1. a natural resource - Meets our biological and economic needs and wants

2. renewable resource - any natural resource (as wood or solar energy) that can be replenished naturally with the passage of time

3. the year 2100 scientists forecast global warming

4. resource depletion - exhaustion of raw materials within a region

5. waste assimilation - is the ability of the environment to absorb, detoxify, and disperse wastes to make them less harmful

6. best first principle - humans use the highest-quality sources of natural resources and environmental services first

7. sustainability - able to be maintained at a certain rate or level.

8. the collapse of the civilization of people on Easter Island, the cause. - forest destruction
9. system - able to be maintained at a certain rate or level.

10. a nonrenewable resource - resource that does not renew itself at a sufficient rate for sustainable economic extraction in meaningful human timeframes

11. 70% of the world's marine fish stocks - are heavily exploited depleted or slowly recovering

12. a lower-quality natural resource *

13. global fish depletion and the Japanese long line fishing industry *

14. The U.S. clean air act - was passed in 1963*

15. Gross Domestic Product - The monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period

16. The human development index - composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income indices used to rank countries into four tiers of human development

18. the price of goods and services and sustainability *

19. Government subsidy - support from the government

20. Subsidies - good side vs bad side benefit corporations but discourage sustainable practices and often harm the environment

21. Subsides encourage - sustainable production of goods and services: not necessary

22. In 1992, world leaders met Rio de Janeiro to discuss how to reverse the environmental and economic degradation of the planet.

23. ecological footprint - it is equal to all the natural resources and environmental services used to produce your food, clothing, and shelter, as well as the other goods and services you use.

24. the production or consumption of a good and externality *

25. an element - Cannot be broken down by chemical means. 92 naturally occurring.

26. compounds - two or more elements in combination

28. trace elements - manganese, iodine, selenium

29. atomic number - number of protons. above. have to be integer

30. isotopes - neutrons

31. an atom - are units of matter; the smallest units having the chemical and physical properties of its element.

32. a molecule is an assembly of two or more tightly bound atoms behaving as a single object.

33. physical change – chemical makeup does not change (something you can see)

34. chemical change – chemical makeup changes ( something you cannot see)

35. nuclear decay - a nucleus of an unstable atom loses energy by emitting particles of ionizing radiation

36. nuclear fusion - nuclear reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei collide at a very high speed and join to form a new type of atomic nucleus
37. electrons - negative charge

38. neutrons - no charge

39. atomic mass and mass number: very close to each other.

40. the law of conservation of matter *

41. energy - the ability to do work

42. kinetic energy - Energy of Motion. Flowing Water, moving car, person walking up stairs

43. potential energy - Energy of position. Water stored behind dam, gallon of gasoline

44. chemical energy - Energy stored in the arrangement of elements, such as energy stored in fossil fuels or carbohydrates

45. the heat of fusion * - 80 calories/gram

46. the heat of vaporization * - 539 calories/gram

47. The first law of thermodynamics - There is no increase or decrease in the quantity of energy in any energy conversion. The QUANTITY of energy remains constant in every conversion process.

48. The second law of thermodynamics - In all energy conversion processes energy loses its ability to do work and is degraded in quality. The QUALITY of the energy decreases with each energy conversion (i.e. more and more energy in the form of heat)

49. spontaneous - occurs without energy input. from high to low
50. nonspontaneous - requires energy input. from low to high. atleast one of these are required in biochem cycles

50. energy conversion efficiency - kcals of workout/kcals of total energy converted 51. entropy - Conversion of energy from a highly organized state to a disorganized state
52. power - amount of energy consumed per unit time