...Hematology - CKD M’Lyn Spinks Combating anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) with erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) has been shown to improve both mental and physical factors (Iranian, 2013). Erythropoietin (EPO) is a protein hormone produced by the kidney that binds with receptors in the bone marrow and stimulates erythrocyte production (Munk, 2013). Perceptions of quality of life, cognition, sexual function, symptoms of depression and socialization are all scored higher in patients with Hb levels in near-normal range (Iranian, 2013). While the most common physical symptoms of anemia in CKD improve with ESA treatment, it is also been shown to positively effect the more severe consequences (Iranian, 2013). Improvement in cardiac function has been noted in patients diagnosed with left ventricular hypertrophy and congestive heart failure (Iran, 2013) as well as stabilized renal function in non-dialysis patients (Iranian, 2013). Treatment of anemia in CKD patients is also attributed to reducing lengths of hospital stays and decreasing mortality rates (Iranian, 2013). While the benefits of ESA’s in combating the symptoms and consequences of anemia in CKD are indisputable, there is a wide range of treatment regimens, inconsistent parameters for treatment, and increased risk of stroke and morbidity in the pediatric population (Bamgbola, 2011). Regimens have been reported that are up to 30% different in dose and results show wide variations in patient response (Bamgbola...
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...[Name] [Professor] [Subject] [Date] How to save American colleges? One of the good thing about this article is that author has provided a thought provoking piece to the readers in the sense of mentioning details and sharing survey findings. Quoting the relevant executives along with mentioning surveys like Gallup-Purdue Index, writer keeps a flow of information that keeps generating interest. Latter he includes the reasons of spearheading survey findings by President of Purdue University who argues with logic and facts and provides sufficient data to support his position by giving economic tutorials. Article becomes theoretically boring as the writer starts talking about the corporate board and contingency planning for dealing financial challenges on part of educational institutes. For a reader outside the educational infrastructure, these challenges of finances are out of the box. They remain un-understandable. Although article ends up balancing with mentioning drawbacks of such detail insight as advocate faces critiques in response to his ideas. I like few interesting features of the article especially when writer talks about growth of students in the sense of measuring their learning process. He explains areas of critical thinking and writing to check and compare their learning growth from freshman year till commencement. He further exerts on his point by mentioning an earlier 2005 report which assures the same stance that four-year college graduates could not compare...
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...Lupus Erythematous: The Butterfly Effect Lupus erythematosus (LE) first originated in 1833 by many physicians throughout the historical periods of; the classical period, the neoclassical period, and the modern period. During the classical period of the 1800s, lupus was first coined. It comes from the Latin word ‘wolf’ that attributed to the thirteenth century by physician Rogerius who used the word to describe erosive facial lesions that manifested from a wolf’s bite (Lupus Foundation of America, n.d.). In the neoclassical period of the 1900s, scientists discovered that there are many sub forms of lupus, the most common type known as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE has many other forms of names such as discoid and disseminated lupus....
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...Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Abstract Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic rheumatic autoimmune disease that affects multiple organ systems. The exact cause or causes of (SLE) is unknown, however genetic factors, gender, ethnic origin, and environmental factors have all been implicated in its development. Earlier diagnosis and more effective treatment options have significantly improved survival rates and life quality. Medical and pharmacologic treatment is usually tailored to the specific symptoms or organ systems that are involved due to its unpredictability and range of manifestations. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus affects primarily women of childbearing age and mostly in Asian, African American, and Hispanic populations. Treatment options include steroids, antimalarial drugs, and immunosuppressive agents. This overview will examine the etiology and effects of Lupus, how it impacts fertility and pregnancy in women, and life quality and expectancy. Various treatment options and alternative treatment methods will be discussed; considerations for employment and rehabilitation will be reviewed, as well as the future of therapeutic approaches. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Introduction The name “Lupus” is Latin for wolf and may have first been used to describe the lesions that resembled the bite marks and scratches made by a wolf's attack. The term “Lupus Erythematosus” was first introduced by physicians in the nineteenth century to describe skin lesions...
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...Lupus an Autoimmune Disease Human Body Professor E. December 2012 Abstract Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is a complex disease characterized by the appearance of autoantibodies against nuclear antigens and the involvement of multiple organ systems, including the kidneys. The exact events that trigger the onset of clinical manifestations of SLE are not yet well understood. However, research using various mouse strains impulsive and inducible lupus in the last two decades has provided insights into the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of this disease. According to our present understanding, the immunological defects resulting in the development of SLE can be categorized into two phases: (a) systemic autoimmunity resulting in increased serum antinuclear and antiglomerular autoantibodies and (b) immunological events that occur within the target organ and result in end organ damage. TABLE OF CONTENT Abstract…………………………………………………………………….....2 Introduction…………………………………………………………………..4 Discussion……………………………………………………………………..5 What is lupus? Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease, which causes inflammation of various parts of the body, especially the skin, joints and kidneys. The body’s immune system normally makes proteins called antibodies to protect the body against viruses, bacteria and other foreign materials. These foreign materials are called antigens. In an autoimmune disorder such as lupus, the immune system loses its ability to tell the difference...
