...Govt Budgeting and Finance Professor: Vaida Maleckaite 2011 US.Budget A Summary 02/03/2014 “Budget Message of the President” – A Summary Introduction The President of the United States prior to a budget year gives a speech on the fiscal well being of the Nation. This budget is published by the by the Office of Management and Budget. This speech outlines the economic situation, the progress that the country has made during the year 2011and the issues facing as we look forward and. The budget also includes other important documents such “Rescuing the Economy,” “Reviving Job Creation and Laying a New Foundation for Economic Growth,” and “Restoring Responsibility.” This summary discusses some of the economic indicators that caused the recession. How we were declining in manufacturing, product demand being down, and the financial institutions on the verge of collapse. This was happening along with high unemployment. “The first order of business for the new Administration was to arrest the rapid decline in economic activity.” Economic Situation In the year, preceding the President Obama’s budget speech 2011 the banking industry had stopped lending money; credit was hard to come by. They were investing in high risk ventures with bad speculations that were not successful. There were no regulations to prohibit the banks in unsound investments. The country was going into a recession and perhaps a depression. The Gross Domestic Product was the lowest in 25 years. We were...
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...Executive Summary The city of Alamo Heights builds his first school in 1909 when they build their first school. After that, in 1923 the Alamo Heights system became a district, called todat Alamo Heights Independent School district. The 5 schools that are part of this district: • Howard Early Childhood Center • Woodridge Elementary • Cambridge Elementary • Alamo Heights Junior High • Alamo Heights High School Mission Statement The Alamo Heights Independent School District, the heart of our community whose passion is excellence, will educate and empower every student to excel academically and as a confident, compassionate citizen with impeccable character and a global perspective through engaging, personally challenging, and relevant experiences that inspire learning for life”. Live Honorably Act Humbly Model Dignity Change Concept How cuts in the Texas budget will affect the students, teachers and substitute teachers in Alamo Heights Independent School District. The budget cuts were originated of three main components: • 2006 the state lowered property taxes (school taxes by 1/3). • The state used Federal stimulus money to pay raises all teachers’ salaries in the state. • The current recession has cause lower tax revenue. How badly it is? The state of Texas is projected to have a $27 billion deficit for the next two year, the US House of Representative bill was unveil in January and designate a $10 billion dollars cut in public education state-wide...
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...Education Week 4: Case Analysis: U.S. Budget Public Administration 581: Governmental Budgeting and Finance Introduction In 2009, Barack Obama took office as the 44th President of the United States. In February that same year, President Obama signed a stimulus bill into law that included tax cuts and a safety net of spending and appropriations for projects in our nation. When President Obama took office, he was faced with experts stating that this is the “worst U.S. economy since the Great Depression” (CNN U.S. 2009). Several documents that incorporate 2009 funding levels for the U.S. Government and the Department of Education, will attempt to identify trends for the years 2009 to 2011 in regards to outlays and receipts along with the GDP relationship. The following articles will be analyzed; The Budget Message of the President, Restoring Responsibility, Rescuing the Economy and Reviving Job Creation and Laying A New Foundation For Economic Growth. When analyzing this articles, we will look at what progress has the country made during this past year, what issues are we facing as we move forward, what is the economic situation and what significant issues and initiatives are discussed in these articles. One other piece of document that will be analyzed is the Department of Education. When we look at the Department of Education, we need to know what departments mission is, major funding items and what the budget in regards to outlays and receipts...
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...colleges and universities. A common criticism focuses on how education expenses continue to rise in America. Although America continues to be one of the most educated countries in the world, we have fallen behind in the percentage of young people with a college degree. As the numbers of problems have increased over the past decades, many constituencies of the higher education system have searched for stronger managers and visionary leaders. Colleges and universities need leaders and managers who can turn their visions into realities (Pietrucha, 2012). It is wise for leaders to start thinking about the needs of their followers who require support, encouragement, and reassurance and guide them through this period of vagueness and uncertainty. Summary of Political Arguments A recent political argument, the post-trillion dollar status achievement in the area of student loan debt shows no signs of reversing itself. In 2010 there were $100 billion in education loans taken out by U.S. citizens (Pietrucha, 2012). The rate of higher education cost has increased at a rate three times that of inflation over the last two decades, with average increase in college tuition around four percent annually (Pietrucha, 2012). Notwithstanding, government is continuing to encourage young people to take out higher education loans in their continued pursuit of a college degree. In his speech in Ann Arbor, Michigan, President Obama offered a plan to reduce the costs of higher education by “increasing the...
