...The System Development Lifecycle Paper Accounting Information Systems XACC/210 June 2, 2013 Melissa Stein The System Development Lifecycle Paper Introduction “A comprehensive IT strategy requires careful systems study and should prioritize the acquisition or development of various information systems, including operating and application systems, such as accounting information systems” (Bagranoff, Simkin, & Norman, 2010, p. 416). Through the system development life cycle, requirements will be identified prior to implementation. Challenges should also be identified as well as possible replacement of existing systems. Requirements Requirements needed for the accounting information system were determined by research and surveys. Federal and state law may also dictate requirements for AIS. Williams, Haka, Bettner, & Carcello (2008) states, “For example, income tax regulations require every business to have an accounting system that can measure the company’s taxable income and explain the nature and source of every item in the company’s income tax return” The study team and steering committee provided the data needed to be stored, manipulated, and retrieved by the system. “The team should try to identify and understand the organization’s goals for the system, perform a systems survey, and prepare one or more reports that describe its findings” (Bagranoff, Simkin, & Norman, 2010, p. 420). System users were questioned about what types of functions they...
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...The systems life cycle Systems analysis Index: Introduction……………………………………...……….Pg.01 Stages of systems life cycle…………………………...…..Pg.02 Explanation………………...…………………………….Pg.03 Finding Out About Existing Systems……………...……Pg.04 Positives and negatives…………………………………Pg.05-6 Conclusion………………………………..……………….Pg.07 References…………………………………………………Pg.08 Introduction: All things have a beginning, middle and an end, and information technology (IT) is no different. In the early of computing, most existing work-based system were manual. Indeed it could be argued that IT sees more rapid change than many other technologies. Think how many ‘upgrades’ have happened with your favorite software. For instance the first stage in looking at an existing system and seeing whether a new computer software system is needed for upgrade this is called feasibility study. Once this has been completed and the decision to proceed with or to abandon the examination of the system has been made, the feasibility study is finished. This could be a system to keep track of all the students' names, addresses, telephone numbers and grades, or it could be a new system for an online bank to let customers open a new account. No matter what the system might be, if the organization doesn't conduct a systems analysis (often known as the system life cycle); they are likely to find that their new system disappoints them and doesn't solve the original problem. 1 Stages of systems...
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...The General Model-Software life cycle models describe phases of the software cycle and the order in which those phases are executed. There are tons of models, and many companies adopt their own, but all have very similar patterns. Each phase produces deliverables required by the next phase in the life cycle. Requirements- This phase is the main focus of the project managers and stake holders. Design-The software system design is produced from the results of the requirements phase. Implementation-Code is produced from the deliverables of the design phase during implementation, and this is the longest phase of the software development life cycle. Testing-During testing, the implementation is tested against the requirements to make sure that the product is actually solving the needs addressed and gathered during the requirements phase. (CIO.2002). Waterfall Model-This is the most common and classic of life cycle models, also referred to as a linear-sequential life cycle model. It is very simple to understand and use. In a waterfall model, each phase must be completed in its entirety before the next phase can begin. At the end of each phase, a review takes place to determine if the project is on the right path and whether or not to continue or discard the project. Unlike what I mentioned in the general model, phases do not overlap in a waterfall model. (DOJ,2003). Advantages- Simple and easy to use. Easy to manage due to the rigidity of the model – each phase has specific...
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...AXIOMATIC PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT LIFECYCLE NAME INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATION Axiomatic product development lifecycle (APDL) The model was developed in 2005 by Bulent Gumus. The model is generally based on Axiomatic Design method which was also developed by MIT professor by the name Nam P. Suh (1991), where the model inherits the benefits of applying the Axiomatic design to product development. One thing to know about this model unlike other models is that it has been designed and extended to cover the whole product development lifecycle incorporating test domain as well as introducing new domain characteristic vectors which include input constraints and system component vectors. This model was designed to provide more guidance during the customer need mapping and during design decomposition process. Another thing to note about the model is that it forces careful considerations of functional interactions instead of relying on developers’ intuitions and other unstructured design documentations. The product development lifecycle is a subset of the product whereby it starts with need assessment and ends when the product prototype is accepted by the end user (Gumus, B. 2005). The model begins by understanding the customer needs, then defining the problem that must be solved to satisfy the needs of the customer, then creating and selecting a solution to these problems, analyzing and optimizing the proposed solutions at the same time verifying the solutions against the customer needs...
