...characteristic of an individual and then placing him directly on a scale that has been defined in terms of that characteristic and (ii) constructing questionnaires in such a way that the score of individual’s responses assigns him a place on a scale. It may be stated here that a scale is a continuum, consisting of the highest point (in terms of some characteristic e.g. preference, favourableness, etc) and the lowest point along with several intermediate points between these two extreme points. These scale point positions are so related to each other that when the first point happens to be the highest point, the second point indicates a higher degree in terms of a given characteristic as compared to the third point and the third point indicates a higher degree as compared to the forth and so on Scale classification base Scaling procedures may be broadly classified on one or more of the followings:- (1) Subject orientation (2) Response form (3) Degree of subjectivity (4) Scale properties (5) Number of dimension (6) Scale construction techniques Importance of scaling techniques We now take up some of the important scaling techniques often used in the context of research specially in context of social or business research. i. Rating scales: The rating scale involves qualitative description of a limited number of aspects of a thing or of traits of a person .when we use rating scale (or categorical scales), we judge an object in absolute terms against some specified...
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...Задачи по професионално студийно осветление 1. Използване на осветлени с цел намаляване на контраста, имитиране на естествена светлина. Избираме от два варианта: имитиране на облачен ден и имитиране на слънце в кадъра. Вариант 1, имитиране на облачен кадър: кадър без осветление: кадър с осветление: / Една светкавица в тавана, една в стената и софтбокс - задно странично./ Вариант 2, имитиране на слънце в кадъра: кадър без осветление и модел: кадър само със странично осветление: кадър само с предно осветление: финален кадър: /забележка - от лявата страна светлината е прекалено силна (не бива да е така) 2. Снимка с осветително тяло в кадъра... (за справка вижте: practical light) само лампата с лампата в кадър: /халогенка от посоката на лампата обърната в бяла повърхност и светкавица с пита в лицето/ слабата сянка е от халогенката, а плътната от светкавицата /експозиция по лампата – f 2.8, 1/8, исо 100 3. 3 бр кадри с рисуващо и запълващо осветление, като контраста на единия е 1:32, на втория 1:8 и на третия 1:2. (така че да има видима разлика между трите) Кадрите трябва да имат логично използване светлина и да не се вижда как просветляваме сенките /запълващото е до позицията на камерата, от страната на рисуващото. (това е най-логично падащата светлина, заради потъването на лявата част на лицето, като в същото време имаме и достатъчно просветляване от неосветената от рисуващото страна) / правилно поставено като посока запълващо при контраст...
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...Scaling Challenge #1: Passing the Hat AS a start-up, executives need to be prepared to wear more than one functional hat to be successful. As you scale, however, you must carefully oversee the process of passing those hats to new executives and managers that join the team. This looks easy on paper (just draw up the new org chart), but it can prove extremely challenging in practice. While it is easy to pass the hat in form, it may not be easy to pass the hat in substance when the on-boarding of the new hat owner is arduous, i.e., big learning curve, lots of important internal relationships, and so forth. As long as the old hat-owner offers greater knowledge and effectiveness in the relevant functional area, everyone in the organization will gravitate to her for decisions and support, regardless of what the new org chart says. The problem can be further exacerbated if the old hat owner isn’t all that willing to pass the hat in the first place or if the old hat owner is too willing and runs away from the responsibility faster than the new executive can get up to speed. Poor hat passing can result in confusion, frustration, conflict, executive turnover and ultimately poor business performance. Hat passing is tricky business that requires the buy-in all of all those affected, a solid foundation of respect between the two hat-passers, and a thoughtful approach to managing the transition. Without these fundamentals in place as you are scaling, you may find that you are dropping more...
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...Between Loneliness And General Health In Older Females Living In The Community A Research Critique of the article The article of Cheryl A. Krause-Parello was a great article on the relationship between loneliness and general health in older woman. The study sought to determine a decrease in loneliness and general health in older women when a pet attachment support was used as a coping mechanism. Woman in the ages of 55-84 who resided in independent or senior citizen communities with pets were given an informed consent that was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Rutgers (Krause-Parello, 2008). The study instruments included; PGWB schedule, a general health subscale, The Revised UCLA loneliness scale and the Pet attachment scale. The scales used various psychological tests measuring depression, loneliness and psychosomatic symptoms. The data were analyzed using Pearson product-moment (questions one through three) and regression analysis (question four) (Krause-Parello, 2008). It also used the two-tailed test, which determined the level of significance at the .05 level (Krause-Parello, 2008). The third regression analysis, the mediator (PAS) did not have a significant effect on the dependent variable’s general health; which showed a decrease demonstrating a mediating effect of pet attachment between loneliness and general health (Krause-Parello, 2008). The result of this study does support the mediating effect of pet attachment between loneliness and...