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...BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT When President Obama took office in the White House, the country was in financial turmoil. The housing market was unstable, Wall Street was crumbling beneath our feet, the automobile industry was near collapse and although I hate to mention it, the massive amount of job lost was a major issue as well. The progress that the county has made from the previous year are that of a stabilized housing market by allowing lenders to work with homeowners to keep them in their homes and the government extended financial assistance to banks, financial institutions and the automotive industry. President Obama has also, created the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) that invested in the infrastructure of the country. The ARRA provided tax cuts to small businesses, invested in health care, education and infrastructure. The issues that the country faces as we move forward include the revamping of the education, the rising cost of the health care system and figuring out how to support and protect democracy around the world while trying to reduce the overall budget. The national debt is major concern for the President moving forward. The educational system is not preparing our students for future jobs and we rank lower than our counterparts with similar resources. The health care system prices are continuing to rise, therefore millions of Americans will not be able to afford healthcare. The President must chose how to cut the military spending but...
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...Incorporating School Safety Devices into School Plant Planning Michael Hassell Providence College October 7, 2013 Background and History Schools should be safe and secure places for all students, teachers, and staff members. Without a safe learning environment, teachers may have difficulty teaching and students may find their environment a difficult one in which to learn. (DeVoe, J. et al., 2012). Priorities set by schools, local authorities, and state and federal government have prompted the nation to focus on improving the safety of American schools. The safety of our school facilities has become one of the largest issues in education and has continued to be a concern of great importance. Although the most recent national indicators demonstrate that larger gains have been made in recent years, safety issues remain substantial problems in US school buildings. Between 2004 and 2012, there was a 46 percent decrease in the violent crime victimization rate at school. Despite this decline, students who are between the ages of 12 through 18 were victims of about 700,000 violent crimes and 1.2 million crimes of theft at school in the year 2012. (DeVoe, J. et al., 2012). Among the top trends in school safety are violence, theft, bullying, drugs, and most importantly, firearms. These issues continue to grow in many schools throughout the country indicating that more remains to be done to make our school facilities safer. Furthermore, accurate...
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...AUGUST 2012 How Americans Would Slim Down Public Education By Steve Farkas and Ann Duffett Foreword by Chester E. Finn, Jr. and Amber M. Winkler Contents 1 5 8 9 Foreword Executive Summary Introduction When Times Are Tough 11 Cost-Cutting Measures that the Public Approves 19 Close Up: Is Special Education Spending Sacred? 22 Rejected Proposals 24 Split Decisions 28 Conclusion 30 Appendix A: Methodology 32 Appendix B: Complete Survey Results 42 Endnotes The Thomas B. Fordham Institute is the nation’s leader in advancing educational excellence for every child through quality research, analysis, and commentary, as well as on-the-ground action and advocacy in Ohio. It is affiliated with the Thomas B. Fordham Foundation, and this publication is a joint project of the Foundation and the Institute. For further information, please visit our website at www.edexcellence.net or write to the Institute at 1016 16th St. NW, 8th Floor, Washington, D.C. 20036. The Institute is neither connected with nor sponsored by Fordham University. HOW AMERICANS WOULD SLIM DOWN PUBLIC EDUCATION i Foreword By Chester E. Finn, Jr. and Amber M. Winkler In November 2010, Education Secretary Arne Duncan delivered a highly publicized address at the American Enterprise Institute. His message? Tough economic times lie ahead: “I am here,” he said, “to talk today about what has been called the New Normal. For the next several years, preschool, K–12, and postsecondary educators are likely...