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...marketplace, the requirement for a technology-based system to provide the tools for global organizations to archive and manage information has become an increasingly present issue. The use of a corporate-wide portal, supported by a collaborative, content management platform, provides an Information Management System (IMS) that culminates organizational information and intellectual capital, document storage, and collaborative workspaces into a single resource, accessible through a centralized portal interface (Microsoft, 2006, p. 14). Configuration Management (CM) encompasses the management of requirements, production, testing, technical documentation, and organizational processes during the lifecycle of a software system’s development. Within Information Technology (IT) organizations, CM defines a series of systematic controls for changes and developments to the software system, which ensure the integrity and traceability of the environment and software configuration throughout the development lifecycle. The CM process is a culmination of activities and support from each level of the organization, ensuring compliance with all applicable standards and guidelines for software development and production. Figure 1. Overview of Configuration and Change Management Process Integral to effective employment of CM processes is collaboration amongst the following cross-functional Teams: CM, Information Assurance (IA), and Software/Systems Administration (SA). The use of Microsoft® SharePoint®...
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...System Development Life Cycles (SDLC) * * * * * Tutorial 3 in a series of 6 - Overview of Software Engineering Principles 3 The system development life cycle (SDLC) follows a project through from the initial idea to the point where it is a functional system. It is a core part of the methodology that is used when defining a project. Life cycles fall into a number of different categories, iterative being the most common but they also include waterfall, spiral and chaos models. Common methodologies include Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method (SSADM) and Microsoft Solutions Framework (MSF). Each step in a systems lifecycle can be broken down into many smaller sub-steps or processes. Each stage follows logically after the previous, but it is an oversimplification to say that one stage is a distinct step after another. It is important to understand that the system lifecycle is iterative as well as the stages involved along the way. Different methodologies will have different variations of this lifecycle model. A common iterative lifecycle is show in the diagram below and each stage is described after the diagram. Initial Idea All projects must start with an initial idea. Usually this consists of a brief definition on what is the project all about, what is its purpose and what the project aims to accomplish. How will the success of the project be measured? Feasibility Study Expanding on the Initial Idea, the Feasibility Study involves...
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...maintenance models. We’ll begin with a brief discussion of project life cycle models. Then we’ll examine the waterfall and legacy maintenance models. Then we’ll look at the differences between the two models. Lastly we’ll provide examples of how each model would be used effectively in a project. Project Life Cycles Project lifecycle models are not interchangeable. To deliver a quality system, it's critical to know the risks facing your project and to use a model that reduces those risks (Project Lifecycle Models, n.d.). For most business solution development projects with a significant IT component, and even for many non-technical projects, there are several project life cycle models that will likely meet your project needs (Hossenlopp & Hass, 2008). Waterfall Model The waterfall model is the classic solution development project life cycle and is normally used for small projects (Hossenlopp & Hass). It is one of the earliest models and is a sequential process in which progress flows through several phases from top to bottom, comparable to a waterfall (Indika, 2011). Its project lifecycle is typically: business requirements; system requirements; design; construction; test; deliver; and operations and maintenance. With this process being sequential, once a step has been completed the developer can’t go back to a previous step without scratching the project and starting over. This leaves no room for error, thus an extensive plan must be set in the beginning...
