...ased on examples from Kenya and elsewhere, discuss why taking development to the people is a fallacy. What is a fallacy? A frequently committed mistake in reasoning. A systematic error in reasoning Taking development to the people “Taking” means moving something from its original point of stature. According to UNDP, the term development means 'to lead long and healthy lives, to be knowledgeable, to have access to resources needed for a decent standard of living and to be able to participate in the life of the community.' “the people”, according to the oxford dictionary refers to the ordinary men and women of a country rather than those who govern or have a special position in the society. (common mwananchi) My understanding of the statement: giving common citizens or people the ability/ empowering them economically, socially for there general well being. Fallacy: We can take development to the people The fallacy in reasoning here is that we can empower local people so that they can take control of their own lives, express their own demands and find their own solutions to their problems. According to this fallacy, the empowerment of common citizens by people in governance or those who have a special position in the society is possible and likely to be achieved; it presumes that the government/ the high & mighty in the society are willing to empower the local people and the latter are ready to receive the empowerment. This fallacy fails to address pertinent...
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...OF AN EMPOWERED COMMUNITY 7.1 Introduction Other than its definition, we have also noted in previous lectures three important facts about empowerment, and these are: a) Empowerment is a process that takes time; b) Every human experience has a contribution to make towards that empowerment; and that c) While individuals and communities are at the end of the day responsible for their own empowerment, external inputs too have value. In this lecture we will be discussing characteristics of an empowered community over time; community’s role in its own development; and also the role of external input, especially that of people’s government, in this empowerment process. 7.2 Objectives By the end of this lecture, you should be able to a) explain the characteristics of an empowered community b) discuss the role of the people in their won empowerment; and c) discuss what should be the role of the government (and donors) in support of the people in their own empowerment. 7.3 Characteristics of an empowered community There are four characteristics that an empowered person or community should display. These characteristics are progressive in their arrangement and hence it should be easy to remember them. The four characteristics are a) the ability to understand one’s reality and to analyze the factors that shape that reality; b) the ability to decide what one wants to be; c) the willingness to act to change the situation for the better; and d) the ability to ensuring sustainability of those...
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...American International Journal of Contemporary Research Vol. 4 No. 1; January 2014 Kenya’s Social Development Proposals and Challenges: Review of Kenya Vision 2030 First Medium-Term Plan, 2008-2012 Ezekiel Mbitha Mwenzwa Department of Social Sciences Karatina University P. O. Box 1951, Karatina, Kenya. Joseph Akuma Misati Department of Sociology Maasai Mara University P. O. Box 861 20500, Narok, Kenya. Abstract Kenya faces several development challenges including poverty, disease, unemployment, negative civic engagement among others. The development bottlenecks worsened following the introduction of the IMF/World Bank-propelled Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) of the late 1970s and early 1980s. While the SAPs had envisaged benefits, they largely became part of the problem rather than the solution to development in Kenya. Accompanying these were negative civic engagements, particularly, ethnic conflict and political maladministration especially after the re-introduction of multiparty politics in the early 1990s. These drawbacks notwithstanding, development planning went on culminating in the Economic Recovery Strategy for Wealth and Employment Creation (ERSWEC) 2003-2007 in 2002 and its successor, the Kenya Vision 2030 in 2007. While the former was implemented, the latter is on course with the First Five Year Medium-Term Plan running from 2008 to 2012 recently concluded. The blueprint is driven by three pillars, namely; The economic, social and...
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...DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS AND POLICY DIVISION OF AGRICULTURAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT BERKELEY Working Paper No. 887 FALLACIES IN DEVELOPMENT THEORY AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY by Irma Adelman Copyright © 1999 by Irma Adelman. All rights reserved. Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. California Agricultural Experiment Station Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics May, 1999 FALLACIES IN DEVELOPMENT THEORY AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY. by Irma Adelman I. Introduction No area of economics has experienced as many abrupt changes in leading paradigm during the post Word War II era as has economic development. Since economic development is a policy science, the twists and turns in development economics have had profound implications for development policy. Specifically, the dominant development model has determined policy prescriptions concerning the desirable: role of government in the economy; its degree of interventionism; the form interventionism; and the nature of government-market interactions. Changes in both theory and policy prescriptions arise mainly from the following five sources: First, there is learning. As our empirical and theoretical knowledge-base enlarges, new theoretical propositions, or new evidence concerning either resounding real-world successes...
