...MASTER THESIS School of Management and Economics Logistics outsourcing 3PL & 4PL – A Survey on Pakistani manufacturing and exporting companies Business Logistics, 15ECTS, FE–5594 Authors Muhammad Usman Tahir - 840523 Hammad Tabassum - 830509 Saeed Ahmad - 820919 Muhammad Arshad - 830804 Examiner: Helena Forslund Tutor: Petra Andresson ABSTRACT Authors: Tutor: Examiner: Title: Background: Muhammad Usman Tahir, Hammad Tabassum Muhammad Arshad, Saeed Ahamad. Petra Andersson Helena Forslund A Survey on Pakistani manufacturing and exporting companies The development of recent means of transportation, information has increased opportunities for global business and it is very common that the companies involved in global business often need to outsource logistic function, as they cannot perform global logistics on their own. The need of service effectiveness for companies and operations efficiency from logistics service providers involves the minimization of the uncertainties associated with logistics outsourcing, therefore risks reduction measures must be implemented using logistics outsourcing. - How do the Pakistani manufacturing and exporting companies currently outsource their logistics function in their downstream supply chain? - What benefits they seek with respect to 3PL and 4PL? - What factors they consider for outsourcing logistics? To investigate the current logistics outsourcing situation of the Pakistani Manufacturing and Exporting Companies. What logistics...
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...Supply Chain Management Concerns BUS630/Managerial Accounting 8/22/2011 Supply Chain Management Concerns In the modern business world with an increase in technology and information-based consumers, it is no wonder why there are many issues that deal directly with supply chain management. The authors of Managerial Accounting for Managers define supply chain management as, “A management approach that coordinates business processes across companies to better serve end consumers,” (Noreen, Brewer and Garrison, 2011, p. 25). More and more consumers are increasingly trending toward a mass of buyers that crave instant gratification, whether it through technology, delivery or service. Common issues in supply chain management involve stock availability, inventory purchasing and order to delivery timeframe. Other concerns focus on the next generation of business, which involve cost effective and green supply chain, outsourcing, new technology, consumer behavior and most importantly emerging economies. With different views and theories on supply chain management it has become an increasingly important role for businesses in order to deal with these major problems that have arisen in the past few decades. Supply Chain Management Jobs Along with all of these progressively escalating concerns comes the increase for demand in the supply chain management career field. In a recent survey conducted by Supply Management, the information found backed the...
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... BOOK: SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AUTHORS:- * PROF. N.H. MULLICK * PROF. MOHD. ALTAF KHAN BOOK REVIEW:- Prof. Mullick and Prof. Khan has written this book with an objective to present a well-documented theory on supply chain management. Supply chain is a network of facilities and distribution options that performs the functions of procurement of materials, transformation of these materials into intermediate and finished products, and the distribution of these finished products to customers. Supply chain management is typically viewed to lie between fully vertically integrated firms, where the entire material flow is owned by a single firm, and those where each channel member operates independently. There are four major decision areas in supply chain management which are location, production, inventory and transportation and there are both operational elements in each of these decision areas .In essence, supply chain management integrates supply and demand management within and across companies. Supply chain is one way to implement Quick Response Manufacturing (QRM) and which is quite similar to Just In Time (JIT) concept. Supply chain integration reference model has four major components :- * Business process models * Material flow logistics model * Information model * Decision process model The main emphasis of book lies in explaining that Supply chain management is an integrated system of organizations, technology...
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...| The Future Role of Procurement in the Global Supply Chain | | Strategic Sourcing and Procurement | | Quiqueena Cintadita | Presented to: Tim Parker Msc. Logistics and Supply Chain Management December 10 2015 | Role of purchasing has changed from year to year. Years ago, it was considered as a job to buy materials. Now, purchasing is an essential function, which is used as a strategy by companies (Monczka et al. 2010). There are many reasons leading to the changes, such as increase in competition between companies, rise in technology, and growth in customers request (Lysons and Farrington 2012). These changes make the relationship with suppliers more important and therefore transparency is needed. Nevertheless, new concepts are needed which involves technology to keep a track to organize a global supply chain (Monczka et al. 2011). Supply chains are mergers from all activities, processes, and functions, which involve all the suppliers to support organizations or companies to deliver the products and services that customers or consumers needed (Business Dictionary). As a function, purchasing took part in the process of supply chain and all the internal organizations that related with supply chain, such as engineering, manufacturing, marketing, finance, information technology, logistics, and legal. Firstly, engineering, purchasing can help the engineering to reduce the defect. For example, in one global electronic manufacturing company, the purchaser...
