...A Summary of the Woman, Infants, Children Nutritional Services Program Margaret Russell Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Nutritional Services is a federal program that provides health care and proper nutrition to low income pregnant, postpartum, and breastfeeding women during a crucial time for both mothers and babies. The mission of WIC is to “safeguard the health of low-income women, infants, and children up to age 5 who are at nutrition risk by providing nutritious foods to supplement diets, information on healthy eating, and referrals to health care.” (Food and Nutrition Service, 2010). Services are provided through various health clinics, hospitals, schools, community centers, and public housing centers. In the United States alone, WIC operates from 1,900 local agencies in 10,000 clinic sites, within state health departments (Food and Nutrition Service, 2010). Most state WIC programs provide vouchers that participants use at authorized food stores. A variety of state and local organizations cooperate in providing food and health care benefits to mothers. Currently, 46,000 stores in the United States accept WIC vouchers (Food and Nutrition Service, 2010). Through recent studies, it is proven that a substantial amount of pregnant women do not receive adequate nutrition and health care due to their lack of income. Socioeconomic status is connected to an individual's chance of survival at birth and during their first year. Women from lower socio-economic...
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...A Policy Options Brief by the Public Health Law Center January 2009 e Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC): Opportunities to Influence Participant’s Health in Minnesota Suggested citation: Maggie Mahoney, Tobacco Law Center, The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC); Opportunitites to Influence Participants’ Health in Minnesota (2008). December 2008 This publication was prepared by the Public Health Law Center, a program of the Tobacco Law Center at William Mitchell College of Law, St. Paul, Minnesota, with financial support provided in part by Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Minnesota. This policy brief is provided for educational purposes only and is not to be construed as legal advice or as a substitute for obtaining legal advice from an attorney. Laws and rules cited are current as of the policy brief’s publication date. The Tobacco Law Center provides legal information and education about public health, but does not provide legal representation. Readers with questions about the application of the law to specific facts are encouraged to consult legal counsel familiar with the laws of their jurisdictions. Copyright © 2008 by the Tobacco Law Center Table of Contents Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ..................................................................
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...Executive Summary In today’s economy so many of us find ourselves in difficult circumstances and in situations we never thought we would be in. So many people are wondering where their next meal will come from, the problem is these individuals are not even unemployed. Employed people in this economy are facing many economical hardships and have to change their way of living. WIC, The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children is a Federal assistance program of the Food and Nutrition Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for healthcare and nutrition of low-income pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and infants and children under the age of five has seen increase in the past five years growing from 8,088,005 to 9,176,736 participants [ (FNS USDA, 2011) ]. Many families that participate in the WIC program are military families in the U.S. military, I find it sad that the families who sacrifice for our freedom are stretched so thin that they need programs such as WIC. Many families use all of their coupons given to them to purchase food however many have found that the foods are sometimes what they don’t need, many wish they had more variety of fruits and vegetables instead of cereal, juice and peanut butter. Many families can’t use all the items they receive because their families don’t like what they are able to get or they don’t know what to use it for. A cookbook that allows moms to use the ingredients that they normally...
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...Being Poor Can Lead to Being Fat By: Genevia Holmes Could you imagine having a stroke at 26 years of age? What about having the medicine cabinet of a senior citizen at the age of 20? Can this happen to anyone you ask, the answer to this question is yes and it has happened to a Valerie Moore of Holmes County, Mississippi. Valerie unfortunately lives in one of Mississippi’s poorest areas. Valerie weighs 241 lbs. and contributes her weight gain to eating unhealthy foods. Obesity is a major public health problem in the U.S. While all segments of population are affected, low-income and food insecure people are more vulnerable due to risks associated with poverty. In Valerie’s case that is what happened. Since having the stroke Valerie has lost 70lbs but says it’s a struggle to provide whole nutritious meals if you have only $5.00 and you need to stretch it to feed yourself and 2 children. (Elliot, 2011). Obesity occurs in many households in America due to a lack of resources such as income, affordable foods and opportunity for physical activity. According to Center for Disease Control over the past 20 years there has been a dramatic increase in obesity in the United States. More than one-third of Adults and 17% of children in the U.S are obese. Americans find it easier and cheaper to provide filler foods loaded with high fructose corn syrup and other additives for their family so they can be full. In America 14.5 percent of people are struggling to put food on the table...
