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Swaps

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Slide19.12

Lets take for example Bank A which is a TRIPLE AAA RATED international bank in UK. They wish to raise 10M to finance their floating or variable Eurodollar loans. They have 2 options ■ issuing 5 year fixed bonds at 10% or Floating rate at LIBOR. ■ It would make more sense for them to issue floating rate LIBOR because the loans that they have are floating rate.

Slide 19.13 Lets look at Firm B it’s a BBB rated US company, it needs 10M to finance an investment with a 5 year economic life. They have 2 options for financing - Issuing 5 year fixed rate bond at 11.75 ( BBB rated , higher risk then AAA) - Alternatively they can issue 5 year floating-rate notes at LIBOR + .5% percent. They would prefer the fix because they would want stability

Slide 19.14

Here is the summary of their borrowing opportunities, Bank A would prefer LIBOR and Firm B 11.75 Fix

Slide 19.15

Speculating that interest rates will go up in the future, Bank A starts to look at better opportunities , it gets the following offer from SWAP BANK.

Slide 19.16

Instead of paying rates at LIBOR , pay us LIBOR less (.125) and in the meantime deposit with us 10M and we will pay you 10.375 rate interest for 5 years. Remember Bank A has excellent credit and it can burrow from outside at 10% fix.
So what Bank A does is burrow 10M from outside at 10 % fix and get 10.375 and in the meantime have an extra .125 discount on their LIBOR rate this will translate to .5% rate saving which is equivalent to $ 50,000 per year for five years.

Slide 19.17

Now let ‘s see how the SWAP BANK came up with these rates.

Company B speculating that the interest rates will go down in the future in US and feeling that 11.75% is an expensive rate to pay they start looking for better opportunities , this is where the SWAP Bank comes into the

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