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...Abstract There are four types of lupus, systemic lupus erythematous, discoid, drug-induced, and neonatal lupus. Systemic lupus erythematous, also known as SLE or lupus and is sometimes called the “great imitator” due to the fact that it mnemonics so many other diseases. Family practice offices often misdiagnose lupus due to lack of symptoms at the time of visit, patients being poor historians and lab work that is inconclusive at that time. Discoid lupus affects only the skin and causes rashes and lesions mostly of the face, neck and scalp. During drug-induced lupus the person will experience lupus like symptoms. These symptoms usually resolve within six months after the drug is stopped. Individuals with drug- induced lupus may have a positive Antinuclear Antibody test more years after the episode. Neonatal lupus occurs when a child is born to a women with lupus. The infant may have lupus symptoms including rashes, anemia and liver problem which usually resolve within a few months. Some infants born to mothers with lupus may have serious heart defects. For the purpose of this paper the focus will be on systemic lupus erythematous. Systemic Lupus Erythematous Systemic lupus erythematous is a complex multisystem autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system misfires and makes autoantibodies that attacks its own tissue. Lupus affects as many as 1.5 million people in America. (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2007) Women are more commonly affected...
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...Ashwagandha Human Biology and Nutrition April 12, 2015 What is Ashwagandha? Ashwagandha also known as Indian winter cherry. Ashwagandha is a shrub cultivated in India and North America whose roots have been used for thousands of years by Ayurvedic practitioners in many medicinal ways. The root contains flavonoids and many active ingredients. Ashwagandha is most well-known for its restorative benefits. In Sanskrit Ashwagandha means “the smell of a horse,” indicating that the herb imparts the vigor and strength of a stallion, and has traditionally been prescribed to help people strengthen their immune system after an illness. I have never personally seen ashwagandha but it belongs to the same family as the tomato. Ashwagandha is a small shrub with oval leaves and yellow flowers. It produces red fruit about the size of a raisin. The herb is native to the dry regions of India, northern Africa, and the Middle East, and today is also grown in more mild climates, including the United States.The root and leaf are the parts that are used because they contain the highest amount of steroidal compounds which include the lactones Withaferin A, and carbon-27-glycowithanolides, known best as Withanolides Ashwagandha has been used as an herbal remedy for hundreds of years. It has many applications, and has been used to treat inflammation, fevers, and to protect against infection or illness. It has also been used to boost the immune system and improve memory. Ashwagandha is believed...
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...Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is considered one of many immune system disorders(5). SLE is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects many parts of the body through an autoimmune process(2). A natural immune system creates antibodies to fight antigens which are harmful substances such as viruses and bacteria. Whereas in SLE, the immune system does not differentiate between the natural tissues of the body and the foreign particles(5)(6). Auto-antibodies are produced that mistakenly attack the immune system itself and cause inflammation and damage to various body tissues(6)(7). The disease course is marked by remissions and relapses and may vary from mild to severe. Just like many immune system disorders,...
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...Molly Burke is currently 24 years old, she was born February 8, 1994 in Toronto, Canada. She grew up in Oakville, Ontario. Molly is a very influential young woman. Molly has been diagnosed with “retinitis pigmentosa”. She started locally speaking about her cause in grade 11, but because of how rare her disease is she made her first appearance of speaking at just five years old, However it was not about bullying it was about her condition. When Molly graduated high school is when she began to branch out and speak in the surrounding areas. Currently Molly goes around to schools to speak out and talk to students about bullying, she lets them know that they are not alone and that others have been through the same struggle. Another way she is helping bullying victims is by sharing her own personal struggle she had with being an easy target to bully and allowing them to be more comfortable with speaking up if they are or know of someone being bullied. She also has created a youtube channel, there she makes all sorts of different kind of videos like silly challenges to informational videos about different misunderstood topics she also has a video all about her retinitis. Molly’s story begins back when she was just a young girl, Molly had always struggled with her eyesight, as an article titled “Blind and bullied: She lost her sight and then things got worse” had stated, “she’d reach for a cookie and miss. She also bumped into things a lot and didn’t see well in the dark.” Her parents...
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...Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)-Hydroxychloroquine Description: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is a chronic auto-immune disease that can affect and/or damage any part of the body. Systemic means that it targets systems of the body (Integumentary, Musculoskeletal, Cardiovascular, Hematologic, Lymphatic, and Immune Systems) Lupus is also a disease of flairs (worsening of symptoms and illness), and remissions (alleviation of symptoms and general good health). In Lupus, there is a deviation in the Immune system, which fights off infections from germs, viruses, and bacteria. Auto-immune means that the Immune system cannot tell the difference between these “foreign” elements and the normal, healthy tissues of the body. Signs and Symptoms: Symptoms...
