink when it spelled the word blue. This is an interesting finding because observers are told to not pay any attention to the word names and simply report the colour of the ink. However, this seems to be a nearly impossible task, as the name of the word seems to interfere with the observer's ability to report the colour of the ink. A common explanation for the Stroop effect is that observers have automatized the process of reading. Thus, the colour names of the words are always processed very quickly, regardless of the colour of the ink. On the other hand, identifying colours is not a task that observers have to report on very often, and because it is not automatized it is slower. The fast and automatic processing of the colour name of the word interferes with the reporting of the ink colour. The Stroop task, and its many variations, are a commonly used tool in cognitive psychology to explore how different types of behaviours interact. The experiment uses a Stroop experiment, found on the internet, to investigate the properties of automization.
The aim of our experiment is to look at the overall correlation of the stroop effect and the validity of his findings that stroop found in terms of automatization

Method
Null Hypothesis: There will be no relationship between the results of matchings and different images. Alternative Hypothesis: There will be a relationship between the results – second set will take longer than the first task
Independent Variable: The time it takes to complete a single test. Dependent Variable: The information on the screen. Participant Selection: Participants were 20 people, picked by Opportunity Sampling.
A ten-word sample was read by the participants before the first reading of each test. The instructions were to read as quickly as possible and to leave no errors uncorrected.
The people did the test in their own time, using computers and the website www.faculty.washington.edu/chudler/words.html where they read the instructions and followed the prompts to interactive Stroop experiment. The stroop experiment consisted of the first set of words, written in the colour same as their meaning, ie black written in black
The second set, where the words’ meanings were different to the colour they were written in. The instructions were to say the colour of the ink that each word was written in, and record the time it takes to complete one list.
The times it took were then recorded

Results Participant | Experiment A time (s) | Experiment B time (s) | 1 | 8.9 | 25.2 | 2 | 9.8 | 21.9 | 3 | 8.3 | 16.6 | 4 | 19.4 | 26.6 | 5 | 15.3 | 30.5 | 6 | 8.5 | 24.3 | 7 | 9.6 | 18.6 | 8 | 15 | 25.5 | 9 | 14.7 | 33.6 | 10 | 19.9 | 24.5 | 11 | 13.6 | 29.6 | 12 | 12.6 | 14.7 | 13 | 13 | 22.4 | 14 | 17.1 | 28 | 15 | 16.9 | 21 | 16 | 11.1 | 18.8 | 17 | 14.4 | 23.2 | 18 | 17.3 | 21.5 | 19 | 18.8 | 27.5 | 20 | 12.2 | 25.8 |

Table
C:\Users\Sam\Downloads\20160229073448.jpg
Discussion
We found that all participants were quicker at performing experiment one than experiment 2 The results do support the Psychological research, conducted by Stroop. The observers have automatized the process of reading. Thus, the colour names of the words are always processed very quickly, regardless of the colour of the ink. On the other hand, identifying colours is not a task that observers have to report on very often, and because it is not automatized it is slower. The fast and automatic processing of the colour name of the word interferes with the reporting of the ink colour The difference in time for naming colours and reading colour names has been variously explained. Cattell (1886) and Lund (1927) have attributed the difference to 'practice.' Brown (1915) concluded "that the difference in speed between colour naming and word reading does not depend upon practice" but that "the association process in naming simple objects like colours is radically different from the association process in reading printed words."
A limitation of the way we carried out this experiment was that the participant could claim that they did the experiment but they could just click finish to claim that they did the experiment, however judging by the correlation being constant throughout this may not have occurred. To counter he chance of this in future tests, we could ask the participants to say the colour, however due to the increased pressure this would put the participant under it may increase the likelihood of mistakes due to increased anxiety.
This experiment shows that peoples handling to tasks is automatized and that if they have tasks that are not commonplace they struggle more and therefore take longer to complete. To further this research we could examine mistakes and errors in peoples automatization by getting them to say or write down the colour on a larger scale e.g with 50 words as opposed to 10.
References and Appendix www.faculty.washington.edu/chudler/words.htm 1 more
Results
CONTROL STROOP EFFECT P1 8.9 25.2 P2 9.8 21.9 P3 8.3 16.6 P4 19.4 26.6 P5 15.3 30.5 P6 8.5 24.3 P7 9.6 18.6 P8 15 25.5 P9 14.7 33.6 P10 19.9 24.5 P11 13.6 29.6 P12 12.6 14.7 P13 13 22.4 P14 17.1 28 P15 16.9 21 P16 11.1 18.8 P17 14.4 23.2 P18 17.3 21.5 P19 18.8 27.5 P20 12.2 25.8 P21 8.9 18

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