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...people to meet goals and a manager deals with meeting goals. With that in mind a project manager has to be both, they work on setting the goals of a project and run the day-to-day details to meet a goal. To do this a project manager has to inspire the team members to meet the set goals. The concept of a systems approach is “a holistic and analytical approach to solving complex problems.” (Schwalbe, 2014) This uses a systems philosophy to view things as a system that is connected. It uses system analysis to analyze a problem as related to the system as a whole. This allows a problem to be addressed while keeping the entire system in mind for the best outcome for the entire organization. Software Development Life Cycle is a series of steps, or phases, that provide a model for the development and lifecycle management of an application or piece of software. (VERACODE, 2014) It includes two broad models the predictive life cycle and the adaptive software development (ADS) life cycle model. The predictive life cycle model means that the schedule and cost can be accurately predicted and the scope can be accurately articulated. In the ADS life cycle model the development takes and adaptive approach because the requirements cannot be clearly expressed early on. Examples of the predictive life cycle model according to the textbook “Information Technology Project Management 7th Edition” include: * The waterfall life cycle – Has well defined, linear...
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...Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems Research Methods Course Done By Suhaib Adnan Al-Helo (8100611) Supervised By Dr. Amjad Abu Elsamen Dr. Mutaz Al-Debei The University Of Jordan Main Challenges facing Software Houses while developing customized Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems Introduction The Enterprise Resource Planning (for short ERP) is an information system deals with external and internal organization resources by mean of managing them whether they are financial, materials and even a human resources (Zaitun and Zaini, 2008). Recently, ERP systems became an essential application in every organization; since managing different department resources was massive challenge in the last three decades. Therefore, achieving organization goals can be easier by using a computer based application like ERP system. The adoption of ERP system has more many advantages including enhancing the overall performance of organization, breaking down the complexity of performing business, best managing of the resources (Shimon, 2003 and Darshana, 2001), and increasing operational efficiency and competitiveness (Karimi, Somers and Bhattacherjee, 2007). In accordance to the organization needs and the extensive differences in business processes and functions from organization to another, ERP System used to be highly configurable and dynamic system (Helmut Klaus, Michael Rosemann and Guy G. Gable, 2000), and such complex systems expected to face a special cases...
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...Disaster Recovery Information Technology: Disaster Recovery Abstract The intent of this research paper is to capture the over view of the systems functionality of disaster recover, what it is and how it works. It will explore the benefits, as well as the disadvantageous of the system, what is most significant about the system. Lastly I will share my own assessment of the system, concluding whether this system had been rendered effective for its purpose. Information Technology: Disaster Recovery Information Technology is extremely crucial in today’s business world. In fact, businesses use information technology too quickly and effectively process information, Carlson 1998. Within these businesses, employees use these advanced technologies in which to communicate. Electronic data interchange is used to transmit data. This serves a purpose of transmitting orders and payments from one company to another. With electric data interchange in mind, servers process an immense amount of data. For a business to be rendered effective, a disaster recovery plan should be develop in correlation with the priorities of the business. As noted, due to the rapid growth technology, planning strategies should be refined overtime to maintain its vigilant awareness to keep up with modern technology. Overview A disaster recovery plan is a process in which to secure intellectual property. Disaster Recovery planning involves procedures to recover, as well as, maintain accountability of a...
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...1.4 THE PHASES OF SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE Before get on to the phases of the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), come we make clear our-self on the definition of the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). System is a wide and a common term and is an exercise of mutually beneficial or interacting elements forming an integrated whole which a term that can be utilized in different industries. Hence, System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a constricted term that states the of six main stages to creating hardware system only, a software element only or that mixes with other software components to create the whole system of both to meet or exceed customer’s expected values. From the below figure 1 we can understand on the basic six phases...
