...|Assignment brief – QCF BTEC | |Assignment front sheet | |Qualification |Unit number and title | |Edexcel BTEC Level 3 Diploma in Health and Social Care (QCF) |Unit 4: Development Through the Life Stages | |Learner name | Assessor name | | |Hayley Vincent | |Date issued | Hand in deadline |Submitted on | |9.11.15 |23.11.15 | | | | | |Assignment title |Ageing | |Criteria |To achieve the criteria the evidence must show...
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...Unit 4: development through life stages Task 1 P4: Explain two theories of ageing Social Disengagement Theory The social disengagement theory is a theory that was discovered in 1961 by William Henry and Elaine Cumming and it claims the beliefs that as people get older and become more fragile (elderly), they would naturally tend to withdraw themselves from social involvement, being less active and restricting themselves from interacting with others. http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-the-disengagement-theory.htm (Pearson education limited, 2010, pg170). However this is not the case for all ageing individuals as reasons for their disengagement may not be the result of the theory. For example, ill health of an individual may be the reason they become less sociable as it may prevent/restrict them from doing things and interacting with people how they would’ve before. In the case study we learn of Martha and Catherine, two elderly individuals of 80 who out of choice live in sheltered housing due to physical disabilities and as looking after their own home is too stressful, who have taken to the theory in different ways. The social disengagement theory hasn’t yet affected Martha fully or her look on life as she enjoys interacting with others in the home she lives – ‘there are always people to talk to and sometimes we get together to play cards’. Martha says ‘I like to get out and walk in the park as much as possible in order to stay fit’, while however she said she ‘couldn’t cope...
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...Chapter 10: Describe the patterns of gender inequality that currently exist in education. A common pattern still today is to take on the old fashioned role of a housewife. This does not require secondary education, and generally the man takes on the work/education role in this particular instance. The patterns seem to be going more towards equality these days. There are organizations that have implemented policies to ensure to the most fair practices between equalism of genders in education. Chapter 10: Describe the three functionalist theories of disengagement, activity, and continuity. Note how each focuses on the adjustments that occur between elderly people and others in society. There is the disengagement theory which primarily describes passing the roles smoothly from generation to generation, ensuring a continuous process. The activity theory describes elderly keeping busy when they are retired. This could be anything from picking up a new hobby like golf, to volunteering at a place they love to be. Continuity theory discusses how some retirees will tie strings to their past to assist in the adaption to older age. Chapter 11: Using the conflict perspective, explain how the ruling class controls the United States. The conflict perspective describes the "ruling class" as a group that have common interests and are generally wealthy. They have similarites such as attending high end institutions, supporting same political parties, ect. They can utelize their combined...
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...Unit 4 : P4 Over the Christmas holidays, which was a good opportunity for me to see whether the disengagement theory or whether the activity theory has a bigger affect on Elaine and her Husband. They say that as individuals get older, they are expected to physically decline , which increases the likelihood of them excluding themselves from society, however this wasn’t the case for Elaine and her husband. Throughout their life, they have experienced factors from both the social disengagement theory and the activity theory, which I will be explaining . I also asked a few questions to Elaine and her husband Jim regarding their daily life: 1. How much physical activity do you take part in daily? They both answered by saying they start their day with a morning jog to the gym which lasts a duration of 20 minutes to the gym and then they have an hour workout session and a jog back home. Personally this shows that both individuals are very active as they take part in physical actives to ensure that they are fit and maintaining a healthy diet, and this shows that the activity theory is proven to make sure individuals are happy when taking part in physical activity and they both said that they feel fresh and relaxed when exercising , and it’s must do everyday. 2. How do you feel about getting old and have you experienced any change physically? Jim said he hasn’t thought of getting old as he physically feels the same however he has experienced a problem with his skin as it has became...