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...between CF and its customers, its views on outsourcing, as well as the efficiency of its operations. However the real question is; is CF taking all possible measures to fully satisfy their customer’s requirements? Are there areas within CF’s internal controls that could be altered in order to improve and provide a better experience for their customers? If not, what are the externa factors and how could outsourcing be used to capitalize on these areas of structural weakness? In addition to establishing possible solutions an examination of Canadian Freightways practices will be analyzed to determine what steps are taken to resolve all barriers of customer fulfillment, and in addition a breakdown of a make or buy analysis will define Canadian Freightways approach to outsourcing. This report will also include an evaluation of the approaches CF takes to ensure effective and efficient operations and how these activities deliver customer value. Finally a few suggested recommendations will be produced to help improve the organization’s customer fulfillment and overall success. Canadian Freightways and Outsourcing Why must Canadian Freightways outsource and what are benefits to having work operations and product production completed “in-house” (Make or buy decisions Investopia) rather than by another company? When analyzing this question it’s appropriate to consider the make or buy analysis for a company and its potentiality for outsourcing a segment of its operations or insourcing...
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...historical development of outsourcing: the latest fad? Chris Lonsdale University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Andrew Cox University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Few management practices have attracted as much attention as outsourcing is enjoying at the present time. That firms should aggressively adopt the practice is almost becoming a given, and consultants' Abstract presentations talk of a ``revolution in Notes that outsourcing is just one outsourcing''. The academic literature on the of the means by which the subject has grown in kind. boundary of the firm can be What is often lost in the hype surrounding adjusted. Considers various other means such as conglomeration the concept, however, is that outsourcing is and horizontal and vertical just one way in which the boundary of the integration. Focuses on firm can be adjusted in response to changing outsourcing and its place in this economic pressures. Indeed, any history of bigger picture and discusses the history of outsourcing. Outlines the concept should recognise this, as the concerns for managers and gives recent trends in its favour have very much case examples from Rank Zerox been set in the context of a general movement and BP. towards more ``focused'' business strategies. This article investigating the development of outsourcing is in three main sections. First, it sets outsourcing in the wider context of the boundary of the firm issue. Second, it then proceeds to discuss the history of outsourcing, and its place in...
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...Business Management: Current Trends and Practices Michael Wisma Saint Joseph College of Indiana Today, problems associated with global business management have been identified as factors that negatively impact the performance and productivity of multinational corporations and in turn, adversely affect regional and national economic growth. While factors related to logistics and distribution are important when selecting international suppliers, they are inadequate when considered in isolation of internal and external forces. This paper engages in a comprehensive and systematic analysis of global supply chain management, particularly in terms of micro and macro cultural considerations. INTRODUCTION Organizations are facing increased global competition, economic uncertainties, and changing markets. Technology is changing the way we conduct business and manage information. Outsourcing of significant functions within businesses and organizations complicates the landscape of supplier relations. Suppliers and vendor partners may be located in the same city, region or country. But they are just as likely to be located halfway around the world, adding new challenges to business management. The growth of international strategic partnerships has risen exponentially in the last twenty years. Competing in a global marketplace has made it increasingly important to align business strategies with a risk management strategy that includes strengthening global supply chains and ...
