...Roger Dodger's parents were killed in a car accident which was the result of Roger becoming an orphan at age 12. Due to his parents death he was left with a considerable fortune and his uncle Charles Manson became Roger's guardian. Roger's childhood was difficult considering his parents death, not having many friends and was often sick due to his asthma. Due to Roger suffering from asthma it prevented him from participating in sports, excluding him and creating more of a social barrier. Not only did Roger suffer from asthma he also was allergic to nuts and would have a severe anaphylactic reaction whenever he would eat food containing nuts. Furthermore, Roger was hospitalised twice as he was having an anaphylactic reaction to something he had eaten. His oxygen supply has nearly been cut off due to excessive swelling of his throat. He was very lucky to have lived after his previous encounters and because of these incidents it resulted in receiving an epipen. To ensure safety precautions Roger always kept his epipen in his top left hand pocket....
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...PrinceEcologyApril 3O, 2013 | | | Abstract Acid Rain is a mixture of wet deposition and dry deposition. Acid Rain is caused by a surplus of the chemicals sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide caused by air pollution. Air pollution comes from two main sources man made sources and natural sources. Man made sources come from combustion of coal used in power plants and exhaust pipes and natural sources come from volcanoes. They have many effects on the environment such as runoffs that lead chemicals into the streams and humans with respiratory illnesses that can worsen if the chemicals become too acidic.There are many ways to reduce acid rain such as cleaning exhaust pipes and using alternative energy sources. Acid rain measures a pH of about 5.3 Introduction: Acid rain is a mixture of dry and wet deposition from the atmosphere containing higher than normal amounts of nitric and sulfuric acids. The formation of acid rain result from both natural sources, such as volcanoes , and man-made sources, primarily emissions of sulfur dioxde and resulting from fossil fuel combustion. Acid rain occurs when these gases react in the atmosphere with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form various acidic compounds. When sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released from power plants and other sources, the wind blows these compounds across the enviroment. There are two forms of deposition: wet deposition and dry deposition....
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...that produces complexorganic compounds (such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) from simple substances present in its surroundings, generally using energy from light (photosynthesis) or inorganic chemical reactions (chemosynthesis). They are the producers in a food chain, such asplants on land or algae in water, in contrast to heterotrophs as consumers of autotrophs. They do not need a living source of energy or organic carbon. Autotrophs can reduce carbon dioxide to make organic compounds for biosynthesis and also create a store of chemical energy. Most autotrophs use water as the reducing agent, but some can use other hydrogen compounds such as hydrogen sulfide.Phototrophs (green plants and algae), a type of autotroph, convert electromagnetic energy from sunlight into chemical energy in the form of reduced carbon. Autotrophs can be photoautotrophs or chemoautotrophs. Phototrophs use light as an energy source, while chemotrophs utilize electron donors as a source of energy, whether from organic or inorganic sources; however in the case of autotrophs, these electron donors come from inorganic chemical sources. Such chemotrophs arelithotrophs. Lithotrophs use inorganic compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide, elemental sulfur, ammonium and ferrous iron, as reducing agents for biosynthesis and chemical energy storage. Photoautotrophs and lithoautotrophs use a portion of the ATPproduced during photosynthesis or the oxidation of inorganic compounds to reduce NADP+ to NADPH to form...
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...in the water drops. Normal rainwater is slightly acidic. The pH level of normal rainwater ranges between 5.3 and 6.0. The normal rainwater is acidic because the carbon dioxide and water react with each other and form carbonic acid. Carbonic acid is a very weak acid. When the pH level of rainwater falls below this range, it becomes acid rain (conserveegergyfuture.com, 2013). Acid rain affects plants directly and decreases the quality of soil and reduced fertility of the soil. The adverse effects of acid rain are severe where there is more concentration of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide (science.opposingviews, 2015). Acid rain has many negative effects, on lakes, streams, wetlands, and other aquatic environments. The primary reason for acid rains is air pollution. Acid rain is caused by large amount of pollutants it can be minimized by conserving energy and reducing pollution. I believe if we do not take preventive measures for acid rains future generation may face severe consequences (environment.nationalgeographic, 2015). Sulfur and Nitrogen are the two elements that are responsible for the harmful effects of acid rain. Sulfur is found as a trace element in coal and oil. When coal is burned for industrial uses the sulfur from the coal combines with the oxygen in the air to form sulfur dioxide. Sulfur dioxide has no chemical reaction with most of the chemicals found in the atmosphere hence it is in atmosphere for longer period of time...