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...the National Medal for Literature, the Gold Medal for Poetry from the National Institute of Arts and Letters, the Pulitzer Prize, the Bollingen Prize, and the National Book Award. He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship, taught briefly at Harvard, and served as Consultant in Poetry for the Library of Congress from 1950 to 1952. He was also largely responsible for establishing Emily Dickinson's reputation as a mayo SWAG SWAG SWAG THIS IS NOT MINE AND I DO NOT TAKE CREDIT FOR THAT. Flannery O’connor Writer. Born on March 25, 1925, in Savannah, Georgia. Flannery O'Connor is considered to be one of the greatest short story writers of the twentieth century. She faced some hardships growing up, losing her father as a teenager. He died of systemic lupus erythematosus, an autoimmune disease. Early on Flannery O'Connor demonstrated her literary talents as a writer for school publications. Studying at what is now the University of Iowa for a master's degree, O'Connor got her first story published "The Geranium" in 1946. She also had begun what was to be first novel, Wise Blood (1952). After graduating in 1947, Flannery O'Connor pursued her...
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...Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex disease that can affect many body systems. “Lupus is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that can affect many parts of your body, including your skin, joints, kidneys, blood cells, heart and lungs” (Mayo Clinic, 2004, p.1). The diagnosis of Lupus evokes many questions and concerns in the patient. Educating patients is a major responsibility of nurses; therefore, the nurse should be knowledgeable in answering these questions. The nurse should be knowledgeable in answering these questions as educating patients is a major responsibility of nurses. Each patient is different; therefore, the education method should be individualized. You must take into consideration the patient’s motivation to learn and also the patient’s learning style. Motivation (or readiness) to learn must be determined in the early stages of developing a teaching plan. The more motivated the patient is to learn, the more cooperative and attentive they will be during the implementation of the teaching plan. Patients who participate in their own care are more likely to retain the information presented to them. When assessing the motivation of the patient, consider if the patient has asked questions about his or her condition. Asking questions shows that the patient has a desire or motivation to learn more about his or her condition. Does the patient appear interested in learning more about his or her disease? Has the patient accepted the diagnosis or is he or...
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...Lupus is one of many disorders of the immune system. Like lupus and other autoimmune diseases, causes the immune system to turn against body parts it is designated to protect, causing inflammation and damage to various body organs. Some of the parts that can be affected include the joints, kidneys, skin, heart, lungs, brain, and blood vessels. People with lupus disease must understand and learn how to avoid flares and how to deal with it. According to various research and studies, lupus is more common in women and can run in families. I would like to take a moment to talk to you about my husband. For years he suffered from headaches, joint pains and inflammation. Two years ago his family doctor sending to have an antinuclear antibody...
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...BIO483 Exam #4 Review Comprehensive and/or early Weeks Know all conditions that cause splenomegaly All associated diseases with EBV Week 1 Mechanisms of Cellular Adaptation Types of necrosis and pathology where most likely found. Apply the definitions of Atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, hypoplasia, dysplasia, and metaplasia. Week 2 Pain Throughout Organ Systems General anatomy of kidneys, appendix, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, male and female reproductive organs. Costochondritis vs Angina Pectoris vs Myocardial Infarctions. Rheumatoid arthritis Gout lab findings Week 3 Fluid Balance and Edema Electrolyte imbalances of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Intra and Extra cellular concentrations of sodium and potassium as related to osmotic balance. Know the physical signs/symptoms of electrolyte imbalances including hyper and hypo natremia, kalemia, and calcemia. SIADH lab and imaging findings Diabetes insipidus lab and imaging findings Week 4 Topic 4 Acidosis and Alkalosis Know your acid-bases! Week 5 Topic 5 Cardiovascular Causes of Fatigue Cor-pulmonale, cardiomyopathies Week 6 Topic 6 Thyroid, Adrenal, Liver Fatigue Hashimoto’s thyroiditis vs. DeQuervain vs. nodular goiter vs. secondary hypothyroidism Cirrhosis, Addison disease lab tests and hormone responsible. Is it high or low? Week 7 Topic 7 Bleeding as Indicator of Disease Pathophysiology of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Pathophysiology of Hemophilia Ulcers ...
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...characteristics. These overlapping characteristics include the diseases systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis, and polymyositis (http://lup.sagepub.com/content/15/3/132.short). Though the disease is somewhat unknown and presumably hereditary, the uncovered cause and criteria for diagnosis is linked through like antibodies and antigens (http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJM197611182952101). MCTD affects numerous body systems i.e. skeletal, muscular, skeletal, digestive, and nervous (https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/hic_Mixed_Connective_Tissue_Disease). Treatment for this disease is patient specific depending on the severity of each case; while the medications prescribed are ailment specific, creating a huge risk of developing side effects due to contraindications and normal use. In diagnosing these side effects, one must first explore the history of MCTD. What is Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD)? In 1972 (Venables) Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) was first recognized for its overlapping features by its like or “mixed” similarities noticed in patients presenting with signs and symptoms of three autoimmune connective tissue diseases. The like featured diseases that make up Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) are systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (an autoimmune disease where healthy tissue is mistakenly attacked by the body’s immune system), systemic sclerosis (characterized as both an autoimmune and connective tissue...
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