Executive Summary
Suva is the capital of Fiji. It is located in the southeast coast of Viti Levu Island. The population of this city as in 2012 was 89,038. It is the main spot in Fiji. Sugar and tourism industry are two major industries in Fiji.
With a mix of traditional infrastructures and modern architectures and the unique natural scenery, Suva attracts a lot of tourists to visit yearly. The most tourists are from Australia, New Zealand, U.S.A and Europe. When the visa-free policy approved in 2009, the number of Chinese tourists is increasing. And low price also is a reason that tourist choose Suva as a destination of holiday.
Even though, the city is with wonderful nature, there are some issues are affecting the development of tourism industry.
The increasing crime rate is continuing problem in Suva. The crime occurred frequently in Suva create a sense of fear in the minds of visitors. According to the official crime statistics, a total of 8,012 crimes were recorded. The safety issue is related to whether tourists would choose this place as a destination or not.
With the development of tourism industry in Fiji, the environmental degradation is one situation that we need pay more attention. The air pollution caused by increased urbanisation and industrial growth is destroying the nature and damaging the people’s health. And increasing waste disposal make the environment become worse. Poor hygienic conditions are damage to environment as well as stop the tourists to visit.
And political instability is a potential issue for Suva’s tourism. The tourism rate dropped to 10% after the coup 2000. While after the 2006, the rate declined to 15% to 20%.
In Suva, child labour and sec trafficking attracted the world’s attention. Human trafficking is not only damage to locals but also is a negative impact that affects tourism industry.
It is necessary to take measures to solve the problems to help the tourism industry and the city develop. Restoring law and order in Suva is a method to curb the increasing crime rate.
For the environment, use the appropriate system and educating the public are method to protect the nature.

Table of Content
1. Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
2. SWOT ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
1. SWOT analysis of Suva’ s tourism industry -------------------------------------------- 5
2.1.1 Strengths ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
2.1.1.1 The nature of Suva tourism product ------------------------------------------------- 5
2.1.1.2 Existing modern and traditional infrastructures ----------------------------------- 6
2.1.1.3 Low price in cost of living ----------------------------------------------------------- 6
2.1.2 Weaknesses ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
2.1.2.1 High crime rate ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6
2.1.2.2 Improper waste disposal -------------------------------------------------------------- 6
2.1.3 Opportunities ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
2.1.3.1 Marketing research and promotions ------------------------------------------------- 7
2.1.3.2 Ecotourism ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7
2.1.4 Threats ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
2.1.4.1 Environmental degradation ----------------------------------------------------------- 7
2.1.4.2 Instable political situation ------------------------------------------------------------ 8
3. Key Issues --------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
3.1 Safety and security issues ----------------------------------------------------------------- 8
3.1.1 High crime rate -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
3.2 Environmental Issues ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
3.2.1 Air pollution ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9
3.2.2 Solid waste disposal --------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
3.3 Political conflict ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
3.4 Poor legislation --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
3.4.1 Child labour ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
3.4.2 Sex trafficking -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
4. Recommendations ---------------------------------------------------------- 11
4.1 Restore law and order -------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
4.2 Waste management ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
4.2.1 Waste management system -------------------------------------------------------------11
4.2.2 Education on public--------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
4.2.3 Garbage classification
5. Conclusion ------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
6. Appendices ------------------------------------------------------------------ 13
6.1 Table ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13
6.1.1 Visitor Arrivals ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13
6.1.2 SWOT Analysis of tourism industry in Suva --------------------------------------- 14
6.1.3 Crime rate data ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14
6.1.4 Divisional Distribution of Street Children by Gender ----------------------------- 14
6.2 Graph ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15
6.2.1 Fiji's annual economic growth -------------------------------------------------------- 15
7. Reference -------------------------------------------------------------------- 15

1. Introduction
Suva, the largest city in Fiji, is located in the southeast coast of Viti Levu Island, in the central division. It is known as ‘the cultural crossroads of South Pacific’. It is a political, economic, major shipping and commercial centre of S Pacific. In 1882, the administration of the colony decided to move the capital of Fiji from Levuka to Suva officially.
Suva has diversified racial and population. The estimated population of this city as in 2012 was 89,038. Among them, 51% were the Indigenous Fijians, 44% were Indo-Fijians. The official languages are English and Fijian. More than half of Suva citizens are engaged in fishery, the rest are engaged in tourism, finance and manufacturing.
Sugar industry and tourism industry are two pillars of Fiji’s economy. According to official statistics, the number of tourists visit to Fiji continues to rise. The most tourists are from Australia, New Zealand, United States and Europe. Since 2009, Fiji’s government approved visa-free policy for Chinese citizens, more and more Chinese travel to Fiji (see Table 6.1.1).
And as the capital of Fiji, more and more visitors go to Suva. Suva is a city has its classical and modern elements existing side by side. The comfortable temperature and the beautiful sceneries, the unique features and traditional structures are all the reasons to attract tourists.