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...began buying a different kind of Facebook advertisement. “Sponsored stories,” as they’re called, let marketers pay to turn actions people take on Facebook into promotional content. When members click a thumbs-up button to signal that they “like” a product or brand, for example, a simple ad appears on their friends’ pages: “Julia Smith likes 1-800- HYPERLINK "http://www.Flowers.com" Flowers.com .” Those friends can click a Like button on that ad, which then shows up on their friends’ pages, and so on. Thanks in part to those ads, the company now has more than 125,000 Facebook fans, more than twice as many as it had at the start of the year. Now, says 1-800-Flowers president Chris McCann, “We look at Facebook as core to our marketing program.” So do dozens of other major brands, including Ford, Procter & Gamble, Starbucks, and Coca-Cola. Suddenly, large companies are running multimillion dollar ad campaigns on Facebook. Startups, such as the social-game maker Zynga and the daily-deal service Groupon, are mounting similar though smaller campaigns, and so are hundreds of thousands of local businesses, such as fitness salons and photographers. Facebook ads hauled in nearly $2 billion in revenues last year, according to the business information service eMarketer, and a leaked document belonging to investor Goldman Sachs revealed that the privately held company made a profit of about $500 million in the same period. It’s a stunning performance for a company many observers...
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...Introduction Course: IS3120 Week: 1 Lab: Understanding Cisco hardware The Understanding Cisco hardware lab provides you with the instructions and Cisco hardware to develop your hands on skills in understanding the output of various show commands to discover the hardware and software capabilities of a Cisco device. This lab includes the following exercises: 1) Understanding Cisco switch hardware 2) Understanding Cisco router hardware Notes As you perform the various steps of the lab, update your lab report. You will send the lab report to your online instructor for evaluation after you quit the lab. Submit the following screenshots to your online instructor for evaluation: 1) A screenshot of the output from the show version command on NYACCESS1 2) A screenshot of the show version output on NYWAN1 showing how many serial interfaces this router has These screenshots map to the evaluation criteria. Therefore, submit all screenshots to get the points assigned to all evaluation criteria. Lab Diagram During your session you will have access to the following lab configuration. Depending on the exercises you may or may not use all of the devices, but they are shown here in the layout to get an overall understanding of the topology of the lab. Internet ISP1 172.14.0.3/24 ISP2 172.14.0.4/24 172.14.0.0/24 Fas0/1 Fas0/1 Fas0/0 Fas0/0 Frame-Relay WAN NYEDGE1 Cisco 2811 Router LDNWAN1 Fas0/1 172.16.16.0/24 Fas1/0/2 Fas1/0/12 ...
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...Thesis statement: Research shows that breastfeeding is the best choice over formula because breastfeeding provides the infant with essential nutrients, helps with recovery from childbirth, and protects the infant against a number of chronic conditions. Annotated bibliography Baumgartel, K. L., & Spatz, D. L. (2013). WIC (The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children): Policy versus practice regarding breastfeeding. Nursing Outlook, 61(6). 10.1016/j.outlook.2013.05.010 This article addresses the discrepancy of policy versus practice in the government subsidized program WIC. This article shows how even though the program is meant to support at risk mothers in breastfeeding, the numbers prove that a majority of their budget is spent on formula expenses. Very little of the budget is actually allocated to breastfeeding initiatives. The American Academy of Nursing members create and execute policy related initiatives to reform the American Health system. The academy has more than 2,400 members and is the established leaders in practice and research. They are advocates in healthcare policy making in Washington DC. This source will be relevant to the research paper because it will provide examples of the lack of funding for education and for initiatives for breastfeeding awareness and support, especially for the at risk population. Gianni, M. L., Roggero, P., Morlacchi, L., Garavaglia, E., & Piemontese, P. (2012)...
