...CONCATENATIVE TEXT-TO-SPEECH SYNTHESIS OF TWO-SYLLABLE FILIPINO WORDS Lourdes T. Tupas, Rowena Cristina L. Guevara, Ph.D., and Melvin Co Digital Signal Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering University of the Philippines, Diliman ABSTRACT In concatenative-based speech synthesizers, one of the most important problems is proper union of speech units to achieve an intelligible and natural-sounding synthetic speech. For that purpose, speech units need to be processed and concatenated so that discontinuities at concatenation points are minimized. Another possible solution to this is by using a larger speech unit to decrease the number of concatenation points. In this project, which utilized two-syllable Filipino words, the speech unit is syllable. Characterization of these Filipino words is done to differentiate words of the same spelling but of different meanings. This characterization took note of the pitch, duration of utterance of each syllable in the word, and the first three formant frequencies. A digital signal processing (DSP) block is also implemented. It accepts two-syllable text and outputs all the possible utterances of that word; this block is the text-to-speech synthesizer. A two-interval forced choice test was conducted to evaluate the level of naturalness of the synthesized speech. Words of the same spelling but of different meanings are distinguished using the prosody and intelligibility test. 1. INTRODUCTION ...
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...journal entries (or the sum total, if that helps) and to synthesize some thread of thinking or learning that you find in there. You might build on a single entry or on something bridging multiple entries, but the point is to capture something that you are learning. We expect the paper to have some over-arching, coherent argument so that it is not simply a string of thoughts. A string of thoughts is fine for your journal entries, but here we do want some synthesis. You should not spend time summarizing your activities, unless that is essential for your argument. Grading Criteria The criteria we will use to evaluate the papers are listed below. Note that you do not have to address all of these criteria in one paper. We want you to address all of them over the course of the semester, but any single paper can focus on only one or two of these. Regardless of what you choose to write your reflection synthesis on, your paper must demonstrate clear, coherent argumentation. 1. Expression of Learning 2. Discussion and/or synthesis of course readings 3. Reflection on assumptions and cultural frames of reference 4. Connection to proposal process Word Count The reflection papers, except for the final one, should be at least 500 words, but not a lot longer than that. The final paper should be around 1,500...
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...SYNTHESIS AND RELEVANCE OF THE REVIEW A general synthetic route to two DOTA-linked N-Fmoc amino acids (DOTA-F and DOTA-K) is described that allows insertion of DOTA at any endo-position within a peptide sequence. Three model pentapeptides were prepared to test the general utility of these derivatives in solid-phase peptide synthesis. Both DOTA derivatives reacted smoothly by means of standard HBTU activation chemistry to the point of insertion of the DOTA amino acid, but extension of the peptide chain beyond the DOTA-amino acid insertion required the use of pre-activated C-pentafluorophenyl ester N-alpha-Fmoc amino acids. Three Gal-80 binding peptides (12-mers) were then prepared by using this methodology with DOTA positioned either at the N terminus or at one of two different internal positions;the binding of the resulting GdDOTA-12-mers to Gal-80 were compared. The methodology described here allows versatile, controlled introduction of DOTA into any location within a peptide sequence. This provides a potential method for the screening of libraries of DOTA-linked peptides for optimal targeting properties This report describes the synthesis and structural characterization of the indium complex of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid mono(p-aminoanilide) (DOTA-AA), a model compound for 111In-labeled DOTA-biomolecule conjugates. In(DOTA-AA) was prepared by reacting DOTA-AA with 1 equiv of InCl3 in 0.5 M ammonium acetate buffer (pH ∼ 6). It was characterized...
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...Synthesis Essay H.P. Lovecraft said, “Classics are a story of the past but shall live longer than any man as ever seen.” When you read the classics, such as: Dr. Seuss’ stories, The Pit and The Pendulum by Edgar Allan Poe, and the Raven by Edgar Allen Poe, you get an insight to history. A classic is only a classic if it talks about, or tackles, the problem of the day that it was written or the problems of the future. Classics are historical books that have an outstanding meaning to them and they all relate to life and they are relevant today because the meaning portrayed by them, transcend over time. Classics are classics if they consist of one of these topics: love, death, and wishes. The first theme you’ll see most commonly used in a classic is love. In the stories, “Sonnet 18” and “Sonnet 130” by W. Shakespeare, and “Annabel Lee” by Edgar Allen Poe, they all portray that love is a wonderful thing. In Sonnet 18, lines 1-4, it states, “So long as man can breathe or eyes can see so long lives this, and gives life to thee.” The meaning of this is that your beauty and love for one another is never failing as you continue to live. In sonnet 130,lines 9-11, Shakespeare wrote, “I love to hear her speak, yet well I know that music hath a far more pleasing sound. I grant I never saw a goddess go.” As you can see, love can be a good or bad thing. In this case, love is a hideous thing and Shakespeare wrote about how love is funny. In a change to the meaning of love we move to the light...