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...New London, Connecticut, after the closing of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, reactivated the New London Development Corporation (NLDC), a non-profit entity for land development in the city, specifically the Fort Trumbull area vacated by the U.S. Navy. Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, Inc. expressed an interest in locating a research and production facility in the area. The city advised the NLDC to move forward with its plans. Over 90 acres of property were purchased and acquired through eminent domain for the development of residential housing, recreational, marina, retail and industrial parcels. Of the 90 acres, thirty-two of the acres came from Fort Trumbull and the remainder from private owners. All private owners, except 15, sold to the city for the project. The remaining 15 held out not for money, but for emotional and sentimental reasons. The Supreme Court of Connecticut ruled in favor of the taking of the private property under eminent domain. The United States Supreme Court granted certiorari and grouped all 15 cases in one appeal. IV. LEGAL ISSUES: Is the use of eminent domain to acquire property by the government and redirect for private use repugnant to the Fifth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution which reads “…nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation”? Is the taking of property from A and giving it to B for economic development a “public use” under the Fifth Amendment? V. COURT DECISION: In a 5 to 4 decision, the Supreme Court...
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...minister of Sarawak, Sarawak minister of tourism and heritage, Sarawak minister of industrial and development, Sarawak(BN-SUPP) state assemblyman for piasau, and President of Sarawak united people’s party (SUPP). Datuk Patinggi Tan Sri Dr.George Chan was born on the year 24/9/1936, and at Miri,Sarawak. He complete his primary education between the year 1941-1950, and his secondary education was complete between the year 1950-1957. In the year 1962, he continue his education to Sydney, Australia. Dr.George Chan study his primary at two different school and two different place, which are in the year 1941-1942,he study at St.Joseph’s School Miri, Sarawak, and 1942-1950 he study at Seria English School,Brunei. On the year 1950-1957, he continue his secondary at St.Joseph’s Secondary school, Kuching, Sarawak. After he complete his primary, and secondary education, he continue his education at MBBS, Sydney University, Australia. Dr.George Chan. On the year 1956-1966, he have the position as a medical officer, at medical and health department, and on the year between 1981November-1984 February, because of his high moral and good attitude he been choose to became the Mayor of Miri. On the year 1984/3/26,he taking the position of Assistant Minister for special functions, and he became the minister in the Sarawak Chief Minister’s office on the year 1987/4/20. On the year 1992/9/10, taking the position as Sarawak minister of Finance and Public Utilities. Between the year 1988 to year...
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...IBBL becomes very famous to client for its different types of banking programs and for its social activities. Bangladesh is predominently an agricultural country with vast majority living in rural areas.Seasonal unemployment and under employment is so acute that many people remain idle and without job in most of the time of the year. As a result people in large numbers are migrating to urban areas, in search of employment thereby creating social and environmental hazard. Islamic bank has therefore, taken up a scheme to reactive the development approach. The objectives of the rural development scheme of Islami bank Bangladesh ltd are – 1. To create opportunity for generation of employment and raising income of the rural people with a view to alleviate poverty. 2. To diversify investment product to agricultural, other farming and rural off farming activities. 3. To establish model villages within 10 kilometres radius of designated branches of the bank. 4. To extend investment facilities of the bank in rural areas. 5. To finance self-employment particularly the rural unemployed youths and the rural poor. 6. To alleviate rural poverty through integrated rural development approach. Other this Islami bank foundation a subsidiary of the bank, engaged in social welfare activities such as education, sanitation and medical care facilities for the rural village poor. At present 118 branches out of 151 branches of the bank are handling...
