...FACING UNIVERSITY TRAINED STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN KENYA. BY BETT BARNABAS EDU/PGT/09/07 A PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY IN TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION (BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING OPTION) DEPARTMENT OF TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION SCHOOL OF EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF ELDORET APRIL, 2014 DECLARATION DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE This proposal is my original work and has not been presented for any award in any other university. No part of this work may be submitted without my permission. NAME: BETT BARNABAS……………………………. REGN.NO:.…EDU/PGT/09/07……………………….. SIGNATURE:………………………. DECLARATION BY SUPERVISORS This proposal has been submitted for examination with our approval as university supervisors. NAME: Dr. KYALO……………………….. SIGNATURE:…………………. DATE:…………………………. NAME:…DR. DIMO……………………… SIGNATURE:…………………… DATE:……………………………. DEDICATION. It is my pleasure to dedicate this work to my family whose efforts have made me proud, with all the stresses through the course work and writing of this proposal they have been on my side. ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to determine the challenges facing university trained structural engineers in the construction...
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...institution” (Strong & Cohen, 2014, p. 39). “A social institution is the organized pattern of statuses and structures, roles and rules by which a society attempts to meet certain of its basic needs “(Strong & Cohen, 2014, p. 39). Macro-level theories examine the how the family is influenced by society. Family ecology theory, structural functionalism theory, conflict theory, and feminist perspective are all example of Macro-level theories. Micro-level Theories emphasize what happens within families. The theories take into account everyday behavior, interaction between family members, and patterns of communication. Symbolic interaction theory, social exchange theory, and family systems theory are examples of Micro-level theories. This reaction report will discuss two of the “Theoretical Perspectives on Families:” the structural functionalism theory and the social exchange theory and provide modern day examples of these theories. Structural Functionalism Theory “The structural functionalism theory is a framework for building a theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability” ("Structural," 2015, p. 1). This means that the family consists of several members that performs different tasks and must be functioning properly for the well- being of the whole family. The theory further states that each family performs four main functions namely, sex, procreation, economic and socialization. In every family, the father...
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...The South African Competition Act of 1998, implemented on 1 September 1999, establishes a range of criteria for evaluating mergers and company practices that are deemed to harm economic efficiency, among other objectives. In particular, the Act prohibits a range of practices if the firm is ‘dominant’, including charging an ‘excessive price’, engaging in an ‘exclusionary act’, or price discrimination (Sections 8 and 9). ‘Dominance’ is defined as having at least a 45 percent market share, or less than 45 percent if the firm has market power (Section 7). A range of horizontal and vertical restrictive practices are also prohibited (Sections 4 and 5). For the implementation of the Act the links between structure and behaviour are therefore extremely important. This paper seeks to explore these relationships in a particular industrial sector, that of plastics, and in so doing to highlight issues in the implementation of competition policy. Plastics manufacture covers a supply chain or filière which runs from polymers to finished plastic products. a range of industries such as motor vehicles, packaging, textiles and clothing, construction and furniture. This implies that plastic products are more important in the development of manufacturing than their share of manufacturing production of 2.8 percent would suggest. The levels in the supply chain differ...
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...Enron Leadership Orientations Case Analysis Enron’s company culture will be evaluated using four leadership frameworks: Structural, Political, Human resource, and Symbolic. The structural framework will evaluate the architectural and structural design of the organization, its units and subunits, roles and rules, goals and policies. The political framework will evaluate the struggles Enron faced for power and advantage and the competitiveness and scarce resources that create challenge. The human resource framework will evaluate the understanding and importance of the people in the organization. Finally, the symbolic framework will evaluate the culture at the heart of the organization assessing the rituals, ceremonies, stories and faith of the organization. Structural Framework A major focus of Enron over the 17 years that Ken Lay ran the corporation was to “get big fast”. Daft (2013) teaches us that large size is a typical contingency factor of a mechanistic design (p.31). Since Enron’s organizational structure was organic as, opposed to mechanistic, it became difficult for leadership to maintain control and to guide the company in their desired direction. The decentralized structure used by Enron lead to the top leadership losing control of their employees. Jeff Skilling was able to demand risky market-to-market accounting practices, which eventually dried out Enron’s cash flow. Later on, “prima donna traders or deal-makers that demanded promotions” overruled Ken Lay and...
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...Moreover, although not inherently deterministic, he postulated that the construct of the free enterprise framework, what he termed as the ‘superstructure’, was built around two opposing classes. Principally, the bourgeoisie, owners of the means of production and capital, and the proletariat who were required to sell their labour to accrue wages or salaries. Marx contended that labour was the source of worth for the latter, which primarily produced ‘surplus value’ that was scrupulously claimed by the former as profit (Abercrombie et al. 2006,...