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...California: Assessment of a Diverse Community California, also known as the golden state and a melting pot of the United States because of a diverse culture and a large immigrant population. To some Americans, it is a paradise and an ideal tourist destination because of sunny weather and easy access to oceans, mountains, and deserts. California integrates foods, languages, and traditions all over the world. According to, People of California 2006 census, California has an appraised population of 377,172,015 and is the thirteenth quickly-growing state. The population consists of 61.9% White American, 6% Black or African American, 10.4% Asian American, 18.4% other race, 1.7% American Indian, 2.1% mixed race, 38.5% are Hispanic or Latino, and 40.3% of the population is non-Hispanic Whites. The leading industries of California are agriculture, manufacturing, biotechnology, and tourism. In terms of politics, Californians are more liberal, especially those who live in the inland states. Based on California Political Parties there are six political parties, the American Independent, Democratic, Green, Libertarian, Peace and Freedom, and Republican. California experiences frequent and devastating wildfires. During the last decade in 2003 and 2009, California experienced devastating wildfires that affected countless lives. Thousands of families were left homeless and hundreds of lives were lost. California officials have made strict laws against unsafe practices that may cause accidental...
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...Flemings Alexander University of Phoenix Abstract There are many factors that have an influence on the educational process and effect student performance in the public school system. One factor of specific concern is the student-to-teacher ratio in the classroom. The premise is that teachers can coax each of the students, have one-on-one time, and easily identify student strengths and weaknesses. The increase of the population in the United States, the number of teachers, and effects of inclusive learning play a role in the number of students assigned to each classroom for instruction. Population increase has a negative effect on the public school system in every state across the United States. Budget cuts and teacher layoffs affect the ability of the administration to expand for the allowance of smaller class sizes. The goal of inclusive education is for students of different levels with disabilities to become an integral part of their perspective learning environment, but with an increase in the population, budget cuts, and teacher layoffs, the class sizes become larger degrading the educational process, and student performance suffers. Class Size and the Effect on Student Performance There are many factors that have an influence on the educational process and effect student performance in the public school system. One factor of specific concern is the student-to-teacher ratio in the classroom. The premise is that teachers can coax each of the students for better...
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...Writing grant proposals is an important aspect of the financial well-being of any human services agency. With a little talent, proper support, the right connections, and well-aimed program plans, an organization may tap into the resources offered by government, private industry, and other charitable organizations. When writing a grant proposal, there are several important steps which must all be followed if they are to be seriously considered by donors. After finding an appropriate Request for Proposal (RFP) or Request for Application (RFA), it is important to write the proposal to address the issues for which the donor is offering support or program monies. The first step is to write an abstract of your proposal; it contains a basic summary of your proposal including the name of your agency, type of agency, purpose and objectives of the project, specific interventions of the project, target population, location and setting of the project, and relevance of the proposed project to the funding intentions. (Terao & Yuen, 2003) The table of contents is the next phase of proposal submission. This page is basically a guide to what items will be covered within the proposal and where they are located. The specific aims, background and significance, and needs and problem statement are very important parts of the written proposal. These components define the specific needs of the target population, location where services will be provided, the current state of affairs, and what will...
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... Part 1- Budget Analysis…………..………………………………………….....5 Budget Analysis-General Fund...………………………………………….……8 Budget Analysis- Community Services Department……..………….………...10 Part 2- CAFR Analysis……………………………………………………........13 CAFR & Budget Comparison………………………………………………….16 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………..20 References……………………………………………………………………..21 Introduction In a season of major economic crisis, the municipal sector is facing financial pressures similar to that of large corporations. Many cash-strapped cities have fallen victim to the raging economic downturn. As a result, an instinctive recourse has become one of survival. As budgetary spending is put to the knife, the priority becomes: safeguard cash, cut spending, and minimize costs as much as possible. The municipal sector will collectively face a $56 billion to $83 billion budget gap through 2012, due to declining tax revenues, cuts in state services, and increased service demands, according to the National League of Cities [this is a great intro, putting the city in context; would be good to have a citation here and include the source in the references]. State and local governments face serious trouble because of the recession. A renewed focus will need to be placed towards value optimization even in the face of budgetary restrictions. The city should ask,” How best can we deliver value to our communities now that our budget has been cut.” With...