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...been applied. Having two open scale stations that cover 57.60% of the data would be the best option. Still, having four open scale stations there is a 99.93% chance that zero trucks would have to wait, but there would be a 3.74% chance that a truck will even need the extra station and you would likely be paying scalers for complete downtime. Boise Cascade Corporation | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mean | 12 | | | | | | | | # of Trucks | | | | | | | | | 0 | 0.000006 | 0.000006 | | | | | | | 1 | 0.000074 | 0.000080 | | | | | | | 2 | 0.000442 | 0.000522 | | Time Window | Minutes | | | | 3 | 0.001770 | 0.002292 | | 7am-8am | 6 | 0.04582 | 4.58% | | 4 | 0.005309 | 0.007600 | | 8am-9am | 12 | 0.57597 | 57.60% | | 5 | 0.012741 | 0.020341 | | 9am-10am | 18 | 0.96258 | 96.26% | 3.74% | 6 | 0.025481 | 0.045822 | | 10am-11am | 24 | 0.99931 | 99.93% | | 7 | 0.043682 | 0.089504 | | 11am-12pm | 30 | 1.00000 | | | 8 | 0.065523 | 0.155028 | | 12pm-1pm | 36 | 1.00000 | | | 9 | 0.087364 | 0.242392 | | 1pm-2pm | 42 | 1.00000 | | | 10 | 0.104837 | 0.347229 | | 2pm-3pm | 48 | 1.00000 | | | 11 | 0.114368 | 0.461597 | | 3pm-4pm | 54 | 1.00000 | | | 12 | 0.114368 | 0.575965 | | 4pm-5pm | 60 | 1.00000 | | | 13 | 0.105570 | 0.681536 | | | | | | | 14 | 0.090489 | 0.772025 | | 12 | Average # of Trucks/Hour | | | 15 | 0.072391 | 0.844416 | | 2 | Scales | | | | 16 | 0.054293 | 0...
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...Definitions to the problem of suicide are important in order to gather more evidence based data and prevent occurrences. Self-harm is when a person deliberately does a behavior such as cutting with the intention of harming his or herself (Moran et al., 2012, p.236). Suicidal ideation is defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as “thinking about, considering, or planning for suicide” (CDC, 2013). One of the goals of research on suicidal ideation is to identify those who actually will attempt a suicide because of this ideation (Holliday, 2012, p.6).. Suicide attempt is defined as a self directed harmful behavior that does not end in death but is performed with an intent to die; whereas the term suicide or completed suicide...
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... Serena is an 82-year old woman who lives in her north inner city Dublin home with her husband Dan. They have four sons who now have families of their own but are all supportive and are still very much present in their lives. Her only sister, Blair, lives in a nearby county but visits her twice a week. Her relationship with her family is identified as her main support system. Serena is known to the psychiatric services due to her long history of Bipolar Affective Disorder and previous suicide attempts, resulting to numerous psychiatric admissions. She was on lithium for approximately 18 years, which now resulted for her thyroid to become toxic and her kidneys to completely stop functioning. She has been recently diagnosed of End Stage Renal Failure (ESRF). This recent diagnosis has left her more anxious and depressed. As her family and the Community Mental Health Team (CMHT) from the POA unit had worrying concerns regarding her increasing inability to cope at home and recent suicide attempt, they have decided to refer her to Golden Living Centre (GLC) for respite. GLC is a nursing home where I did my 8-week specialist placement. The CMHT from the POA unit visits Serena on a weekly basis ensuring continuity of care. The community mental health nurse (CMHN) comes in to the nursing...