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...Urinary tract infections are common infections prevalent in bole males and females around the world. I am going to explain to you what an urinary tract infection (UTI) is, how it relates to the Helene Feld School of Nursing (HFSON) Conceptual Framework, nursing roles that relate to urinary tract infections, a care plan for urinary tract infection and evidence-based practice related to urinary tract infections. The urinary tract is composed of: two kidneys, two ureters, a bladder, a prostate (in men only) and an urethra; therefore an UTI is an infection of any of the foregoing organs, ducts and/or gland. Urinary tract infections vary depending on the location in the urinary tract and can be caused by a variety of mechanisms. The various factors...
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...Before Ebola had a diagnosis, the interactions between the individuals amongst each other as well as from village to village and country to country stayed the same. It was not until the World Health Organization came into the villages and began to isolate those who were infected and those who were suspects that the interactions started to change. Once the Ebola hospitals were full people who had contracted the virus were out on the streets in the slums; this caused more people to become infected. The people became outraged and started to push back against the people there to help them with this disease. In one case the people overthrow the Ebola clinic from the school house that it was house. They removed dead bodies as well as clothes, sheets, and mattresses with their bare hands and walked through blood without shoes. Due to the lack of knowledge about the Ebola virus, the individuals did not know that were actually infecting themselves. At one point the different countries governments set up military forces out on the ground in order to subdue the acts of the people, but after a while that did not even work. Furthermore, based on West African traditions, mourners would spend hours with the corpuses washing them and preparing them for burial. This caused many individuals to become infected as well. After the World Health Organization along with the countries of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone declared...
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...Pico School Analysis What is the foundation of effective leadership? Reshaping the Path to School Leadership offers insight into the elements of school leadership by offering a case study through the political, human resource, symbolic, and structural frames. Analyzing this school and its framework offers the reader an opportunity to grow in leadership through the journey at Pico School. As the new principal and teacher begin to understand the structure of the school, they come to understand the norms in each frame of leadership. In the political frame the new principal, Jamie, becomes disappointed when his speech is not well received regarding the new school year. He had inadvertently offended veteran teachers with his personal vision statement before understanding the school’s status quo, which had been an environment of complacency. The human resources frame was an environment of severe concern with the new principal. He noticed signs of hostility varying from ethnic slurs to anonymous letters attacking him. As the year progressed, this frame was in a continuous state of flux. The system of structure continued to change throughout the school year, particularly the discipline program and the NCLB policies. As expectations changed, teachers were openly resistant and felt threatened. This norm needed to be addressed in order to begin the process of moving on from the constant presence of his reputation. The symbolic frame is present in the form of the former principal...
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...My essay will be making justified recommendations to the sport of Badminton’s general reputation by using statistics of Australian Children’s participation with references to the individual, interpersonal and institutional levels of Figueroa’s framework. Figueroa’s Framework is a structural foundation developed by Professor Peter Figueroa. His theory focuses on the different factors affecting an individual with regards to participation in health and physical activity such as a person’s race. His framework investigates social factors such as Individual, Interpersonal, Institutional, Structural and Cultural level of influence, of which are all connected in one way or another. The Individual level focuses on the individual’s personal values,...
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...Negotiation Theory Types of Negotiation Table of contents 1. Introduction 2. Negotiation Theory: Foundations and Approaches 2.1. Basic concepts of negotiation 2.2. Negotiation approaches: An overview 2.2.1. Structural approach 2.2.2. Strategic approach 2.2.3. Behavioral approach 2.2.4. Processual approach 2.2.5. Integrative approach 2.3. Summary of approaches 3 Types of Negotiation Negotiation Theory and Practice: A Review of the Literature “major public policies are the outcome of a complex round of negotiation between interests, choices between values and competition between resources… there are no single ‘best’ options for any player in this game, for the ‘best’ outcome depends on what others do and what deals are possible.” (Davis et.al., 1993) 1. INTRODUCTION “Pure” conflict defined as the existence of competing interests between parties in absence of interests that are shared, is an anomaly in international relations where the defining feature of the relationship between states is mutual dependence. Such was the observation of Thomas Schelling, noted international economist, during the height of the Cold War. In the decades that have since transpired, globalizing developments in technology, communications, finance and trade have given rise to a world in which citizens, organizations and governments engage in millions of trans-national interactions on a daily basis. In the modern age, the need...