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...BLUE PRINT - CHEMISTRY - Higher Secondary – Second Year Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 150 S.No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. OBJECTIVES Atomic Structure Periodic Classification p-Block elements d-Block elements f-Block elements Co-ordination and Bio-coordination compounds - KNOWLEDGE E/LA SA VSA 1(3) UNDERSTANDING O E / L A SA VSA 1(1) 1(5) 1(3) 1(3) 1(1) - APPLICATION SKILL O E/LA SA VSA O TOTAL 10 09 O E/LA SA VSA 1(5) 1(3) - 1(1) - - 1(5) - - 1(5) 1(5) 1(5) - 1(1) 12 18 07 11 1(5) 1(3) - 1(3) 1(1) 1(1) 1(1) 1(1) 1(5) 1(1) - 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Nuclear Chemistry Solid state Thermodynamics-II Chemical equilibrium-II Chemical Kinetics-II Surface Chemistry Electrochemistry-I Electrochemistry-II Isomerism in Organic Chemistry Hydroxy Derivatives Ethers Carbonyl Compounds Carboxylic Acids Organic Nitrogen Compounds Bio molecules Chemistry in Action Problems in Chemistry TOTAL 1(5) 1(5) - - 1(3) 1(3) 1(3) 1(3) 1(3) 1(3) - 1(1) 1(1) 1(5) - 1(5) 1(5) 1(5) - 1(3) - 1(1) 1(1) 1(5) - 1(5) 1(5) 1(5) 1(5) 1(3) - 1(1) 1(1) 1(1) - 1(5) - 1(5) - 1(3) 1(3) 1(3) - - 09 1(1) 09 10 1(1) 10 12 11 14 10 08 12 1(3) 1(1) 1(3) 1(3) 1(3) 2(1) 1(1) 1(5) 1(1) 1(1) 1(5) 1(5) 1(5) - 1(1) 1(5) - 1(1) 07 14 14 11 07 08 1(1) 1(5) 1(1) 1(1) - 1(1) 1(5) - 20 5 24 6 25 20 24 10 15 25 6 10 20 10 ...
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...researched and worked on these days. This paper presents an overview of speech synthesis approach, its applications and advancements towards modern technology. It begins with a description of how such systems work, examines the use of text-to-speech software and try to apply this technology to the DMCS project for evidence of benefits of text to speech applications for people engaged in different fields and the level of accuracy that can be expected. Applications of speech synthesis technology in various fields are then explored. The document concludes with potential uses of speech to text in various fields, likely main uses of the technology in the future. TEXT TO SPEECH – INTRODUCTION A Text-To-Speech (TTS) synthesis is a widely used technology that should be able to read any text aloud, whether it was directly introduced in the computer by an operator or scanned and submitted to an Optical Character Recognition (OCR) system. Let it be more precise, systems that simply concatenate isolated words or parts of sentences, denoted as Voice Response Systems, are only applicable when a limited vocabulary is required (typically a few one hundreds of words), and when the sentences to be pronounced respect a very restricted structure, as is the case for the announcement of arrivals in train stations for instance. It’s well known that the context of TTS synthesis is impossible to record and store all the words of the language (Dutoit...
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...Synthesis that brings together Stevenson & Conrad– using one thematic idea. The semester has finally come to a close and it is time for our final paper. After Mary Shelley’s “Frankenstein” we started to dwell in the works of Robert Louis Stevenson and Joseph Conrad. Each of these outstanding authors brings stories that are very similar in plot and surroundings but are very different in character development. Robert had written “Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde” a story that we all know and even if you haven’t read the book it is famous amongst everyone. This tale is so famous that it’s been produced into movies, plays and it has forced its way into literature making references that always recount back to Robert’s story. Now Joseph had written a story to that goes by the name of “Heart of Darkness.” I am going to be honest; before we had read this novel in class I had never heard or seen it. But after we finished the book it was a great tale (a bit confusing though) about a man recanting his journey to his crew on his ship of how he came to be captain and how he acquired this boat. Both these novels introduce this dark theme that evolves into this mystery and each dwell on the same problems of mostly lying, deceit and greed. I believe that both these stories correlate greatly because of the way the mood of the story changes from this surreal place of peace and tranquility to this dark and gothic area that has overcome the protagonist and changed them from good to evil...