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...Introduction Depression is the leading cause of disability in the world and with the rates of suicides and violent acts portrayed against schools by other students there has to be a way to screen for depression and suicidal ideations. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, “In 2015, an estimated 3 million adolescents aged 12 to 17 in the United States had at least one major depressive episode in the past year. This number represented 12.5% of the US population aged 12 to 17” (NIMH, 2016). “Suicide is the second leading cause of adolescent death in Europe, third in the US and fourth globally. In Europe, the annual suicide rate for 15–19 year olds is 4.8 per 100,000. In a large epidemiological survey con- ducted in the US, 13.8...
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...whether the questions and scales are understandable. 5 check the flow 6. Verify the skip logic; and 7 identify possible unanticipated responses 3 question response formats: Open –ended; scaled; categorical A decision on which scale to use will depend on Previous: scales used on Previous surveys (data trends are NB for awareness, customer service ratings, etc) Ability of Responder; Nature of The Property; Level of Detail desired; Medium of the survey (web, onlocation, phone; text; mail; etc) 4 Factors that determine maximum survey length: 1_Medium 2_ Respondent Involvement/Interest 3_Control Over Distractions 4_ Flow; 5_ Ease of Comprehension 6_scale uniformity 7-Levelof Ability of Responder (eg experienced survey panel members) also 8 presence of a fieldworker to coax / coach a respondent through; 9. presence of a compelling incentive N.O.I.R. refers to: Nominal; Ordinal; Interval; Ratio the scale that captures the greatest detail is Ratio. a respondent experiences from spending too much mental effort: Survey Fatigue To measure mood, this kind of scale is often used: Semantic Differential Mentioning a brand in a survey list too early can result in this type of error: Order Bias Some Principals of survey flow: 1 Screening or Qualification questions up front; 2 General to Specific overall; 3 Easy to Difficult 4 Sensitive at end 5 Stay with a scale format as long as you can & is suitable! Whether or not a scale accurately measure what it‘s...
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...Does Meaning in Life and Subjective Well-Being Play a Role? Lakeya Keys St. Leo University Fundamentals of Psychology/PSY 161 February 24, 2013 Dr. Shannon Farris Abstract In this paper, I will review an article done on the study of subjective well-being and its relationship with meaning in life, and if having these two things lead to a more satisfying life. In this study, the researchers employed a descriptive-predictive design in order to measure the correlation between the two variables. Researchers studied nine hundred and sixty nine college students, from different colleges in the Philippines. Three measures were administered to the students: the Meaning of Life Questionnaire, Satisfaction with life scale, and the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale, to aid in the study. The results of this study show a correlation between meaning in life and subjective well-being. The positive relationship between these two variables, produced and overall satisfaction in living. Living a Satisfying Life: Does Meaning in Life and Subjective Well-Being Play a Role? College students run into many challenges in their everyday life. The pressures of maintaining good grades, keeping up with their social calendars, studying, and other responsibilities begin to pile up. By conducting this study, researchers were able to conclude, that by having meaning in life, students were overall satisfied with their lives. (Santos, Margramo Jr., Ouan Jr., Paat, Barnachea) The assumption that...
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...Suicide Among the Elderly: Symptoms that are ignored University of California, Irvine Professor Webster P117D November 27, 2007 Suicide among the elderly: Symptoms that are ignored More than 30,000 Americans every year commit suicide. A suicide happens every eighteen minutes. The highest rate of suicide of any age group occurs among the elderly. The elderly make up 12.6% of the population, yet they account for almost 18% of all the suicides. An elderly suicide occurs every 100 minutes. Suicide ranks as the eighth leading cause of death among those aged 65 and older (Noffsinger, Knoll). Firearms consist of the main method in which the elderly take their lives. The next two in line are overdosing and suffocation. White men over the age of 85 are at the greatest risk of all groups. In 1999, the suicide rate for these individuals was 59.6 per 100,000. 84% of all elderly suicides are men. The rate of suicide for women declines after age 60. Although older adults may attempt suicide less often, they have a higher completion rate. Contrary to popular belief, only about 2-4% of suicide victims were diagnosed with terminal illness at the time of their demise. 80% of all elderly victims of suicide have seen a primary care physician within six months of their suicide. Why is it that the suicide rates for older adults are much higher than every other age group? Depression is a key factor for the rates of suicide in the elderly. Depression is...