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...“The World Bank and IMF exploit and oppress the "developing" countries for the benefit of the rich. In this scheme, their partners in crime are the big Western banks and financial institutions. Simply abolishing the IMF and World Bank is not enough. We need to break the power of the big banks that carry out the same exploitative policies as the IMF and World Bank do in relation to the less developed world.”- CWI, socialistworld.net Introduction Marginalization can be defined as the process in which groups of people are excluded (marginalized) by the wider society. Marginalization is often used in an economic or political sense to refer to the rendering of an individual, an ethnic or national group, or a nation-state powerless by a more powerful individual (ask.com, 2014). The process whereby something or someone is pushed to the edge of a group and accorded lesser importance. This is predominantly a social phenomenon by which a minority or sub-group is excluded, and their needs or desires ignored (Businessdictionary.com, 2014). As per UNLDC report, a number of countries are being marginalized on the basis of economic exploitation (Table 1). Why World Bank programs fail? According to Johnson & Sheehy, a majority of World Bank loan and grant recipients do not ave significant level of economic freedom (Table 2) and such nature prevents countries to utilize the loan or grant. • Of the 60 long-term recipients of World Bank aid, 37 have economies that are “mostly not free”...
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...to encourage all people, regardless of age, gender, disability or ethnic origin to participate in and develop their potential within sport and in particular, volleyball. Disputes over equity have been apparent in our society for hundreds of years, over such things as gender, religion or race. A framework developed by Figueroa deals...
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...- University of Witwatersrand’s Urban Framework Design Development Analysis in its Architectural Design Concepts and Strategies. Buildings analysed and compared in research proposal: School Of Construction Economics and Management Building, University of Witwatersrand by Michael Scholes and Associate Architects. (discussed in Assignment 1) Wits Science Stadium, University of Witwatersrand by Savage and Dodd Architects in collaboration with Urban Solutions, Urban Design Framework proposed by Ludwig Hansen Architects & Urban Designers. Following Assignment 1, I now analyse WSS and its design strategies that are used to achieve the objectives of the universities urban framework design development scheme and compare them to the strategies used in the design of the CEM building. Key questions developed from urban framework document investigation- What are the architectural design concepts and strategies incorporated in the respective buildings, which relate to the primary goal and the individual main objectives of the University of Witwatersrand established urban framework Intended layout of the essay - • Intro: Brief History into the urban framework of the University of Witwatersrand and its development. • Discussion of problems acknowledged in existing urban framework • Explain and discuss the new urban framework design scheme and how it aims to enrich the urban fabric and resolve existing problems in urban the urban framework. • Discuss the primary goal and main objectives...
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...Conceptual Framework Most research reports cast the problem statement within the context of a conceptual or theoretical framework.4 A description of this framework contributes to a research report in at least two ways because it (1) identifies research variables, and (2) clarifies relationships among the variables. Linked to the problem statement, the conceptual framework “sets the stage” for presentation of the specific research question that drives the investigation being reported. For example, the conceptual framework and research question would be different for a formative evaluation study than for a summative study, even though their variables might be similar. Scholars argue that a conceptual or theoretical framework always underlies a research study, even if the framework is not articulated.5 This may seem incongruous, because many research problems originate from practical educational or clinical activities. Questions often arise such as “I wonder why such an event did not [or did] happen?” For example, why didn't the residents' test-interpretation skills improve after they were given feedback? There are also occasions when a study is undertaken simply to report or describe an event, e.g., pass rates for women versus men on high-stakes examinations such as the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1. Nevertheless, it is usually possible to construct at least a brief theoretical rationale for the study. The rationale in the USMLE example may be, for...
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...A Brief History of Multicultural Education by Paul C. Gorski, Hamline University and EdChange As conceptualizations of multicultural education evolve and diversify, it is important to revisit its historical foundation -- the roots from which it sprang. What did the earliest forms of multicultural education look like and what social conditions gave rise to them? What educational traditions and philosophies provided the framework for the development of multicultural education? How has multicultural education changed since its earliest conceptualization? The answers to these questions provide an important contextual grounding for understanding the various models of multicultural education evolving today. The historical roots of multicultural education lie in the civil rights movements of various historically oppressed groups. Many trace the history of multicultural education back to the social action of African Americans and other people of color who challenged discriminatory practices in public institutions during the civil rights struggles of the 1960s (Banks, 1989; Davidman & Davidman, 1997). Among those institutions specifically targeted were educational institutions, which were among the most oppressive and hostile to the ideals of racial equality. Activists, community leaders, and parents called for curricular reform and insisted on a reexamination of hiring practices. Both, they demanded, should be more consistent with the racial diversity in the country...
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