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...1+1 Tutoring Services: Marketing Plan Assignment 1: Part A Sade D. Mitchell Dr. James Fraser Marketing Management Strayer University Tuesday, April 29, 2014 Executive Summary 1+1 Tutoring Services is a tutoring service located in Rocky Mount, North Carolina that will offer tutoring assistance to student’s ages 5-18 years of age in all school subjects. These services will offer help to all students in the surrounding areas. The subjects consist of all math’s, all sciences, all English’s and foreign languages and precollege prep test. This tutoring service will evaluate and assess the needs of each student then prepare a customized plan to help them become successful students. This tutoring service will charge a fee for services and also accept federal funding through grants and vouchers. We will serve families with all types of backgrounds. Our motto is Education is worth the work. We will install that into all of our patrons and offer the greatest services at reasonable prices. Environmental Analysis 1+1 Tutoring Services is a small North Carolina base company located in Rocky Mount that will offer tutoring services in a wide variety of subjects. The company employs five tutors who are all college graduates who have degrees in a wide variety of subjects. The tutors are myself the owner and operator who has a degree in Business Management; Anthony Battle who has degree in English and Spanish and took several foreign language classes in college; Melissa Smith who has...
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...Executive Summary Budgetary Control within public sector entities can be a difficult task due to the complexity of the system. A budget is a financial plan that contains expected revenues and proposed expenditures for a period of time. Every public sector entity needs an operating budget, which is prepared by an executive board and then approved by legislature. One the approved budget is adopted; it becomes a law and cannot be changed. If an entity exceeds its budget, it can be forced to pay hefty fines. The funding for public sector budgets is usually from taxes, loans, revenues, fines, inflation, donations and grants. When controlling revenues, it is important to record revenues as when they are earned. Unearned estimated revenues should remain as unrealized revenues. Budgetary control over expenditures follows the logical cycle: appropriations are recorded, and then encumbrances are recorded, followed by the expenditures, and then payment is disbursed. Public sector entities face both advantages and disadvantages of budgetary control. It is a challenge for such entities to operate within their proposed budgets due to budget cuts, budget surprises, and unforeseen costs, such as emergencies. This is evident in cities such as Detroit, Michigan; Atwater, California; and Fresno California. The most relevant implication of budgetary control was seen in the government shutdown, which occurred on October 1st, and last 16 days. This paper examines the importance of budgetary control...
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...Case Analysis Nicole Derrickson Grand Canyon University: ADM 626 Jere Smith Summaries/Impact The largest amount of debt is in the form of bonds. They are a “written promise to pay a specified sum of money at a specified date or dates together with periodic interest at a specific rate” (Smith and Lynch, 2004, pg. 293). In terms of the financial crisis that took place in New York City and Orange County both either defaulted on their financial obligation or came extremely close to defaulting. In either situation, the government needed to come together, figure out the issues causing the debt crisis and find solutions to repair the body whether, locally or federally. New York Case/ Orange County New York City almost defaulted on its obligations. With help from New York State, the federal government, and others, it was able to avoid default. Because of this crisis, state and local governments now pay higher interest rates, and the financial community is now required to provide detailed financial disclosures (Smith & Lynch, 2004). Several states were affected by this crisis; North Carolina was one of the states. According to Smith and Lynch, the New York City financial crisis cost local governments in North Carolina a lot of money. It was reported that North Carolina suffered “$424,000 in first year added interest costs on bonded indebtedness and $5.1 million total in interest over the life of municipal bonds issued in 1975” (Smith & lynch, 2004, pg. 311). ...
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...Environmental Pollution Scenario Summary and Review Mary Thompson SCI/256 September 21, 2015 Marquette University Environmental Pollution Scenario Summary Muskegon County will fund pollution reduction programs, by utilizing the funding provided by America’s Clean Power Plan. We will have in place car pool requirements, carbon pollution standards for all power plants in the county, and provide the utility companies and industries access to information, guidelines and flexibility to meet our standards. The standards we have in place to reduce carbon dioxide emission will be assessed to insure the performance rates are on target. Recommendations to retrofit all city and school buses with pollution control equipment will result in the city receiving funding to complete this project. Infrastructure deterioration issues will determine any cause for concern related to traffic congestion, building code violations and the reassessments of bridges and roadways. Conversion concerns related to loss of open space on the Lake Michigan shoreline, and the parcelization of our surrounding forests will be discussed. Environmental Pollution Review The city of Muskegon has experienced, as you all know an unexpected growth in population. This increase in population can result in a myriad of consequences. Be assured our city will use the authority given and take advantage of those energy sources and the technology provided by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), to address...
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