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...There are two types of the cause of pollution, natural and man-made. Natural pollution occurs naturally and won't cause excessive harm to our lives due to its regeneration ability. While the man-made pollution is caused by human activities, and hard to get rid of. The backbones of man-made pollution are human population and technology. Naturally human needs contact to the environment, we get resources from nature. This is for the sake of living. By the increase of human population, the contact is getting more intensive, because needs are increasing. And by the findings and development of new technologies, human can apply them to get the resources. And it's common that new technologies would bring their respective side effects besides their advantages. Water Pollution Water pollution is any chemical, physical or biological change in the quality of water that has a harmful effect on any living thing that drinks or uses or lives (in) it. When humans drink polluted water it often has serious effects on their health. Water pollution can also make water unsuited for the desired use. Water pollution is usually caused by human activities. Different human sources add to the pollution of water. There are two sorts of sources, point and nonpoint sources. Point sources discharge pollutants at specific locations through pipelines or sewers into the surface water. Nonpoint sources are sources that cannot be traced to a single site of discharge. Examples of point sources...
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...Chapter 15-Promoting Environment Health The global population has grown more in the past 50 years than at any other time in human history, posing a potentially devastating threat to the natural resources we consume and our capacity to survive. Polar ice caps and glaciers are melting at rates that surpass even the most dire predictions of just a decade ago, and threats of rising sea levels loom large. One in four mammals is now threatened with extinction as humans destroy habitat, exacerbate drought and flooding due to climate change, voraciously consume precious resources, and pollute the environment. Clean water is becoming scare, fossil fuels are being depleted at unprecedented rates, and massive amounts of solid and hazardous waste are threatening the future of all living things. We must reduce consumption, waste less, be less selfish when it comes to personal comfort and perceived needs, and force governments to enact and enforce environmentally responsible legislation. The Threat of Overpopulation The United Nations projects that the world population will grow from its current level of 7 billion to 9.3 billion by 2050 and over 10.1 billion by 2100. Tomorrow’s population will be more industrialized, consume more resources, and produce even more waste than did previous generations unless actions are taken to control population growth. Bursting with People: Measuring the Impact Carrying capacity of the earth- the largest population that can be supported indefinitely...
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...pollutants and can be very harmful to peoples health. These six air pollutants are: ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxides, sulfur dioxides, and lead. These pollutants can cause serious damages people’s health, waterways, plants, and global warming. Ozone is a secondary pollutant because when there are to primary pollutants that have to react to sunlight. Breathing ozone can trigger a variety of health problems, particularly for children, the elderly, and people of all ages who have lung diseases such as asthma. Ground level ozone can also have harmful effects on sensitive vegetation and ecosystems (“Ground Level”. 2014). Nitrogen dioxides are pollutant that comes from vehicles and burn fossil fuel into the atmosphere. Nitrogen dioxide is a secondary pollutant like ozone. The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 established a goal of a 60 percent reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions in passenger cars by the year 2003. Usually, all polluters must comply with the same rules and regulations, regardless of their particular circumstances (Wiley, 2014). Majority of air contamination results from human activities like combustion of fossil fuels, industrial procedures and automobiles. Of the hazardous chemicals released in the air by all this combustion include carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and minute solid specks like lead specks from gasoline stabilizers that are called particulates. Primary causative reason of the water contamination...
