...1. Salah satu fungsi pajak ialah sebagai sumber penerimaan pemerintah untuk membiayai pengeluaran baik rutin maupun pembangunan disebut fungsi budgetair 2. Pajak yang harus dipikul atau ditanggung sendiri oleh wajib pajak dan tidak dapat dilimpahkan atau dibebankan kepada orang lain atau pihak lain disebut pajak langsung 3. Tariff berupa persentase tertentu yang sifatnya tetap terhadap berapa pun dasar pengenaan pajaknya disebut tarif proporsional (sebanding) 4. Orang pribadi atau badan, meliputi pembayar pajak, pemotong pajak, dan pemungut pajak, yang mempunyai hak dan kewajiban perpajakan sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan perpajakan disebut wajib pajak 5. Pengusaha yang melakukan penyerahan barang kena pajak dan/atau penyerahan jasa kena pajak yang dikenai pajak berdasarkan Undang-undang Pajak Pertambahan Nilai Tahun 1984 dan perubahannya disebut Pengusaha Kena Pajak 6. Nomor yang diberikan kepada WP sebagai sarana dalam administrasi perpajakan yang dipergunakan sebagai tanda pengenal diri atau identitas WP dalam melaksanakan hak dan kewajibannya disebut NPWP (Nomor Pokok Wajib Pajak) 7. Jangka waktu yang menjadi dasar bagi wajib pajak untuk menghitung, menyetor, dan melaporkan pajak yang terutang dalam suatu jangka waktu tertentu sebagaimana ditentukan dalam undang-undang disebut masa pajak 8. Jangka waktu 1 (satu) tahun kalender kecuali bila WP menggunakan tahun buku yang tidak sama sengan tahun kalender disebut tahun pajak ...
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Since the 1960s to date, small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) have been given due recognitions especially in the developed nations for playing very important roles towards fostering accelerated economic growth, development and stability within several economies (Yitzhaki, 2006). They make-up the largest proportion of businesses all over the world and play tremendous roles in employment generation, provision of goods and services, creating a better standard of living, as well as immensely contributing to the gross domestic products (GDPs) of many countries (OECD, 2000).Over the last few decades, the contributions of the SMEs sector, the development of the largest economies in the world have beamed the searchlight on the uniqueness of the SMEs; and this have succeeded in overruling previously held views that SMEs were only ―miniature versions‖ of larger companies (Al-Shaikh 1998; Gaskill et al. 1993). And although Small and Medium Enterprises have been at the center of the policy debate for quite some time in both developed and developing countries, little analytical work has been undertaken in this area.The dearth information that exists among researchers on Small and Medium Enterprises however provides a sense of how important this sector is for sustainable development in emerging economies (Medina, 2001). For instance, recent studies conducted by United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) concur that SMEs...
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...evasion in Pakistan. It is a primary research. Literature review: Many authors have discussed impacts of tax evasion in different sectors of economy. Previously tax evasion cause major trouble in Tanzania & Greece. Methodology: A questioner has been filled by targeted population of 100 Professionals & Business students of Department of Management Sciences Islamia University of Bahawalpur. Questioner was consisted of 5 major parts i.e. Tax System, High rate, Go with the flow, Corrupt Govt. & Progressive taxation. Findings: Most of the population agrees that these causes play a vital role in the tax evasion in the Pakistan. Conclusion: Tax evasion is main problem of Pakistan which needs to be eliminating by following the recommendations that tax system must base on ground realities, tax rates should be low. There should be proper check & balance of government, tax awareness in public should arise by different channels. Keywords: Pakistan, Tax Evasion, Progressive Taxation, Corrupt govt., Tax system. 273 www.macrothink.org/ijafr International Journal of...
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...LEGAL ASPECTS OF BUSINESS The next big reform – GST Submitted to – Prof. I. Sridhar By, Ashwin R Golapkar Section E 2012PGP120 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 Objectives of Tax reforms ............................................................................................................................. 5 Implementation of the Existing System .................................................................................................. 11 Shortcomings of the Existing Tax Structure .......................................................................................... 13 Alternatives Available in the implementation ....................................................................................... 18 Tax base and Rates ........................................................................................................................................ 25 Implementation of GST in other countries......................................................................................... 37 Data Analysis and Interpretation........................................................................................................... 38 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................................. 40 LEGAL ASPECTS OF...