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...Associate Faculty Member Indian Institute of Entrepreneurship (Ministry of Industry, Department of SSI & ARI) Government of India Basisthat Chariali, Lalmati, 37, N.H. Bypass, Guwahati - 781029 ENTREPRENEURSHIP • A theory of evolution of economic activities. • A continuous process of economic development. • An ingredient to economic development. • Essentially a creative activity or an innovative function. • A risk taking factor which is responsible for an end result. • Usually understood with reference to individual business. • The name given to the factor of production, which performs the functions of enterprise. • Creates awareness among people about economic activity. • Generates Self-employment and additional employment WHY ENTREPRENEURSHIP • To improve backwardness of the people. • Economic development of the region. • To analysis resource utilization. • Proper utilization of human potentiality. • Special attention to take up new activities. • To create self-employment and generation of employment opportunity. • Eradication of regional imbalances. • Better economic gain. The early history of entrepreneurship in India reflect from the culture, customs and tradition of the India people. The Baliyatra Festival of Cuttack, Orissa reminiscence of past glory of International trade. To process of entrepreneurship therefore passed through the potential roots of the society and all those who accepted entrepreneurial role had the cultural heritage of trade and business. Occupational...
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...Personal & Professional Development Taking responsibility for one’s personal and professional development. Prepared By: Marcos Fielder Prepared for: Marc Gallagher Submission date: 17th April 2013 Contents Introduction _______________________________________________________________ 3 Task 2.1 – Evaluating Skill and Competencies_____________________________________4 Task 2.2 – Own Development Needs____________________________________________5 Task 2.3 – Identify Development Opportunities____________________________________6 Task 2.4 – Personal and Professional Plan________________________________________7 Conclusion ________________________________________________________________ 8 References ________________________________________________________________ 9 Bibliography ______________________________________________________________10 Introduction In this assignment I will be talking about skills, competencies and develop needs. I’ll show that I have the ability to take responsibility for my own personal and professional development. The development of the individual in both, personal and professional life depends on the motivation and personal effort. However, it must take into consideration the cultural factor and the social and environmental conditions that the individual are inserted. Together these factors contribute to the formation of a person succeeds or fails. Task 2.1: Evaluate your current skills and competencies...
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...Rights and Duties of States | | Bearing in mind that the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, in its resolution 45 (III) of 18 May 1972,/8 decided to establish a Working Group of governmental representatives to draw up a draft Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States, Recalling its resolution 3037 (XXVII) of 19 December 1972, by which it decided to enlarge the composition of the Working Group on the Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States, Reaffirming its conviction of the urgent need to establish or improve norms of universal application for the development of international economic relations on a just and equitable basis, 1.Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Working Group on the Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States and of the comments made thereon as reflected in the report of the Trade and Development Board on its thirteenth session; 2.Decides, in the light of the progress achieved, to extend the mandate of the Working Group as established by resolution 45 (III) of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development; 3.Further decides that the Working Group shall hold two sessions in 1974, each of three weeks' duration, as recommended by the Trade and Development Board in its decision 98 (XIII) of 8 September 1973; 4.Urges the Working Group to complete, as the first step in the codification and development of the matter, the elaboration of a final draft Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States, to be considered...
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...Underage Drinking Introduction Alcohol is the most preferred choice of drug abuse among the youth. Many young people developed the habit of taking too much alcohol at an early age. Underage drinking has lead to numerous health problems in many countries. Many families have lost their children due to excess drinking. Adolescent stage comes with an increased independence, which is linked to alcohol abuse. This study will cover the effects of underage drinking and how it is a controversial issue in the country’s development. The Controversial Issue Teenagers are constantly willing to try different things. Drinking alcohol is one of the things teenagers try to do. Underage drinking is a widespread in the contemporary world. Most of the teenagers end up abusing alcohol. Some have lost their lives due to alcohol abuse. Each year, more than 5,000 young people below 21 years of age in the U.S. die due to alcohol abuse and alcohol related cases. This is a great loss to the society. The government is compelled to set aside funds for rehabilitation centers. The U.S. law does not allow anyone below the age of 21 to drink alcohol. Dangers of Underage Drinking Underage drinking is the chief cause of death among teenagers. Many deaths among young people are due to excess drinking. Excess drinking leads to accidents, homicides, suicides, drowning and other injuries. Too much drinking can harm the brain growth. The brain continues to enlarge and mature...