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...OPERATIONS Role of operations management Strategic role of operations Operations management is an essential key business function that overlaps with the other business functions such as marketing, finance and human resources management. Strategic means ‘affecting all key business areas’; that is, the strategic role of operations management involves operations managers contributing to the strategic plan of the business. Some of the different costs in the operations function include; input costs, labour costs, processing costs, inventory costs and quality management costs. Cost leadership involves aiming to have the lowest costs or to be the most price-competitive in the market. A key aspect to cost leadership is that although trading with the lowest cost, the overall business should still be profitable. One aspect of cost leadership arises from a business creating economies of scale. Economies of scale refers to cost advantages that can be created as a result of an increase in scale of business operations. Typically the cost savings come from being able to purchase lower cost per unit and from efficiencies created through improved use of technology and machinery. Goods/services differentiation is a key strategy applied by operations managers. Product differentiation means distinguishing products in some way from its competitors. Ways a product could be differentiated include: varying the actual product features, varying product quality, varying any improved features, varying...
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...lOMoARcPSD Summary: Book " Purchasing and Supply Chain Management ", Arjan J. van Weele Purchasing Management (Maastricht University) Distributing prohibited | Downloaded by Paulina Gali?ska (p.s.galinska@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD No one cares if you are fair or not. Use this summary, share it with you friends and good luck studying for your exam. Summary Purchasing and Supply Chain Management – Van Weele 6th Edition Jonas Heller Distributing prohibited | Downloaded by Paulina Gali?ska (p.s.galinska@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD Summary: Purchasing and Supply Chain Management 10/19/14 TABLE OF CONTENT Chapter 1: The Role of Purchasing in the Value Chain ............................................................................................................... 5 The role of Purchasing and in the Value Chain (P.5) .............................................................................................................. 5 Main differences between buying for primary activities and buying for support activities (P. 7): ........................................ 6 Definition of the concepts (p.7) ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Importance of Purchasing to Business (P.12): ....................................................................................................................... 7 Classification of purchasing goods (p. 15):...
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...Technology (IT) solutions? While the IS and IT costs and what Riordan pays for it are clear from looking at the financials, the value is not. This brings us to the question of what value does Riordan Manufacturing get out of its IS services and IT department. This question is the problem that Riordan Manufacturing has had for many years. Recently, Riordan executive management hired a new Chief Information Officer (CIO) to improve its infrastructure and to answer this question. While management wants to use more IS and IT solutions throughout the organization, it has had trouble finding the perfect fit in all aspects of its operations. Even though IS and IT costs have risen, the puzzle pieces still have not come together; the value and benefit has not been clear to the company. As we will see throughout this review, it is time to focus and find the value that technology and information brings to the organization. It is time to find the efficiencies and savings that the company needs to clearly see the value. With Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), or Supply Chain Management (SCM) systems, there has got to be value in the way they are used. There has also got to be value in...
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...APICS Certified Supply Chain Professional Exam Content Outline I. Supply Chain Management (SCM) Fundamentals (30%) A. Overview of supply chain management 1. Supply chain management process overview 2. Definitions of supply chain, supply chain management, including reverse supply chain 3. Value and benefits of supply chain management (using the supply chain to improve profitability and decrease working capital) a. Key stakeholders in the supply chain 4. Evolution of supply chain management (definition of different stages, recognition, understanding, examples) a. Functional supply chains b. Integrated supply chains (internal and external) c. Value networks B. Aligning supply chain management with corporate strategy 1. Corporate strategy (strategic and financial planning) 2. Competitive priorities and future direction (use of visibility, velocity, and variability) 3. Aligning supply chain strategy and capabilities with corporate strategy 4. Driving supply chain decisions (e.g. processes, capacities, locations, etc.) with competitive priorities and supply chain strategy 5. Using ERP to align operations with...