2. SWOT 1. SWOT analysis of Suva’ s tourism industry
There are some strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats relevant to Suva’s tourism industry (see Table 6.1.2).
2.1.1 Strengths
2.1.1.1 The nature of Suva tourism product
The abundant cultural resources and the unique natural landscapes are attractive points to attract tourists. Suva is located on the southeast coast of the island of Viti Levu which the biggest island in Fiji. With harbour and tropical mountain scenery, make Suva extremely attractive. The slow pace of life, friendly Fijians and the perfect view are the reason why people choose Suva as a destination to have holiday. On the beach, tourists can enjoy sunshine or do some sporting activities to spend a relaxing time,

2.1.1.2 Existing modern and traditional infrastructures
In addition to the islands and beaches, some infrastructures also become the landmarks in Suva.
Thurston gardens, here are at most traditional handicraft collections of Fiji in the world and a lot of items about Britain’s royal navy. Inside of the Thurston gardens, there is the Fiji museum that recording the history and culture about Fiji. And there are a lot of traditional architectures on the streets that contrast with those modern building. All the infrastructures are appealing to tourists.

2.1.1.3 Low price in cost of living
The cost of living in Suva is low. Such as hotel daily room rates, meals or drinks in one restaurant are lower than other international locations. On average, one mid-range international meal for 2 person costs USD$ 20. Other consumptions are also cheap that is the important reason why tourist want to come to Suva.

2.1.2 Weaknesses
2.1.2.1 High crime rate
The crime situation always affects the Suva’s tourism industry, and even whole country. There is no measure to reduce the case by the local government. During the daytime still can see the police walk around the streets, however, at night, the crime rate increased obviously. Street crime occurred frequently create a sense of fear in the minds of visitors.

2.1.2.2 Improper waste disposal
More tourists visit, more waste disposals come out.
In Suva, there is no an international health and safety standard about the environment. The pollution already engaged the health and safety to the local and tourists. This would affect the image of a city and provide a negative impact to develop the tourism industry.

2.1.3 Opportunities
2.1.3.1 Marketing research and promotions
In order to expand tourism industry in Suva, do some marketing is a useful way to know what the tourists concerned and interested.
Based on the statistics, the tourists are mainly from Australia, New Zealand, United States and Europe. For the Asian market namely China, Japan, Korea, Malaysia and India, the government can take measures to match the tourists’ different needs of different nationalities after market survey.
And research in what kind of activities and sections that the tourists expend more. Command the demand of tourists specifically and do more promotions to increase the expenditures of tourists are the opportunities for increasing the profits and enhance the local economic.

2.1.3.2 Ecotourism
Ecotourism is also a good way to promote tourism industry of Suva.
It is not only for the cities and islands; also provide a unique opportunity for rural areas and Fijians those live in the suburbs.
At the same time, it will help to protect the Suva’s nature environment and promote the development of ecotourism.

2.1.4 Threats
2.1.4.1 Environmental degradation
The number of tourists increase, the natural source under more pressure.
For instance, snorkelling and scuba diving are the most popular activities that the tourists go to the beach. These items drive the tourism industry to Fiji as well as damage to the environment.
In order to make the tourism industry more developed, it is no choice to build more infrastructures. Cut down trees, destroy living beings is a threats when develop the tourism industry.

2.1.4.2 Instable political situation
Instable political situation pose a major threat to the Suva’s tourism industry.
Political instability caused by the four coups which were two military coups in May 1987 and in October 1987, the civilian coup in May 2000 and the military coup in December 2006. On April 2009, the constitutional crisis also made the politics in limbo. These create a major threat to the tourism industry in Suva.

3. Key Issues
Even though, the city is with great climate and the wonderful nature resources, there are still many issues that impact the tourism industry in Suva.