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...Economics is the study of production and distribution of resources. It is the choices that individuals are to make when there is scarcity. In other words, it is the wants and needs that keep individuals alive, such as food and protection from the elements of nature (Sharp, 2010). For example, the ocean provides humans with water, and food. Therefore, if the ocean became contaminated by waste toxins then, this can be problematic. Fishermen would lose their jobs, resulting in a reduction of food sources. This can also jeopardize water source. It is necessary that resources are protected at all cost. Furthermore, it is a viable asset to growing and developing the economy. If subject to contamination it can damage the goods produced. The cause of pollution can have an effect on resources such as water and air. This decreases the value and makes them less valuable to us and increases our cost to produce goods. Pollution has become an increasingly important issue that can have an effect on every living being. Pollution can be defined, as “waste disposed off into air, water and land which reduce the value of those resources in alternative uses. For example, if someone dumps waste such as aluminum cans, trash, or any other types of chemical products into river then, the value of the river is reduced to those who depend on that river for drinking water, fishing and animal survival or reproduction. Humans and natures animals depend on clean water to stay alive. The problem of pollution...
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...to the Earth's ecosystems. Indoor air pollution and urban air quality are listed as two of the world's worst pollution problems in the 2008 Blacksmith Institute World's Worst Polluted Places report.[1] Pollutants Main articles: Pollutant and Greenhouse gas Before flue gas desulfurization was installed, the emissions from this power plant in New Mexico contained excessive amounts of sulfur dioxide. Schematic drawing, causes and effects of air pollution: (1) greenhouse effect, (2) particulate contamination, (3) increased UV radiation, (4) acid rain, (5) increased ground level ozone concentration, (6) increased levels of nitrogen oxides. A substance in the air that can cause harm to humans and the environment is known as an air pollutant. Pollutants can be in the form of solid particles, liquid droplets, or gases. In addition, they may be natural or man-made.[2] Pollutants can be classified as primary or secondary. Usually, primary pollutants are directly emitted from a process, such as ash from a volcanic eruption, the carbon monoxide gas from a motor vehicle exhaust or sulfur dioxide released from factories. Secondary pollutants are not emitted directly. Rather, they form in the air when primary pollutants react or interact. An important example of a secondary pollutant is ground level ozone — one of the many secondary pollutants that make up photochemical smog. Some pollutants may be both...
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...w w om .c s er *2856902052* BIOLOGY ap eP m e tr .X w UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education 0610/23 May/June 2013 Paper 2 Core 1 hour 15 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. Electronic calculators may be used. You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 19 printed pages and 1 blank page. IB13 06_0610_23/4RP © UCLES 2013 [Turn over 2 1 Flowering plants are classified into two groups, the monocotyledons and the eudicotyledons (dicotyledons). (a) Complete Table 1.1 to show differences between these two groups. Table 1.1 monocotyledons eudicotyledons number of cotyledons in seed pattern of veins in leaf number of flower parts e.g. petals [4] (b) State two environmental stimuli that flowering plants can detect. 1 2 [2] (c) Fig...
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...2/13/2014 ECOLOGY: Terminology • Greek oikos, meaning “household,” combined with the root logy, meaning “the study of.” • literally the study of households including the plants, animals, microbes, and people that live together as interdependent beings on Spaceship Earth. 2/13/2014 7 Ecological Concepts Introduction to Natural Sciences Ecology has been defined by the Ecological Society of America (1993) as: The Four Laws of Ecology 1. Everything is connected to everything else. 2. Everything must go somewhere. 3. Nature knows best. 4. There is no such thing as a free lunch. • The scientific discipline that is concerned with the relationships between organisms and their past, present, and future environments. • These relationships include physiological responses of individuals, structure and dynamics of populations, interactions among species, organization of biological communities, and processing of energy and matter in ecosystems 2/13/2014 8 2/13/2014 10 Nature consists of a number of systems called “spheres”: • • • • • The atmosphere (air and what is in it) The hydrosphere (water in its liquid form) The lithosphere (land, rocks and below) The biosphere (all the living organisms) The anthroposphere (human system) Anthroposphere • The built environment (buildings, roads, and other infrastructure) • Agriculture (also called the Primary Sector) • The manufacturing industry (also called the Secondary Sector) • The service industry (also called the...
