p.e revision

stages of learning –

cognitive 1. beginner stage 2. demonstrations important 3. clear verbal explanations 4. visual demonstration give learner mental picture of movement 5. verbal cues – ensure correct sequence of movement 6. limited attention capacity 7. brief instructions – to the point 8. USE MANUAL GUIDANCE – GUIDE LEARNER THROUGH MOVEMENT 9. Lots of mistakes in this phase 10. Give extrinsic feedback and positive reinforcement of correct responses 11. Helps learner progress to associative
Associative
1. has mental picture of what required 2. still makes mistakes 3. more fluent movement patterns 4. begins to refine skills that are well learned 5. begins to know feel of movement – begin to use kinesthetic feedback 6. still need extrinsic feedback – technique – timing 7. faults need to be corrected – stop bad habits
Autonomous
1. movement patterns well learned + performed competently + automatic 2. learner does not have to concentrate on performance – spare attention capactity 3. enabled to concentrate on other things 4. learner makes greater use of kinaesthetic info 5. benefit from more complicated technical feedback

transfer of learning – effect learning one task has on learning of another task. NOT ALL TRANSFER ENHANCES LEARNING. Transfer is a complex concept + can take many forms

positive transfer – occurs before learning promotes present learning negative transfer – before learning has an inhibiting effect on learning a new task zero transfer – prior to learning has no effect on present learning bi-lateral transfer – transfer between limbs pro active transfer – effect learning a skill has on skill not yet learned retroactive transfer – effect learning skill has on previously learned skill – could be positive neg or zero.