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...grows older they get more withdrawn from the rest of society. The society actually rejects older people from a lot of activities. It is part of growing older and it is a way of distancing yourself from people before you die. Therefore the two major theories examine what causes an individual to distance themselves from this the rest of the people. The social disengagement theory basically examines the development of an individual and how it influences their development as they grow older. The activity theory of ageing examines how an individual continues to be attached to their normal routine of life. The two theories suggest two different things which two different individuals might have an impact on. The social disengagement theory would affect the personality of an individual because they are disengaging from the rest of the society and they become lonelier. Loneliness would impact in their lives because they have no one that pays interest to what they want and what makes them happy. Once the individual isolates themselves from the rest of the society, everybody who was close distances themselves. The social disengagement theory suggests that it is normal for older people to withdraw from the society and it becomes part of their life. This would not be very accurate because it causes the individual to be more stressed. They would be more stressed because they are disengaging from the society and they are getting hold of the fact that they might be dying and nobody cares about...
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...companions and what happens to those relationships as people mature. What really sparked this question in me was I often wondered what my Grandfather was like when he was younger and what kind of people he hanged out with. He was a very friendly person with a great personality I never seen him really socialize with any friends, he just took care of my Grandmother as she was dying. Now that she is gone he does not too much in the way of getting out and socializing. I have often asked myself, as likable as he is why does he just sit at home and not go out with some his old friends or go make new ones. So this article touched on something that I had already been in search for an answer on. This article pointed out different theories like the “disengagement theory and activity theory” (Carstensen, pg 331 paragraph 1) and brought out how it compared with the selectivity theory. Laura Carstensen constructed this article with two theories in mind, “(a) Selective reductions in social interaction begin in early adulthood and (b) emotional closeness to significant others increases rather than decreases in adulthood even when rate reductions occur.” Theory (b) helped me to understand that as my grandparents aged, they grew closer as they, as a couple, grew farther apart from there friends of their youth. This would also be supported by hypothesis (a) they probably reduced their friends based on compatibility with their own relationship. Even though my wife and I are still...
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...Fatou Amelia Njie 41778 Group 1 Unit 4: Development through the life stages P4: Explain two theories of ageing In this assignment I am going to explain the two theories of ageing I will be talking about the activity theory and the disengagement theory, saying the main points and then comparing them. People age throughout their life; it’s not only adults who age ,teenagers age from when they were a baby to becoming a teenager ,also babies age from being a baby to becoming a child. Age does not begin at any particular age. For example when people say we age or your ageing, they don’t man it literally, they may mean that you are developing, or growing up. Every life stage of an individual involves ageing. One of the theories that I am going to be talking about is the activity theory, which was created by Bromley in 1966; this theory is the opposite of the disengagement theory. Bromley believed that older adults would have to disengage but for them to also remain active to prevent disengagement from occurring he believed that older adults will age suitably if they take part in activities and live a more animated and lively lifestyle, which would prevent themselves from experiencing disengagement. According to Bromley he says that older adult’s excellence of life would get better however it depends on the older adult’s attitude, the activities that was carried out by the older adult and their interaction made with others. Bromley also added on to his theory that as long as...
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...Two Theories Of Ageing Activity Theory: “The activity theory of aging proposes that older adults are happiest when they stay active and maintain social interactions. The theory was developed by Robert J. Havighurst as a response to the disengagement theory of aging” (www.boundless.com/) This theory indicates that regular exercise be it of the mind or physical exercise, keeps the older adult healthy and stimulated. Therefore it could potentially ward off diseases, viruses and infections whilst allowing the older adult to preserve relationships. Continuity Theory: “The continuity theory is one of three major psychosocial theories which describe how people develop in old age. The other two psychosocial theories are the disengagement theory, with which the continuity theory comes to odds, and the activity theory upon which the continuity theory modifies and elaborates.” (www.boundless.com/) The continuity theory is exactly how it sounds, studies have shown that as adults mature they try and hang on to things that they find familiar. Things from the past can be very helpful in comforting and elderly adult such as a familiar face, or a familiar song. They can ease people and reassure them that everything is going to be okay. Whilst some things can hazardous such as a lady could be used to going dancing every Saturday night but as she grows older her bones become brittle therefore endangering her. The physical and Psychological changes with ageing As we become...
