... If their answers to question #4 in case 2.1 and question #5 in case 2.2 differ from yours, please ask them to explain how they arrived at their diagnosis. If the two classmates you responded to have the same diagnosis for the cases as you do ask them what psychosocial intervention would they use with these clients and why are they making these treatment recommendations. When diagnosing the case, please list the symptoms that are supportive of your diagnosis. Case 2.1 2.1-1 How would you describe the presenting problem? Inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity in addition to unexpected...
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...Schizophrenia is a chronic illness inadequately response to current antipsychotic medications. One of the symptoms of schizophrenia that is least responsive to treatment is cognitive impairment of memory and attention; however, there are no adequate pharmacological treatments that able to restore the cognitive function. Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are associated with abnormalities of prefrontal cortex and hippocampal region. Sex hormones have positive effects in both cortex and hippocampus that may affect the course of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia has a greater different in women compared with men. In women, the symptoms of schizophrenia are exacerbated when estrogen level is low, whereas the symptoms can reduce during pregnancy...
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...and select appropriate psych tests or measures | Goals of Assessment | * What procedures and instruments to use – age, med condition, and symptoms influence tools – psychologist’s theoretical perspective also affects scope. * Integrate findings to develop preliminary answers – shares this – process sometimes has therapeutic effect – feedback | Screening | * Screening - an assessment process that attempts to identify psychological problems or predict the risk of future problems among people who are not referred for clinical assessment * All members of group are given a brief measure for which some identified cutoff score indicates the possibility of significant problems, e.g. Centre for Epidemiological Studies-D (CES-D) – possibility of depression. * General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) – broad-based – indicates if more thorough evaluation is needed. * AUDIT test – 10-item screen to identify substance abuse * To evaluate usefulness of screening, they must have: * Sensitivity – ability of the screener/instrument to identify a problem that actually exists. * Specificity – indicates % of time the absence of a problem is accurately identified. * False positives & False Negatives | Diagnosis and Treatment Planning | * Diagnosis - the identification of an illness – requires the presence of a cluster of symptoms – typically made after a clinical interview – facilitates commons between clinicians and researchers – critical for planning...
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...allowance determination. The evidence in file does not support the severity assessed by the DDS. CASE DISCUSSION & POLICY ANALYSIS (INCLUDING SPECIFIC REFERENCES) This 56- year old claimant is filing a concurrent claim alleging disability due to lumbar degenerative disk disease, lumbar radiculopathy, sciatica, sleep apnea and multiple other medical impairments. The evidence in file shows the claimant has a history of depression. She was seen 7/13/17. At the exam, she appeared appropriate, her attitude was cooperative and her affect was sad. Her memory, judgment and insight were intact. At the exam on 2/12/17, she was alert and oriented to three spheres. At the consultative exam on 8/8/16, she was cooperative and her motor behavior was lethargic. She had appropriate eye contact. Her speech was fluent & clear. Her thought processes were coherent and goal directed. Her affect was depressed. She reported her mood as depressed. Her attention, concentration and memory skills were intact. Her intellectual functioning appeared to be in the...
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...Autism Autism or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are complex disorders of the brain. These disorders include difficulties with verbal and nonverbal communication, difficulties in social interaction, and uncontrollable repetitive behaviors. All of these can have different degrees of severity. Symptoms tend to emerge between the ages of two or three 1 in 68 American children are on the autism spectrum Autism is associated with intellectual disability, issues with motor coordination and attention Other characteristics often associated with autism are: resistance to environmental change and / or change in daily routine unusual responses to sensory experiences In some cases, those with autism excel in math, art, and music Deaf-Blindness Deaf and blindness are impairments in hearing or an impairment of sight. It can also be a combination of the two. This impairment often restricts access to communication, the environment, and people. Both can be caused by birth defects, disease, and injury Both can create difficulties in communication With either impairment, students have the ability to excel in many subjects Developmental Delay Developmental delay is a condition of a child being less developed mentally and / or physically than is considered normal for its age. Often called “developmental milestones” Can be caused by genetics, complications of pregnancy and birth, and environmental issues Often observed with children who are born premature There are five developmental...