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...Submitted By: Arsalan Ahmed Fall’13 Computer systems Submitted To: Fahad Bin Abdullah Submitted By: Arsalan Ahmed Fall’13 Computer systems Submitted To: Fahad Bin Abdullah Contents What is “Systems Development”? 2 Definition 2 The Components/Phases of Systems Development 2 Activities, Tools, and Softwares for different phases 3 What is “Enterprise Computing”? 4 Definitiion 4 Information Systems in the Enterprise 4 Functional Units of Enterprise Computing 5 Computer backup and disaster recovery plan 5 “Uses of Computer Communications” detailed discussion 6 “What are computer communications?” 6 "What is needed for successful communications?” 6 “What are some uses of communications technology? 6 "What are wireless messaging services?” 7 References 8 What is systems development? Systems development may not seem to many, to be critical to market research, but it is fast becoming the framework around which all research techniques are built: online focus groups, one-on-one / ethnographic portals, blogs, mobile tasks, questionnaire and creative whiteboards. Definition: “System development lifecycle (SDLC) is a process of information system (IS) development. Various SDLC models have been created and can be implemented, including waterfall, rapid prototyping, incremental, spiral, fountain, build and fix, synchronize and stabilize and rapid application development (RAD).Incrementally defined SDLC stages include requirement...
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...implement systems to remain competitive. Software that is built correctly can support agile organizations and can transform as the organization and its business transforms. Software that effectively meets client’s needs will help an organization become more productive and enhance decision making. Software that does not meet client’s needs may have a damaging effect on productivity and can even cause a business to fail. Employee involvement along with using the right implementation methodology when developing software is critical to the success of an organization History The Systems Life Cycle (SLC) is a type of methodology used to describe the process for building information systems, intended to develop information systems in a very deliberate, structured and methodical way , reiterating each stage of the life cycle. The systems development life cycle, according to Elliott & Strachan & Radford (2004), " originated in the 1960s, to develop large scale functional business systems in an age of large scale business conglomerates. Information systems activities revolved around heavy data processing and number crunching routines" . Several systems development frameworks have been partly based on SDLC, such as the Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method (SSADM) produced for the UK government Office of Government Commerce in the 1980s.Eversince, according to Elliott (2004), " the traditional life cycle approaches to systems development have...
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...Chapter 2 Exercise 3 The software development life cycle (SDLC) is the entire process of formal, logical steps taken to develop a software product. Within the broader context of Application Lifecycle Management (ALM), the SDLC is basically the part of process in which coding/programming is applied to the problem being solved by the existing or planned application. The SDLC is broken down into six stages; project planning, requirements definition, design, development, integration/test, and application/acceptance (megamikejr.com). The first stage is the planning stage in which you create a software product that is extracting the requirements or requirements analysis. The stages generally align with the phases of project management lifecycle; however SDLC phases do no correspond one-to-one with project management phases. Project management deliverables such as the Project Scope Statement, Project Schedule, and budget estimates are refined to reflect increasing clarity of scope and requirements with each iteration. Agile methods have proven their effectiveness and are transforming the software industry. As agile methods evolve and extend, Agile Alliance fosters a community where organizations and individuals find ways to transit Agile Alliance website offers an information hub where members can access a wide variety of resources; an article library, videos, presentations, local user group listings and links to additional agile resources. Agile Alliance organizes the largest...
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...Engineering develops and maintains reliable software systems that exhibit several features. Such features include; affordability, completeness, scalability, portability, integration, and dependability. The interpretation is that such systems must satisfy all user requirements as defined by the users. Such characteristics are important in meeting the organization’s objectives. The result of software engineering, therefore, is an efficient and reliable software system. The precise definition of functional and non-functional requirements forms one of the main sections in the software development lifecycle that presents a challenge to developers. Definition of such requirements is essential for meeting both business and system performance objectives. Software requirements detail the main functions that the system must aim to fulfill. They represent the user’s expectations of the real-world system features (Mishra and Mohanty, 2012). Usability is the main feature of any software system under development that demonstrates the system as understandable and usable to the users under specified conditions. Challenges encountered in the different phases of the software development cycle, if not properly managed, may lead to poor usability in software systems a feature that significantly contributes to software failure. Types of Requirements in Software development Requirements form the basic functionalities that any system under development must satisfy in order for it to be a success. The...
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