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...Capacity Building Series SECRETARIAT SPECIAL EDITION #20 Student Voices Teacher: What happens in your mind when you read a chapter book? Student: I dream of something – like I’m flying or I can be a superhero. In my mind I can be anything I want from those books. Conversation with Grade 2 student Student Identity and Engagement in Elementary Schools Developing awareness, understanding and respect for what matters to students has become critical in education today because “learning can no longer be understood as a one-way exchange where we teach, they learn.” Rather, “it is a reciprocal process that requires teachers to help students learn with understanding” (Willms, Friesen, & Milton, 2009). In the shift from a transmission to a discourse model of education, researchers verify what classroom teachers know intuitively – that ensuring students are listened to and valued and respected for who they are leads to greater student engagement which, in turn, leads to greater student achievement (Cummins, et al., 2005; Flessa et al., 2010; Leithwood, McAdie, Bascia, & Rodrigue, 2006; Willms, Friesen, & Milton, 2009). In their recent work on education reform, Andy Hargreaves and Dennis Shirley (2009) also build on this insight, urging education leaders and policy makers to ensure that students are recognized as “partners in change rather than merely targets of change efforts and services – more involved in their own learning and learning choices, actively consulted about the quality...
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...------------------------------------------------- Examples of reflective writing Example of reading log Here are some examples of reflective writing in Education, focusing on school experience rounds. EDF1302 Assessment 2: Observation and analysis While on fieldwork, I observed a number of learning situations and while doing this I took notes on the presence of pedagogical dimensions. For this piece I will be exploring the dimensions of Intellectual Quality and Supportive Classroom Environment respectively. I will begin with the description of the learning situation and then explore how the particular dimensions are evident within them. I will identify the particular elements of these dimensions, I felt existed, and also make reference to those, which appeared absent in the learning situation. I will finish by reflecting on the importance of this assignment and the implications for teaching in general. The children were asked to close their eyes and 'think carefully' about their favourite characters and what they knew about them. The children all did this and it was obvious by the expressions on their faces that they were concentrating and thinking really hard. This to me indicated that they were involving themselves in a form of higher order thinking. Their finished diary entries also were evidence of this, they produced extremely interesting and clever work, which showed a great deal of thought on the student's part. Both 'deep understanding' and 'deep knowledge' were...
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...number of students taught in the same classroom specifically by one teacher. The issues of class size have become controversial in USA education system with different people different view that is focused on decreasing class size (Biddle et al. pp86-95). The correlation between the class size and the performance has been used to support the issue of class size whereas some people have remained staunch and supportive of the tradition class sizes. Teaching a large class poses many challenges which have led to making the traditional class size to be perceived as a less effective system. The 20th-century philosophers have proposed the idea of small classes to be more convenient and promote student-teacher involvement. Am also...
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...Running Head: ABSENTEEISM AS VIEWED BY THE STUDENTS OF COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES Absenteeism as viewed by the Students of College of Arts and Sciences Bradlee H. Futalan Divine Word College of Legazpi Author Note This paper was prepared for Educational Psychology, taught by Dr. Rose Marie Clemeña Absenteeism as viewed by the Students of College of Arts and Sciences 2 . Abstract Absenteeism has been one of the mainstream problems of the instructors to their students. This study explored many reasons behind why the students are being absent in their classes. The study adopted a survey research design as the original framework for data gathering. Data were collected with 50 students from the College of Arts and Sciences of the Divine Word College of Legazpi. The study revealed that the most common reason of student absenteeism is attending an important appointment such as: Family Events, Meetings, Conference and other important gatherings. The study also found that the least reason of student absenteeism is being bully by a classmate. Keywords: Absenteeism, Students Absenteeism as viewed by the Students of College of Arts and Sciences 3 . Class Absenteeism as viewed by the Students of College of Arts and Sciences Attendance is an important factor in school that help the students’ get a high grades. Studies show that better attendance is related to higher academic achievement for students of all backgrounds (Shaini Jaura, 2012). One common discipline problem found...