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...Arguable the most controversial subject in human history is what truly defines the human species. Through the growth and evolution of the species, humans have displayed destructive behaviours within society that differentiates this genus from all others. Practiced by the unique act of genocide, humans have embraced a love for brutality against opposing social groups and the annihilation of fellow man. The institutions within the species’ society encompass unsurpassable expectations that have resulted in the self-destruction of millions. Humans have collectively destroyed the Earth’s natural resources through over use and depletion, making it impossible for the environment to remain sustainable; therefore, characterizing humans as the uniquely destructive species that they have come to exist as today. Genocide is a form of destruction unique to the human species that has been repeated throughout history as the yearning for power and the love of cruelty surpasses human controversies. “Genocide is often waged by one group against another and not the other way around. It is this unprovoked brutality that stems from human nature that is truly frightening” (Dimijan, 2010). This brutality was noticeably witnessed in World War II Germany during the Holocaust when Nazi leader Adolf Hitler exterminated more than 6 million Jewish men, women and children. The Nazis, who came to power in January 1933, believed that Germans were "racially superior" and that the Jews, deemed "inferior,"...
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...“New York senator proposes law to allow terminally ill to seek suicide with doctor support” Brad Hoylman, a Manhattan state senator is seeking to make New York the fifth state to permit assisted suicide for the terminally ill. This proposed law would permit doctors to prescribe a lethal medication to terminally ill adults who voluntarily wish to end their life. This bill intends to give mentally capable adults to take control over their end-of-life options. His proposals are modeled after Oregon’s “Death with Dignity Act”, where a patient seeking suicide would be at least 18 years of age, and given 6 months to live. His legislation faces tremendous opposition from religious groups in particular, who believe that Hoylman’s bill implies there is something undignified about a natural death. In addition, they say those who are diagnosed with months to live often defy expectations, as there are human errors to medical examinations. In addition, patients diagnosed frequently become depressed, and make decisions on clouded judgments. Along with New York, California and New Jersey are also discussing this debate. There are several ethical dilemmas to consider surrounding the issue of a “physician-assisted suicide”. It is important to consider all the stakeholders involved, the victim, his/her family, the doctors, and society impacted by this precedence. Who has the most say in matter? I believe the victim, doctors and society are the largest shareholders. In addition, we must consider...
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...-Executive Summary Industrial Scale has been producing a balance beam scale for many years and they are the leader in that market. Recently, Wilson Inc has begun to manufacture a similar scale that has been copied from the Industrial Scale model. Wilson Inc offers deeper discounts to contractors and has managed to gain a 27% market share. Industrial Scale is not concerned about its competition the way its sales manager wishes that it were. -Assessment Industrial Scale manufactures a relatively simple device and has been doing so for many years. Up until recently it has claim to 90% of its market. This device represents $600,000 in yearly sales which is 15% of the total company sales. The units are long lasting, so most purchases are not due to replacement. Wilson Inc, has emerged in the last 5 years, and copied Industrial Scales design (the copy rights have long expired). The Wilson design is a more simplified version which does not include a recent improvement which has been incorporated by Industrial Scale. The price of the two scale are the same, however, Wilson offers 20% discounts to contractors compared to Industrial scales 10%. The sales manager of Industrial Scale has convinced himself that Wilson Inc is not a threat. But, he decides to see what can be done about reducing cost. Cost could be reduced by a few percent internally or by lowering the quality of the good. Also, a new design has been made, but it will increase cost by 8% or $100. They currently sell roughly...
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...Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess the usefulness of different sociological approaches to suicide. Suicide can be defined as an intentional act of killing oneself, it is thought that the study of suicide would be more appropriate to be studied by psychologists since the main reason of suicide is the consequence of mental illness. However, a positivist sociologist, Emile Durkheim rejected this view. He believes that suicide has social causes and is a social fact that has predictable patterns. Nonetheless, this is a controversial topic and there are many other sociologists who have contributed to the study by offering their own points of view of how to categorising and interpreting data. We shall discuss their different approaches further in this essay. As it is said, Durkheim rejects the psychological theories of suicide; evidently he shows that while Jews had higher rates of mental illness than Protestants, they had lower suicide rates. In Durkheim’s view, our behaviour is constrained by social facts – according to Steven Lukes, they are greater and out of reach of individuals and they shape our behaviours. These social facts vary in different groups and societies, explaining the differences in suicide rate. There are two social facts that determine the rate of suicide: social integration, which is the extent to which individuals experience a sense of belonging to a group and obligation to its members. They feel a strong bond and duty towards others. The other...
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