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...International Operations Management Strategies of Apple Inc. Introduction Apple is an American multinational technology corporation which has been highly regarded for its innovative products for a long time. Apple is recognised by customers for its hardware products including iPhone, iPad, iMac, iPod and Apple Watch, which ingeniously combine advanced features, unparalleled user experience and attention to small details in design (University Alliance, 2016). As an multinational company, Apple has its well-appointed retailing system with 475 retail stores in 17 countries (MacRumors, 2016), as well as online Apple stores and iTunes Stores of different regions. According to Forbes Lists, the market Cap of Apple is $741.8 billion in May 2015, which was identified as the most valuable brand (worth $145.3 billions) in the world (Forbes.com, 2015). For the first fiscal quarter 2016 ended December 26, 2015, Apple reported quarterly revenue of $75.9 billion with a net income of $18.4 billion (Apple Reports Record First Quarter Results, 2016). $65.5 billion of the revenue was driven by the sales of iPhone, iPad and Mac; $6.05 billion was contributed by the sales of services including Internet Services, AppleCare, Apple Pay and other services; other ptoducts like Apple TV and Apple watch brought $4.35 billion of revenue to this quarter (See Appendix I). Apple Corporation was founded by Steve Jobs, Ronald Wayne and Steve Wozniak in 1976 to sell personal computers (Richardson,...
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...CHapter 15 supply chain management Teaching Notes It is important to emphasize that Supply Chain Management involves the entire range of production and distribution processes. Students need to understand the trade offs involved in supply chain function related to JIT, inventory management purchasing and delivery lead times and quality. Supply Chain Management requires a broad view of the entire flow from purchasing to final delivery to the customer. Supply Chain Management is becoming increasingly more important due to the following factors: 1. Implementation of JIT systems. 2. Emphasis in reduction in inventories. 3. Emphasis in reduced order cycles and reduced lead times. 4. Continuous and rapid change in products and product designs (shorter product life cycles). 5. Shorter product introduction and product development times. The importance of Supply Chain Management can not be underestimated because it ensures that the right materials are at the right place at the right time at a minimal cost and maximum quantity. In addition, supply chain management requires very careful coordination of activities between various business organizations on the chain. Integration of databases and sharing key pieces of information among the different business organizations on the supply chain not only provides timely and valuable information to companies on the supply chain, but also assists in improving the trust and the overall relationship between suppliers and their customers...
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...Business process notes. Structure options for large organizations * Centralized: Authority and responsibility for mot supply related functions are assigned to a centralized power. Advantages and disadvantages of centralization Advantages would be: * Greater buying specialization * Ability to pay for talent * Consolidation of requirements – clout * Coordination of policies and procedures * Effective planning and research * Common suppliers * Proximity to major organizational decision makers * Critical mass * Firm brand recognition and stature * Reporting line – power * Strategic focus * Cost of purchasing low Disadvantages would be: * Narrow specification and job boredom * Lack of job flexibility * Corporate staff appears excessive * Tendency to minimize legitimate differences in requirements * Lack of recognition of unique needs * Focus on corporate requirements, not on business unit strategic requirements * Distance from users * Tendency to create organizational silos * Customer segments require adaptability to unique situations * Top management not able to spend time on suppliers * Lack of business unit focus * High visibility of purchasing costs Potential advantages and disadvantages of decentralization Advantages would be: * Easier coordination communication with operating department * Speed of response * Effective use of local reserves Disadvantages would...
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...customers. The Kimberly Clark Company provides an excellent example for today’s organizations with “a customer-oriented supply chain reorganization begun more than four years ago, K-C is improving distribution efficiencies, reducing transportation costs and shrinking its carbon footprint, while becoming an indispensable partner to retail customers” (Jamison, 2008, para.3). Technology and the Supply Chain Continuous advancements in technology offer new solutions to old problems in supply chain management as well as placing focus on the current needs of distribution in global markets. Real-time locations systems (RTLS) are among emerging technologies where “RFID is no longer considered an emerging technology. It is a proven solution with high value add and an increasingly attractive ROI, said Michael Liard, Director, AutoID for VDC Research Group.” (Zebra Technologies, 2012). Technology plays an important role in distribution where retail customers focus on inventory reduction while maintaining adequate supply to meet consumer demands. Real time information provides organizations such as Kimberly Clark with the necessary data to develop the most effective channels for distribution based on individual products and customers. Kimberly Clark’s EDI Solution Kimberly Clark’s efforts in supply chain improvement are validated through receipt of the Dick Clark Supply...
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