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...Neck pain is a common occurrence affecting 10% of general population at least once during their lifetime(1). The occurrence rate of neck pain is 50-70% among individuals and 5 years after the onset of symptoms approximately 60% of patients experience chronic pain which lead to severe disability(2,3).Mechanical neck pain is a common classification of neck pain also called non- specific neck pain without specific underlying cause(4).Mechanical neck pain is defined as generalized pain in cervical spine or shoulder area with musculoskeletal and functional symptoms( e.g. decreased ROM, decreased work tolerance, impaired muscle coordination, stiff joint , pain and tenderness in neck region) exacerbated by neck postures, neck movement, or palpation of cervical muscles(5)(6).Mechanical neck pain affects 30-50% of both male and female at any given times leading to muscular, joint and neural impairments(7)(8)....
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...Symptoms vary depending on age, size of injury, and the location of the brain injury. There are only two types of traumatic brain injuries: open or closed head injuries resulting in one or more of the thirteen areas of impairment including: “(a) Cognition; (b) Language; (c) Memory; (d) Attention; (e) Reasoning; (f) Abstract thinking; (g) Judgment; (h) Problem-solving; (i) Sensory, perceptual, and motor abilities; (j) Psychosocial behavior; (k) Physical functions; (l) Information processing; and (m) Speech.” (Vaughn 2014). Symptoms are not limited to, but could also include: dizziness, vomiting, headache, confusion, difficult speaking, slurred speech, body numbness, slow pulse, vision changes. These impairments have the ability to be temporary or permanent, resulting in a full or partial...
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...Conditions Related to the Eye and Blindness Michael A. Allen Jackson State University Abstract Conditions related to the eye and blindness is very common. There are many disease of the eye. Many of these diseases can cause a lot of harm. There are five main points that will be discussed they are age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, retinopathy, visual impairment in higher learning, and social support for the visually impaired. Macular degeneration often damages central vision and is prevalent in people age 60 and over with rare cases of people fewer than 50. Retinitis Pigmentosa is common among families; it’s not always related to hereditary factors. Retinopathy is a common problem for people with diabetes where retinal blood vessels break down and affect vision. People with visual impairments who are in higher learning are very common now days and accommodations are set up for persons. Social support for people who are visually impaired is key factors to helping those individuals have a normal and productive life. Introduction There are many eye conditions. They are listed as followed. Lazy Eye or Amblyopia is a very common condition. Usually present early in childhood, lazy eye can be corrected if caught early. Learn what you can do to correct this eye condition before it becomes severe. Aphakia is a condition where the lens of the eye is missing. It can greatly decrease your vision acuity and cause other problems if not treated. Astigmatism...
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...discriminate between genders and is being more frequently diagnosed in children. This paper will explain what bipolar disorders are and how they affect the individual’s ability to function. Bipolar Disorders Bipolar Disorder, also known as manic -depression, causes shifts in a person’s mood, energy, perception, and ability to function in a consistent day-to-day life. If untreated, it can cause a person to lose friends, jobs, money, and, in the worst cases, their life. Fortunately, there are treatment options and ways a person with a bipolar disorder can manage their life with minimum episodes to maintain a good quality of life. There are four diagnostic bipolar disorders all differing in types, severity, and frequency of episodes. The four types of bipolar disorders are Bipolar I Disorder, Bipolar II Disorder, Cyclothymic Disorder, and Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified. The disorders involve a history of Manic Episodes, Mix Episodes, or Hypomanic Episodes usually accompanied by a history of Major Depressive Episodes. (DSM-IV, 2000) These episodes have certain criteria for diagnostic purposes that are defined in the DSM-IV. The primary indicator of a Major Depressive Disorder is a period of two weeks in which the individual experiences either a depressed mood or a lack of interest in activities. The depressed mood may be described by the individual as...