3.1 Safety and security issues
3.1.1 High crime rate
Crime is a serious and continuing problem in Fiji. Compared to the rural areas, the crime rate in urban areas is even higher, like in Suva and Nadi. Most crimes are petty theft; burglary and robbery (see Table 6.1.3).
According to the official crime statistics reported by Fiji police in 2012, a total of 8,012 crimes were recorded. Among them, 448 cases of rape and attempted rape, and 264 indecent assaults and 101 defilement of young girls. Most crimes happen at night, and most victims are travellers. After the coup in 2006, the economic decrease and declines in the rule of law are the reasons why the crime rate increased in Fiji. The increase crime rate is related to whether tourists would choose this place as a destination or not. And the city’s image is tarnished and results in decline in tourism industry.

3.2 Environmental Issues
The environment is an integral part of Suva’s products and services and the quality of nature plays a significant role in the success of tourism industry.

3.2.1 Air pollution
Fiji is famous for it beautiful natural scenery, however, the air pollution is destroying the nature and damaging the people’s health.
As with other developing countries or cities, the pollution caused by increased urbanisation and industrial growth is a serious issue that Suva faces.
Air pollution comes from vehicle exhaust emissions, atmospheric fallout of pollutants, followed by discharges from shipping, offshore oil and gas production.
Open burning is very common in Suva. This behaviour also cause the air pollution became worse and worse.

3.2.2 Solid waste disposal
The increasing disposal of waste is becoming the global issue, especially in developing countries and cities. However, solid waste disposal facilities are very poor in Suva currently. Urban waste disposals including both industrial and household waste have neared capacity in their existing land fill sites.
There is not a single rubbish dump is environmentally safe around the city. About 7 out of 11 sites located in mangroves which are polluting the waste and air. Most of dumps are openly with flies, rodents, pests, and scavengers.
Poor hygienic conditions are damage to environment as well as stop the tourists to visit.

3.3 Political conflict
The political issue in Fiji obviously becomes major problem that Fiji faces and affects the economy of whole country. According to the statistics from World Bank reported, GDP growth in Fiji has been erratic from 2000 to 2010.
It is generally known that four coups happened in Fiji in recent two decades. There are military coups in May 1987 and in October 1987 and in December 2006, the civilian coup in May 2000.
According to the statistics by the Fiji tourism board, the tourism rate dropped to 10% after the coup 2000. While after the 2006 coup, the rate declined to 15% to 20%.
Demonstration, military activities and large crowds were appeared in Suva when the Fijian government abolished the constitution of Fiji in April 2009. The chaotic political situation make tourists dare not went to Suva.

3.4 Poor legislation
3.4.1 Child labour
In Fiji, the number of children drop out school is increasing. According to the data by the ministry of education, about 15% children do not survive the full year of primary school. What are they doing after they drop out school? The United States Department of Labour report 2008, ‘Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Fiji’, added sex tourism and trafficking to the list of Child Labour forms found in the country.
Of the survey, most of child labour is concentrated in Suva (see Table 6.1.4). These children in child labour were engaged in different kinds of work. The common types of activities are pushing wheel barrows in and around the Suva market, shining shoes, begging, street vending and collecting scrap metal and so on.
According to the International Labour Organisation, almost 79% of child labour worked because they want to aid to their family. Poor poverty is another big issue through by the child labour.
Lack of education for these children, it increases illiteracy in the city. And they do not have any skills and abilities when they become adults and entre into society. Thus, it will increase the unemployment rate of Suva and hinder the growth of economic of Fiji.

3.4.2 Sex trafficking
It is not uncommon phenomenon of children and foreign women subjected to forced labour and internal sex trafficking in Suva.
According to the Fiji Times Online reported on 17 May 2010, the Fiji's Police commissioner, Commodore Esala Teleni, said that ‘human trafficking was as real as slavery and the criminalisation of human trafficking laws have not deterred traffickers’.
‘Trafficking is a result of very serious social problems and it cannot be solved by legislation alone’.
The official data showed that people who subjected to sex trafficking that 49% of them have been physical abused, 18% contracted HIV/AIDs or STDs, 6% have been pregnant.
Human trafficking is not only damage to locals but also is a negative impact that affects tourism industry. Visitors will worry about their own safety and give them a bad impression when trafficking rate is very high in the destination. Thereby, it will cause reduce of the tourist.