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...Summary of Chapter 10 – Nutrition through the Life Span: Pregnancy and Infancy Adequate nutrition before pregnancy establishes physical readiness and nutrient stores to support fetal growth. Both underweight and overweight women should strive for appropriate body weights before pregnancy. Newborns who weigh less than 51/2 pounds face greater health risks than normal-weight infants. The healthy development of the placenta depends on adequate nutrition before pregnancy. Placental development, implantation, and early critical periods depend on maternal nutrition before and during pregnancy. Pregnancy brings physiological adjustments that demand increased intakes of energy and nutrients. A balanced diet that includes more nutrient-dense foods from each of the five food groups can help to meet these needs. Due to their key roles in cell reproduction, folate and vitamin B12 are needed in large amounts during pregnancy. Folate plays an important role in preventing neural tube defects. All pregnant women, but especially those who are less than 25 years of age, need to pay special attention to calcium to ensure adequate intakes. Fluoride supplements are not recommended for pregnant women who drink fluoridated water, but for those who live in communities where the water is not fluoridated, a fluoride supplement may protect fetal teeth. A daily iron supplement is recommended for all pregnant women during the second and third trimesters. Iron interferes with zinc absorption...
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...California: Assessment of a Diverse Community California, also known as the golden state and a melting pot of the United States because of a diverse culture and a large immigrant population. To some Americans, it is a paradise and an ideal tourist destination because of sunny weather and easy access to oceans, mountains, and deserts. California integrates foods, languages, and traditions all over the world. According to, People of California 2006 census, California has an appraised population of 377,172,015 and is the thirteenth quickly-growing state. The population consists of 61.9% White American, 6% Black or African American, 10.4% Asian American, 18.4% other race, 1.7% American Indian, 2.1% mixed race, 38.5% are Hispanic or Latino, and 40.3% of the population is non-Hispanic Whites. The leading industries of California are agriculture, manufacturing, biotechnology, and tourism. In terms of politics, Californians are more liberal, especially those who live in the inland states. Based on California Political Parties there are six political parties, the American Independent, Democratic, Green, Libertarian, Peace and Freedom, and Republican. California experiences frequent and devastating wildfires. During the last decade in 2003 and 2009, California experienced devastating wildfires that affected countless lives. Thousands of families were left homeless and hundreds of lives were lost. California officials have made strict laws against unsafe practices that may cause accidental...
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...Heritage Assessment Tool Devona Myrick Grand Canyon University: NRS-429V Teaching and Learning Styles 10-11-2014 Heritage Assessment Tool Identified over 20 years ago in the USA the use of the heritage assessment proves to be useful in the supporting the national health along with the cure and prevention of a number of diseases (Edelmam & Mandle, 2010). It is reliable in helping the medical staff to talk with their patients and families about different health prevention, cultural practices and beliefs. The aim of this paper is to compare the American, American Indian and Ecuadorian health maintenance, health protection, and health restoration. Heritage Assessment and Culture The assessment of heritage is an important step in order to have understanding of one’s cultural status. A person’s traditions, beliefs, and everyday language play an important role in impacting on the patient as well as the health provider. Diversity in people brings about different beliefs regarding health, sickness, infection, virus, birth as well as death (Edelmam & Mandle, 2010). Heritage culture is the study of people’s cultural beliefs, religious practices, social, and physical lives. It defines the understanding and awareness of different ethnic groups of people, studying and evaluating their cultural background (Rogerio-Candelera, M. A., Lazzari,M., & ...
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...| Agency Structure | | | | | Determine where each agency lies in the administrative structure of the federal government. Identify it as an executive department or an independent agency. United States Geological Survey is a scientific agency of the United States Government. It lies under the administrative structure of the Department of Interior and is an executive department. United States Forest Service sustains the health, diversity, and productivity of the Nation’s forests and grasslands. It lies under the administrative structure of the United States Department of Agriculture and is an executive department. United States Bureau of Reclamation established in 1902, the Bureau of Reclamation is best known for the dams, power plants, and canals it constructed in the 17 western states. It lies under the administrative structure of the Department of Interior and is an executive department. United States Fish and Wildlife Service is a federal government agency within the United States Department of the Interior dedicated to the management of fish, wildlife, and natural habitats. It is also an executive department. Determine which of the appropriation subcommittees has jurisdiction over each agency’s budget request. The United States Bureau of Reclamation is under the jurisdiction of the Energy and Water Development subcommittee. The United States Geological Survey is under the jurisdiction of the United States House Interior...