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...life. The signs usually develop gradually, but some autistic children first develop more normally and then regress. Early behavioral or cognitive intervention can help autistic children gain self-care, social, and communication skills. Although there is no known cure, there have been reported cases of children who recovered. Not many children with autism live independently after reaching adulthood, though some become successful. An autistic culture has developed, with some individuals seeking a cure and others believing autism should be accepted as a difference and not treated as a disorder. Social deficits distinguish autism and the related autism spectrum disorders from other developmental disorders. People with autism have social impairments and often lack the intuition about others that many people take for granted. Some unusual social development becomes noticeable in early childhood. Infants show less attention to social stimuli, do not look or smile at people as often, and do not respond to their name as much. They also do not possess the ability to use simple movements to express themselves. Three- to five-year-old autistic children are less likely to exhibit social understanding, approach others spontaneously, imitate and respond to emotions, communicate nonverbally, and...
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...A syndromal approach to psychopathology is also viewed as a descriptive approach with significantly limited explanatory power, as the focus of diagnoses relies on symptom presentation rather than underlying causes (Widiger & Trull, 2007). The emphasis placed on symptomatology raises concerns regarding normal and abnormal demarcation, comorbidity, heterogeneity, and cultural factors that are further addressed below (Nathan & Langenbucher, 1999; Widiger & Clark,...
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...and children Contents Autism Defined Qualitative Impairments in Social Interaction Qualitative Impairments in Communication Restricted Repetitive and Stereotyped Behaviors, Interests, and Activities The Diagnosis of Autism Causes of Autism Treatment for Autism What research is being done? References Autism Defined Autism is the most common condition in a group of developmental disorders known as the autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Autism is characterized by impaired social interaction, problems with verbal and nonverbal communication, and unusual, repetitive, or severely limited activities and interests. Other ASDs include Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD), and pervasive developmental disorder (PDD). According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV), published by the American Psychiatric Association (2000, pp. 70-71), children with autism demonstrate the three core symptoms: qualitative impairments in social interaction, qualitative impairments in communication, and restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interest, and activities. The symptoms vary according to the severity of the disorder. Qualitative Impairments in Social Interaction Social interaction is characterized as having problems with interacting with other people. Among the symptoms with infants is they do not exhibit any eye contact, and this is something...
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...INTRODUCTION While cerebral palsy is a blanket term commonly referred to as “CP” and described by loss or impairment of motor function, cerebral palsy is actually caused by brain damage. The brain damage is caused by brain injury or abnormal development of the brain that occurs while a child’s brain is still developing — before birth, during birth, or immediately after birth. Cerebral palsy affects body movement, muscle control, muscle coordination, muscle tone, reflex, posture and balance. It can also impact fine motor skills, gross motor skills and oral motor functioning. Those with cerebral palsy were most likely born with the condition; although some acquire it later. It was once thought that cerebral palsy was caused by complications during the birthing process. While this does happen, it is now widely agreed that birthing complications account for only a small percentage, an estimated ten percent, of cerebral palsy cases. In my interview with Mrs. Rachel Kagichiri, a parent to a recently diseased CP child, she explained to me that many of the misconceptions we have about the disease should be done away with. Karanja, her son, was often blamed on her ‘negligence’ by relatives and friends who openly thought she must have done something for her son to turn out this way. Current research suggests the majority of cerebral palsy cases result from abnormal brain development or brain injury prior to birth or during labor and delivery. Accidents, abuse, medical malpractice...
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...and not all people who are extremely talented have Asperger syndrome. Asperger syndrome is categorized into a disorder called Pervasive Developmental Disorders. Other diagnostic categories include autistic disorder, Rett’s disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (Mastropieri & Scruggs, 2010, p. 86). Individuals with Asperger syndrome tend to develop more sophisticated communication than individuals with any other pervasive developmental disorders, but they have difficulties with social interactions. Although autism is considered more of a communication deficit and Asperger syndrome is considered more of a socialization deficit, both of these disorders can have both symptoms because these two deficits are...
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...and misunderstood. One of the leading reason why it is so misunderstood is that the word schizophrenia literally means ‘split mind’ which has nothing to do with a split in mind or personality instead it refers to a split from reality. Although schizophrenia is not as common as other mental disorders, the symptoms can be very immobilizing. Usually starting between the ages 16 through 30 or some rare cases...
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