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...improvements to be made because no one on this earth is perfect. Ongoing learning opportunities are vital to career success are considered professional development. The competition in the workforce is fierce. Professionals must continue personal, business, and professional development to remain competent in their chosen careers. Today, working with an increasingly diverse population and new technology requires health care professionals to pursue professional development to enhance and build their knowledge. Ethical behavior, technology changes, patient’s needs, and job description changes are reasons to grow as a professional (Makely, 2013). Ethical behavior is becoming more important; people love to do business with an organization they can trust. Trust can be characterized as assurance on the appearance, ability, asset, and accuracy of the business. Always gain and maintain the people’s trust no matter what may happen. Technology is forever evolving. Health care technology is always on the cutting edge. Technology has changed and will continue to change the way patients are being treated. Many health care organizations have already moved to electronic health records. Continue to progress by taking continuing educational courses which are relevant to the health care industry. Patient care is changing, and patients are taking a more active role in the health care that they receive. A patient’s health care team must be willing and ready to change the patient’s treatment...
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...Practice Questions 1. Self assessment tools can be useful in your career planning by a. Helping you prepare a personal profile 2. In contrasts to formal tests, informal measures a. Rely on subjective opinions 3. People who believe that rewards in life are generally outside their control a. Have an external locus of control 4. Your career interests include your favorite kinds of work activities. Most of these interests a. Will still be enjoyable after many years 5. Career interest assessments a. Identify occupations or occupational groups that most likely match your interests 6. Recent research about life stages suggests that a. Adults make dramatic changes in their personal lives and careers as their core values change 7. The works of John Holland and Carl Jung serve as the basis for two major career assessment approached related to a. Personality 8. According to Duane Brown’s career model a. People have different values because they have different experiences and opportunities 9. ESTP is an example of a. Myers Briggs temperament type 10. Among the three most common types of measurement in a complete battery ability tests, you should expect to be tested on a. Psychomotor abilities 11. The College Level Examination Program is an example of a. Achievement measures 12. In assessing your skills...
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...profitable ways. An institution that encourages free entrepreneurship becomes the ultimate determinants of economic growth of a nation. Economic development involves a sustained and concerted action by the community and policy makers to promote the standards of living and economic health of a nation. Some of the actions undertaken involve the development of critical infrastructure, environmental sustainability, social inclusion, and even regional competitiveness to achieve the economic development. Literature review of entrepreneurship and economic development: The industrial economy in the post-world war two periods led to competition among geographical areas to provide tax to attract industrial companies. In the 1990s, the old managerial and industrial economy was replaced by the knowledge and entrepreneurial economy. The rise of companies such as apple, Microsoft and Google exemplified entrepreneurial creation of wealth at the end of twentieth century(Phillips, 2011).The second decade of twenty first century begins virtually with all countries in the world implementing actively the promotion of economic development at state region, regional and national level. What made economic development to be on the focus in the past two decades of twenty first century is globalization and the rise of economic knowledge (Phillips, 2011). Economic development involves the improvement in quantitative economic measures such as employment, income, and...
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...Anxiety Ashley Whitaker Psy450 Nissa Chadwick August 22, 2011 Anxiety Introduction Anxiety is a very real and very scary problem that a lot of people suffer with. This disease can cause problems in everyday activities such as socializing and being able to develop properly. Anxiety limits how much interaction the person suffering can have with other people because of the fact that social interaction can bring on those feelings of anxiety and dread. Human development and socialization is important in a person’s life because these things dictate what kind of adult a person will be. When something interrupts the process of human development or of socialization, the results can be felt throughout the rest of the person’s life. What is Anxiety? Anxiety is a normal feeling that most people feel on a daily basis. “40 million people in the U.S. will experience an impairment because of an anxiety condition this year.” (Anxiety Center, 2011). However, when it gets to the point that these feelings are taking over a person’s life and they can’t help but worry over everything for no obvious reason, it is time to get help. Anxiety can cause socialization very hard to do because being out in social situations and having friends and family around can seem impossible due to the increase in anxious and fearful feelings. There are several different issues that can cause anxiety such as a person’s underlying genetics, a problem with the chemistry within their brain, and also troubles...
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