Comparative Analysis of the Classical Theories

The theoretical approaches to organization and management can be classified into “schools of thought”, which essentially represent similar ways of thinking about the way organizations operate and should be managed. Organizational performance generally involves getting the most out of resource inputs in terms of quality and productivity. Alternative management approaches provide a framework within which improved performance may be achieved.

It is important to note the many variations in the classification schemes. Some writers view Weber’ theory as being part of the classical approach while others do not. One justification is that his time period is similar to that of the other two classical theorists- Taylor and Fayol and, that his theory was scientifically derived. Unlike these two named theorists whose focus was on management, Weber emphasized organizational structures or arrangements as a way of improving efficiency in the public sector, hence the label “structuralist”.

1) Classical Perspective- The classical school was the first set of theoretical perspectives about organizations and management. It sought to understand the purpose of an organization, to examine its structure, and the design of work. The main thinkers of this school were Max Weber (1864-1920), Frederick Taylor (1856-1917) and, Henri Fayol (1841-1925) and their respective disciples- Frank Gilbreth and Henry Gantt, and Lyndall Urwick.

The strengths of the Classical School

1. First coherent attempt to understand the nature, purpose and structure of large-scale organization. 2. It established the principles of organizations that still govern the way many of them operate today. 3. The definition of management still endures today.

Taylor was credited with the development of scientific