4. Recommendations
4.1 Restore law and order
The first step that Suva government needs to do is to restore law around the city. Take the appropriate measure to curb the increasing crime rate. The safety and security of a country or a city is not only can attractive more tourists but also is point that makes investors willing to invest. High level of raw and order can remove the sense of fear in the mind of tourists. At the same time, provide safety information on official tourism board and point out the areas where with high crime rate. For the tourism enterprises, ask them to set up security department with security devices.

4.2 Waste management
4.2.1 Waste management system
To set up a waste management system that contains collection, disposal and recycling.

4.2.2 Education on public
Except use the appropriate system to help clean the environment, the government also needs to use some media or take some measures to let the local and tourists protect the surrounding consciously. Such as create an official website of the protection for city environment; punish those who drop litter at public.

4.2.3 Garbage classification
In many developed countries, garbage classification is popularization. People classify the garbage into recyclable waste, harmful waste, other waste, food scrap, medical waste and non-recyclable waste. However, there is not common in the most developing counties. Most of dumps in Suva are openly with flies, rodents, pests, and scavengers. The government can set up garbage classification project to reduce cover of area and the pollution of environment. And it is more convenient to recycle waste.

5. Conclusion
Fiji is known as ‘limelight paradise’. As the capital of Fiji - Suva has its unique charm and wonderful scenery. However, a variety of issues lead to Suva is still a developing city.
Instable political situation pose a major issue in Suva. The four coups which were two military coups in May 1987 and in October 1987, the civilian coup in May 2000 and the military coup in December 2006 caused the unsafe problems in Suva that made the tourists dare not to visit. It is also damage to economic growth in Fiji.
Environmental degradation in Suva also needs to pay attention. The white sandy beaches and wonderful islands with tropical marine weather are the reasons to attract tourists. Therefore, protect the nature of Suva is very important to the development of tourism industry.
High crime rate, sex trafficking and child labour reflect the safety and security issues in Suva. However, there are no appropriate measures to reduce the case by the local government. When the tourists choose one destination for travel, the safety of this destination is one of factors they care about.
Solving the problems or reducing the phenomena in Suva will help the tourism industry developing faster.
The first thing that Suva government needs to do is to restore law around the country. No matter for the protection of environment or to reduce the crime rate, the laws of a country is the most important tool to promote the social.
After that, protecting everything that the nature gave us with management system and self- awareness are the second step what we can do for developing the tourism industry in Suva.
Although there are a lot of issues in Suva, Fiji, but it is one of most economically developed country in Pacific Islands. If there are no more these issues in Fiji, it will become a real paradise.

6. Appendices
6.1 Table
6.1.1 Visitor Arrivals
| |Australia |New Zealand |U.S.A |Europe |Japan |South Korea |China |Total |
|Yearly | | | | | | | | |
|2005 |203,250 |112,932 |62,640 |25,123 |22,304 |8,775 |- |545,145 |
|2006 |206,529 |107,277 |66,631 |26,801 |23,794 |11,257 |- |548,589 |
|2007 |207,001 |99,744 |64,687 |26,311 |22,800 |9,984 |- |539,881 |
|2008 |247,608 |100,018 |63,667 |29,512 |21,918 |7,421 |- |585,031 |
|2009 |248,589 |90,898 |51,592 |28,926 |14,975 |4,904 |4,087 |542,186 |
|2010 |318,185 |97,857 |53,122 |30,088 |12,011 |6,327 |18,147 |631,868 |
|2011 |344,829 |103,181 |55,089 |32,354 |9,616 |5,101 |24,389 |675,050 |

Source: Fiji Bureau of Statistics

6.1.2 SWOT Analysis of tourism industry in Suva

|Strengths |Opportunities |
|Abundant natural resources |Marketing research and promotion |
|Existing infrastructures |Ecotourism |
|Cheap price of commodities and food | |
|Weaknesses |Threats |
|Crime rate |Damage the environment |
|Lack of travel information system |Political instability |
|Improper waste disposal | |

6.1.3 Crime rate data
[pic]
Source: Fiji Police Force - Crime Statistics Report

6.1.4 Divisional Distribution of Street Children by Gender
[pic]
Source: International Labour Organisation
6.2 Graph
6.2.1 Fiji's annual economic growth
[pic]
Source: World Bank
7. Reference