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...Advocacy Program on Childhood Obesity Name: Institutional Affiliation: Date: Part 1: Childhood Obesity Statistics and studies on childhood obesity indicate that obesity disproportionately affects individuals from racial minority groups and that the prevalence of the condition is increasing among such populations. Childhood obesity is a significant health issue that has numerous consequences on the affected persons and their families. The increase in childhood obesity incidences among minority populations arises from economic, cultural, and political conditions that have had an impact on the environments in which children from such groups grow. According to Caprio, Daniels, Drewnowski, Kaufman, Palinkas, Rosenbloom, & Schwimmer (2008), minority populations such as Native Americans, Mexican Americans, and African Americans experience higher prevalence rates of childhood obesity than other ethnic groups. For instance, non-Hispanic whites had 14.1%, non-Hispanic blacks had 20.2%, and the Hispanics recorded 22.4% of childhood obesity (Ogden et al., 2014). The prevalence of childhood obesity also depends on other factors such as the literacy levels of the household heads and the gender and age of the children. Members of minority populations experience numerous challenges accessing affordable health care, healthy foods and live in neighborhood environments that predispose them to obesity. Although childhood obesity is caused by several factors, the...
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...Residential Group Homes Failing Reimbursement Rates: An Analysis of North Los Angeles County Regional Center’s Failing Residential Providers August 30, 2015 Introduction In California individuals with developmental disabilities receive hands-on training provided by over 45,000 vendors, who are contracted by 21 separate non-profits called regional centers (Information About RC, 2015). Each regional center has an annual performance contract with California’s Department of Developmental Service. The performance contract measures how each regional center delivers services to the individuals they support in their catchment area. In addition, the performance contract is supposed to assure the proper funding for each regional center, and it serves as a monitoring mechanism to help verify that each regional center is using the funds appropriately (RC Performance Contracts, 2015). All of this was made possible by ground breaking legislation passed in 1977 known as the Lanterman Developmental Disabilities Act (Lanterman, 2015). The Lanterman Act declares that individuals with developmental disabilities have the same legal rights and responsibilities guaranteed to all other persons by federal and state constitutions and laws, and charges the regional center with advocacy and protection of these rights. A developmental disability is a severe incapacity which attributes to a mental or physical impairment for the individual before the age of eighteen. These disabilities...
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...central Oklahoma. Oklahoma County seats 20 different cities and town. As of the 2013 census there were 755,245 residents in Oklahoma County. Oklahoma County is 718 Square miles with a population density of approximately 1,013 people per square mile. The average housing density is approximately 416 per square mile. The county consists of a lot of open land, rivers, lakes, and ponds. The City of Oklahoma City is by far the largest in the county consisting mainly of urban development with homes and commercial properties close together. Cities like Choctaw, Oklahoma have a small downtown area but the homes are mostly spread out with approximately 1 acre lots. There is a large variety and diversity within the boundaries of Oklahoma County. Summary of Tools, Description of Community, & Interpretation of Collected Data The tool in which I used to assess the community were Population Economic Status Assessment, Disaster Assessment and Planning, Neighborhood/Community Safety Inventory, Cultural Assessment, Community and Population Health Windshield Survey, and Community and Population Health Scavenger Hunt. From the tool it helped me discover different aspects of the community and identify common health problems. The race diversity in Oklahoma County is quite large and prevalent depending on what part of the community you are in. Some parts of the community are ethnically segregated, whereas others parts race does not matter and they were segregated at a poverty level depending on...
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...2 Communities are often what shape and instill a sense of belonging for people. One such community is Northridge, which is a neighborhood located in the San Fernando Valley and is part of Los Angeles County. According to available data, there are 52,776 residents in Northridge, and diversity is a key element. A snapshot of Northridge can be seen as 49.5% whites, hispanics/latinos 50.8%, Asians 14.5%, African Americans 5.4% and others 4.6%. Along those lines, 7.6% are nonEnglish speaking and a large percentage of these residents speak languages other than English in the home. Families (married with children) make up 24.1% of households with single parents accounting for 11.8% of the residents (Lacounty.gov). Summary of Tools Population Economic Status Assessment. The median household income for Northridge in 2013 was $81,511, which is relatively high compared to the median income for California which is $61,632 (Northridge Neighborhood). While the median income is high, one source of data states 20% one in five residents of Los Angeles County receive public assistance (L.A. Times. 20% in Los Angeles County Receive Public Aid). While specific data could not be obtained for Northridge, in Los Angeles County (2011 Census) the birthrate was 130,312 and the death rate came in at 57,988, which means Los Angeles County as whole and its neighborhoods are growing both in population and diversity. In regards to health related deaths, ...
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