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...DOCUMENT RESUME ED 354 471 AUTHOR TITLE PUB DATE NOTE PUB TYPE EDRS PRICE DESCRIPTORS IDENTIFIERS CG 024 813 McDermott, Diane; Winterowd, Carrie A Model for the Treatment of College Age Children of Alcoholics. [89] 16p. Reports Evaluative/Feasibility (142) MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. Adults; College Students; Counseling Effectiveness; *Group Counseling; Higher Education; *School Counseling; *Young Adults *Adult Children of Alcoholics ABSTRACT A session by session cognitive behavioral approach to group treatment for college age children of alcoholics was presented. Four groups ranging in size from four to eight persons participated in these semester -long sessions offered during one academic year through the counseling center at a major midwestern university. The treatment was comprised of four stages: introductory, informative, working, and closing. Cognitive, behavioral, and affectively oriented techniques were used to facilitate growth at each stage. Assessment of efficacy utilized a pretest/posttest design. Participants (N=25), aged 18 to 31 and with a mean age of 21, were given a seven-point Likert-type scale based on Woititz's 13 characteristics. Analysis of data indicated a reduction of scores on the 13 characteristics between the beginning and the ending of treatment for all groups. Participants' ratings indicated a general perception of helpfulness. The majority of participants said that they would either seek out ...
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...Workplace Relations Scoping study into approaches to student wellbeing Literature Review PRN 18219 July 2008 Erebus International Australian Catholic University Table of Contents Appendix 1: Literature Review 1 Table of Contents 2 Executive Summary 4 Section 1: Project Overview 4 Section 2: What is Student Wellbeing? 5 Section 3: The Outcomes of Student Wellbeing and its Pathways 6 1. Physical and Emotional Safety 6 2. Pro-social values 7 3. A supportive and caring school community 7 4. Social and Emotional Learning 7 5. A Strengths-based Approach 8 6. A sense of Meaning and Purpose 8 7. A Healthy Lifestyle 9 Section 4: International Focus on Student Wellbeing 9 Section 5: Student Wellbeing in the Australian Educational Context 9 5.1: Australian Government National Frameworks in Education 9 5.2 Report on the of the Responses of State and territory and non-government education authorities to the Concept of a National Student Wellbeing Framework 11 5.3 Student Wellbeing in State and Territory Curriculum and Policy Documents 11 Section 6: Whole School Approaches to Student Wellbeing: Issues of School Leadership, Implementation and Sustainability of Student Wellbeing Initiatives 12 Section 1: Project Overview 13 1.1 Introduction 13 1.2 Project Objectives 13 1.3 Methodology 14 Section 2: Student Wellbeing and its Pathways 16 2.1 What is Student Wellbeing? 16 The Definition of Student Wellbeing Used in this Report 21 Explanations of Key...
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...percent of U.S. students are disengaged from school (Klem & Connell, 2004; Willms, 2003). This phenomenon is not unique to the U.S. In a study using data from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) conducted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Willms found that on average, 25% of students in the 43 countries studied reported a low sense of belonging and an average of 20% of students reported low participation. Although there is some discrepancy in numbers due to differences in sampling and measurement, these studies show that overall, more than one in five students is disengaged from school. Student engagement is a multifaceted concept that includes behavioral, emotional, and cognitive components (Fredricks et al., 2004). Behavioral engagement refers to students’ participation in academic and non-academic activities at school. Emotional engagement refers to students’ sense of belonging at school and identification with school. Cognitive engagement includes mental involvement with learning through the exercise of thinking. Research has shown that each component of engagement is significantly related to student outcomes; however, previous studies have for the most part examined only one or two components of student engagement (e.g., Alexander, Entwisle, & Horsey, 1997; Woolley & Bowen, 2007). Therefore, studies that examine all three components of student engagement are needed. Student engagement is more...
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