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...Michele Linton February 25, 2015 Dr. Lawrence Ness RES-811 Synthesis Paper My challenge was to synthesize three separate articles. Discover the commonalities, and distinguish the differences. Synthesis requires one to combine two or more separate entities in order to form one. The journal articles had more in common than I thought at first glance. The first article was about fearless dominance. I didn’t have a lot of experience and/or knowledge about this topic, but after reading I was surprised at how interesting and powerful it was. The second article was about transactional and transformational leadership. These forms of leadership are opposite types of leadership that collective make up an amazing leader. The final article is about leadership identity and the importance of self-awareness in leadership. In my paper, I will give a brief overview of the three articles and discuss the similarities. Fearless dominance and the U.S. presidency: Implications of psychopathic personality traits for successful and unsuccessful political leadership. It has been said that fearless dominance has an association with strong rated presidential performance, leadership, persuasiveness, crisis management, congressional relations and allied variables. Fearless dominance appears as a characteristic frequently among presidents and has a correlation to job performance ratings. Also, psychopathic...
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...Evaluating Commercial Spoken Language Translation Software Harold SOMERS and Yuri SUGITA1 Centre for Computational Linguistics UMIST, PO Box 88 Manchester M60 1QD, England Harold.Somers@umist.ac.uk, sugita_yuri@yahoo.co.jp Abstract1 While spoken language translation remains a research goal, a crude form of it is widely available commercially for Japanese–English as a pipeline concatenation of speech-to-text recognition (SR), text-to-text translation (MT) and text-to-speech synthesis (SS). This paper proposes and illustrates an evaluation methodology for this noisy channel which tries to quantify the relative amount of degradation in translation quality due to each of the contributing modules. A small pilot experiment involving word-accuracy rate for the SR, and a fidelity evaluation for the MT and SS modules is proposed in which subjects are asked to paraphrase translated and/or synthesised sentences from a tourist’s phrasebook. Results show (as expected) that MT is the “noisiest” channel, with SS contributing least noise. The concatenation of the three channels is worse than could be predicted from the performance of each as individual tasks. 1. Introduction Evaluation is without doubt a major aspect of language engineering, including Machine Translation (MT). Although it is still true that no consensus exists regarding the best way to evaluate software, there is general agreement about some of the factors that must be taken into account when deciding what form an evaluation...
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...ARTICLES PUBLISHED ONLINE: 15 DECEMBER 2014 | DOI: 10.1038/NCHEM.2131 Copper-catalysed selective hydroamination reactions of alkynes Shi-Liang Shi and Stephen L. Buchwald* The development of selective reactions that utilize easily available and abundant precursors for the efficient synthesis of amines is a long-standing goal of chemical research. Despite the centrality of amines in a number of important research areas, including medicinal chemistry, total synthesis and materials science, a general, selective and step-efficient synthesis of amines is still needed. Here, we describe a set of mild catalytic conditions utilizing a single copper-based catalyst that enables the direct preparation of three distinct and important amine classes (enamines, α-chiral branched alkylamines and linear alkylamines) from readily available alkyne starting materials with high levels of chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity. This methodology was applied to the asymmetric synthesis of rivastigmine and the formal synthesis of several other pharmaceutical agents, including duloxetine, atomoxetine, fluoxetine and tolterodine. C omplex organic molecules play a crucial role in the study and treatment of disease. The extent to which they can be utilized in these endeavours depends on the efficient and selective chemical methods for their construction1. Amines are widely represented in biologically active natural products and medicines2 (a small selection of which are shown in Fig. 1a). Consequently, the selective...
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...The stories of “Twenty Grand” and “Serving in Florida” bring different perspectives to the word poverty. They both describe similar situations of poverty but in completely different ways. The word, poverty, can mean different things depending on how you view the situation. Charles Murray uses an experimental thought process to show that even people that live in poverty on a daily basis can live decent, if not spectacular, lives. In “Serving in Florida,” the narrator had a job as a server in a restaurant. Throughout the story, she complains about the managers and how they do nothing for hours but earn more money than servers. The narrator described her money situation to be in trouble. “…unless I want to start using my car as a residence, I have to find a second or alternative job” she said. The situation of poverty is the same in “Twenty Grand,” as the narrator’s mother has no job and relies heavily on her husband who is a Guard for the Air National Guard. Unfortunately, many people share the same problem as the people in these stories. Money is the root of all evil. With no money, people believe they cannot live a decent life. The two stories have many differences however. The narrator from Ehrenreich’s “Serving in Florida” had a job and lived on her own but just did not have enough money. She had an apartment and was able to pay for food and gas with her tips from work. The only thing she could not do was live an ‘upper-class’ lifestyle. On the other hand, the...