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...A. Introduction Every day, the average person inhales about 20,000 liters of air. Every time we breathe, we risk inhaling dangerous chemicals that have found their way into the air. We as humans depend on the air around us to live, without it we would die. We rely on this as an essential source for living. Air pollution includes all contaminants found in the atmosphere. It is another major problem that is yet to be solved. These dangerous substances can be either in the form of gases or particles. The air is 99.9% nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, and inert gases. Air pollution is a common term meaning the dirtying and gradual destruction of our natural resources, especially our air, water and land. This is referred to as environmental pollution. Once, years ago, the air was fresh and clear and the rivers were clean with fish swimming in the crystal clear waters and streams. This is no longer true today. Air pollution is the dirtying of the air. Where once we had blue skies and fresh air to breathe in, this is no longer the case. The air today is choked with toxic fumes from cars and factories. With more and more cars on the road, the carbon monoxide emitted from the car exhausts has polluted the Earth’s atmosphere. The clearing of land to make way for housing or farms has also lead to forests being destroyed and burnt. But did you know that air pollution also found both outdoors and indoors? It can, Pollutants can be trapped inside buildings, causing indoor pollution...
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...Energy Flow through an Ecosystem Energy Flow through an Ecosystem Explain how most living things depend on the sun as their ultimate energy source. “Without the sun, all life dies” (Konacq, 2014). Plants need to photosynthesize the food they need for growth. The food chain is also affected. Photosynthesis is needed to make nutritious food that animals depend on for survival (Konacq, 2014). Without sunshine, “all plants die” (Konacq, 2014). Because plants support the global food chain for all life, without plants, “all animals would die” (Konacq, 2014). The sun also aids in keeping the earth at a reasonable temperature and in the past, sunshine has helped make fossil fuels which we use today (Konacq, 2014). Describe the characteristics that make water so unique and essential for life on Earth. 1. Water molecules are polar. They have a slightly positive charge on one side and a slight negative charge on the other. Water carries materials to and from cells and it dissolves polar or ionic substances (Cunningham and Cunningham, 2013). 2. Water is the only liquid that is inorganic and occurs in nature. It occurs normally and at temperatures that are suitable for life (Cunningham and Cunningham, 2013). 3. Water molecules stick together cohesively. It adheres to surfaces and can be drawn into small channels (Cunningham and Cunningham, 2014). 4. Water expands when it crystalizes. If the temperatures happen to fall below freezing, the surface layers of bodies...
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...| Green Bank Report: Finding the best green banking deals and rates * Home * Eco-Friendly Banking * iPhone * Green Bank Deals * Credit Cards * Savings Rates * Checking Accounts * CD Rates What is the Meaning of Green Banking? Posted by Clark Schultz on Friday, September 10, 2010 · Leave a Comment Defining green banking is relatively easy. It means promoting environmental-friendly practices and reducing your carbon footprint from your banking activities. This comes in many forms. Using online banking instead of branch banking. Paying bills online instead of mailing them. Opening up CDs and money market accounts at online banks, instead of large multi-branch banks. Or finding the local bank in your area that is taking the biggest steps to support local green initiatives. Any combination of the above personal banking practices can help the environment. So this leads to the question, which banks are green. In general, online banks and smaller community banks have better track record than larger banks. For instance, take a look at the banks that British Petroleum has been reported to seek lines of credit from this past summer after the oil spill. Goldman Sachs (GS) Citigroup (C) JP Morgan (JPM) Bank of America (BAC) These banks have at least one thing in common. That is, they are all large billion-dollar asset banks. They are also in the group of banks that received TARP money in the government bank bailout program. In would seem common...
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...indicate the impact of these pollutants on water resources and aquatic life) Air pollution is something in the air that causes harm to humans or the environment. There are many different forms of air pollutants and these are broken down further into primary and secondary pollutants. A primary pollutant is something that stems directly from a source such as volcanic ash or vehicle emissions. A secondary pollutant forms when two pollutants react in the atmosphere such as acid rain. Most air pollution comes from one human activity: burning fossil fuels, natural gas, coal, and oil to power industrial processes and motor vehicles. Among the harmful chemical compounds this burning puts into the atmosphere are carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and tiny solid particles including lead from gasoline additives called particulates. Between 1900 and 1970, motor vehicle use rapidly expanded, and emissions of nitrogen oxides, some of the most damaging pollutants in vehicle exhaust, increased 690 percent. (D. Stanley Eitzen, 2008) When fuels are incompletely burned, various chemicals called volatile organic chemicals also enter the air. Pollutants also come from other...
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