Assignment Questions:
1) Explain why we use multiplexing and give an example of a communication method that uses multiplexing.
. We use multiplexing to divide a high speed circuit to let multiple devices use the circuit at the same time. Multiplexing is a way to offset the costs of installing a lot of telecommunication lines in an office or organization. A well designed multiplexer cam make the most out of a small amount of lines.

2) Give data communication examples for each of these data flow methods:

Simplex
Simplex data only flows in one direction like a river that flows to the ocean, data is transmitted and received one way only.

Half Duplex
Half Duplex can transmit two directions, one at a time. Like a truck drivers two way radio, only able to receive while not transmitting.

Full Duplex
.A full duplex circuit is divided equally. A telephone is a full duplex as it can send your voice signal and receive a voice signal at the same time.
3) Describe how FDM is different from TDM
.FDM divides the circuit in a way that the signals can be sent at the same time, each on its own frequency so they do not interfere with one another. TDM makes the connected computers take turns in order to transmit data which wastes some capacity because time is allocated even while there is no data being transmitted.

4) Provide one advantage for each of the following media types:

Twisted pair
Twisted pair is favored over coax because of its lower cost

Coax
Coax is favored because of its multiple layers of shielding and its reputation for being less prone to errors.

Fiber Optic
Fiber optic has the greatest advantage, being able to transmit the most data over a large distance while being stronger and longer lasting than other media.

5) What kind of cable is most likely to be used to transoceanic connections, such as between Oregon and the Far East?
Fiber optic cable, specifically single mode fiber would be the choice for this connection because of its size and ability to transmit data over a distance of around 1000 kilometers per cable before repeating at the high rate needed.

6) Look at the five signal types on page 75, figure 3.13. Choose one signal type that you think would be MOST susceptible to loss of synchronization. Explain your choice.
Bipolar non return to zero looks like it would be most susceptible because if the voltage is not reaching the intended target, a 0 will not become a 1 or vice versa, and the data will fall out of sync.

7) Describe the difference between analog and digital. Provide a data communication example that uses each kind of signal.
Analog signals such as the wave on a video tape are read by looking for changes in the wave to produce the picture. Digital converts the wave signal from the tape to numbers to be read and stored on a digital device such as a hard drive.

8) Explain how to transmit a 1 distinctly from a 0 when using ASK.
ASK depends on predefined symbols to produce a 0 or 1. ASK can use the highest amplitude symbol for 1 and the lowest amplitude symbol for 0. Switching between these symbols would create the binary data.

9) Briefly describe how PCM works.
Pulse code modulation is used to convert an analog voice call into digital form by sampling the analog data 8000 times per second. Every second of analog voice data equals 8 bits, so this requires a speed of 64000bps to send the digital signal. This produces a decent quality of voice call.

10) Explain what VoIP is and give an example of when it’s used.
Voice over Internet Protocol is a way of letting telephone lines share the local area network like a computer. Special codecs in the phones transmit digital data over the network. VOPI phones range from basic calls to advanced phone units with processing power of their own. An office with many phone lines needed should use VOIP to share the same network cables as the computers, so there is not as many cables needed.