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...ShaQueelah Pierce Criminal Stereotypes of African American Males Watkins - English IV September 1, 2013 As human beings, we do certain actions without even knowing that we have done them, such as stereotyping other races or people by the way they look, talk, walk, or just carry themselves. African Americans, in particular, are a race of people that are stereotyped, but the typical African American males are usually stereotyped negatively. The typical stereotype for African American male is angry and criminals. The research I have conducted, has revealed to me that the criminal stereotype affects people’s memory, and essentially have a bad impact on people’s lives. I have evidence to show that there are people that believes the three issues and why it is not a valid stereotype toward African American males. African American males have gone through a lot of scrutiny throughout history. "In the past twenty-five years, African American males in the United States have gone through various social challenges." Bing lynched and murdered brutally just for their skin color, even the police pulling them over for no apparent reason and also considering the infamous Rodney King beating. Vast majority African American males have been through a lot of unnecessary adversity. Through these pointless social acts, some African American males have drifted toward criminal activities, such as: robbing people or stores, selling drugs, and doing anything to make money...
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...Case 1 Colleen Case Dr. Stogner UCWR 110-046 9 November 2012 Excessive Consumerism Today Excessive consumerism is a growing problem in today's society. So many of our actions are driven by the desire to consume. Our whole lives revolve around getting the latest thing and working to no end to achieve it. Then, once we have the means of obtaining it, we spend even more time trying to decide which features we want or don't want. In this way, we find ourselves in a situation in which we serve the economy instead of it serving us. Colin Beavan and Robert Reich both offer their interpretation of the issue in relation to sustainability and freedom of choice, respectively. In No Impact Man, Beavan reveals the environmental issues associated with increased consumerism and attempts to find a way to counter the effects by discontinuing purchase of anything new. In Reich's "The Choice Fetish", he discusses how the sheer number of options available to us can limit our personal freedom because so much of our time is spent mulling over these insignificant choices. He uses the example of buying a computer, something many people do in their lifetime, and shows how incredibly overwhelming the process can be with all of the features to choose from in order to make the final product "personalized". In No Impact Man and "The Choice Fetish", Beavan and Reich show their readers the causes and effects of increased consumerism in a variety of areas. Because of these causes and their...
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...Case Questions 1. Evaluate David Randle’s resume. Positive remarks 1. Detailed descriptions of past positions and accomplishments. 2. Fluent in Spanish, French, Italian, Portugese 3. Several job experiences Negative remarks 1. No job objective and skills written 2. Job experiences did not show any career pattern 3. Doesn’t possess leadership and supervisory background 4. Did not include character references 5. Not specific in his educational background 6. At the top of his resume, he did not provide his phone number and email address to give the potential employer a couple of different ways to contact him. -Volkert, C. (2010, May ). Tips for Evaluating Job Candidates . . Retrieved June 30, 2014, from http://www.paralegals.org/associations/2270/files/CareerTalk/May2010JobCandidates.pdf -How to Write a Resume for a Supervisor Position Read more : http://www.ehow.com/how_5844362_write-resume-supervisor-position.html. (2014, April 14). . Retrieved June 30, 2014, from http://www.ehow.com/how_5844362_write-resume-supervisor-position.html - Heathfield, S. (n.d.). Gone in Thirty Seconds: How to Review a Resume Start with a Job Description or Role Profile. . Retrieved June 29, 2014, from http://humanresources.about.com/od/selectemployees/a/resume_review.htm -- Heathfield, S. (n.d.). Gone in Thirty Seconds: How to Review a Resume Start with a Job Description or Role Profile. . Retrieved June 29, 2014, from http://humanresources.about.com/od/selectemployees/a/resume_review...
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...Imagine having to always speak for your mother because her English broken or being so poor that you have to dig in the garbage for a meal. In The Glass Castle by author Jeannette Walls, “Mother Tongue” by Amy Tan, “Going Gangsta Choosin Cholita” by Neil Bernstein, and “Vanity Fair” by Nancy Jo Sales all show how childhood experiences can shape an individual into someone who they would be for the rest of their lives. Jeannette Walls and Amy Tan overcome the negative things that happened in their lives, while the kids in “Choosin Cholita” and “Vanity Fair” seem to be more focused on all of the wrong things. Jeannette Walls and Amy Tan show how negative childhood experiences shaped them into a better individual, but we see through April Miller and Alexis Neirs how negative childhood experiences can shape a person for the worst we see this through their personalities and career paths. Jeanette Walls the author of The Glass Castle overcame the negative childhood experiences such the poverty and being around an alcoholic father. In The Glass Castle Jeanette Walls and her three siblings Lori, Maureen, and Brian had a tough upbringing. They never let it get the best of them even when times became real tough. Those tough situations they had growing up made all of them stronger indidvials. “When mom got the extra big royalty check came in, Mom brought canned ham. We ate off of it for days cutting thick pieces of to make sandwiches with. Since we had no refrigetor we left the ham sitting...
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