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...LAWS7012 | Business Taxation Assignment – Semester 1 | 2014 Important Facts to Note 1. The assignment is worth 40% of the assessment in this course. 2. The assignment has 2 questions. 3. You must submit your assignment before 4.00pm on Thursday, 17 April 2014. 4. Students must submit their assignment electronically via the Turnitin link [LAWS7012 | 2014 – Semester 1] in the Assignment Submission folder in the Assessment area of the course website in Blackboard. Online assignments do not require a separate cover sheet. Refer to documentation in the Assignment Submission folder on the naming requirements of the assignment file. 5. There is no prescribed word limit for this assignment and no penalties will be applied for students who exceed the suggested word limit. As a guide, your assignment could be completed in approximately 3,500 words. 6. Students must retain a hard copy of their submitted work. 7. Students need to be aware of and abide by the university’s policy on plagiarism. More detailed information on this issue can be found in: a. UQ Student Integrity and Misconduct Policy http://ppl.app.uq.edu.au/content/3.60.04-student-integrity-and-misconduct b. On-line Academic Integrity Tutorial https://www.uq.edu.au/integrity/Login.aspx?ReturnUrl=%25252fintegrity c. Law School Resource | Avoiding plagiarism http://www.law.uq.edu.au/?page=103927 8. Also, review Sections 5.3, 5.5 & 6.1 of the Course Profile for information on assessment procedures. In particular...
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...|Overview of Hong Kong Taxation System, Returns and Information | | | |Objectives: | | | |By the end of this lecture, you should be able to | | | | |● |Describe sources of Hong Kong tax law and its features | |● |Identify major kinds of income tax, estate duty and stamp duty | |● |Explain the power of Inland Revenue Department to obtain returns and information | | | | |Readings: | | | |Assigned reading | | ...
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...TAX COMPETENCIES, COMPLIANCE COSTS AND INCOME TAX COMPLIANCE AMONG SMEs IN UGANDA BY ANNET NAKIWALA 2007/HD10/11264U A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT S FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE OF MAKERERE UNIVERSITY September, 2010 TAXCOMPETENCIES, COMPLIANCE COSTS & INCOME TAX COMPLIANCE DECLARATION I, Annet Nakiwala, declare that this dissertation is my own work and that it has never been presented for a degree award at any other university. Signature: ………………………………………… Date: ……………………………………………… ii TAXCOMPETENCIES, COMPLIANCE COSTS & INCOME TAX COMPLIANCE APPROVAL This is to certify that this dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of a Masters of Science degree in Accounting and Finance of Makerere University with my approval as University Supervisor. Joseph Ntayi (PhD) Supervisor Signature: ………………… Date: ……………………… Arthur Sserwanga Supervisor Signature: ………………… Date: …………………….. iii TAXCOMPETENCIES, COMPLIANCE COSTS & INCOME TAX COMPLIANCE DEDICATION I dedicate this entire effort to my late Mother Gorreth Nabagereka. We miss you dearly. iv TAXCOMPETENCIES, COMPLIANCE COSTS & INCOME TAX COMPLIANCE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Completion of this research has been a result of both direct and indirect support of many people to whom I owe acknowledgement. I owe profound gratitude to my supervisors Dr. Joseph Ntayi and...
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...IMPACT OF TAXATION ON PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN MUKONO TOWN COUNCIL BY WOLIJJA ROSERN REG. NO: 10/U/7704/EKE/PE A RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS IN ECONOMICS OF KYAMBOGO UNIVERSITY JULY 2013 DECLARATION I………………………………… hereby declare to the academic board of Kyambogo University that this is my own work from my effort and that it has never been presented to any university or any institution of higher learning for the award of a diploma or a degree. Signed: ……………….. Name: Date:…………………… APPROVAL This is to certify that this research proposal by………………………………………………. ……………………………..Reg.No……………… carried out under my supervision. I recommend that it is now ready for submission to the academic board, Kyambogo University with my due approval. Signed: …………………Date: …………………….. MS University Supervisor Signed:………………… Date:…………………. Ms.……………………….. Supervisor DEDICATION I wish to dedicate this piece of work to my father Mr.………………..and my mother Mrs.……… who saw enlightenment in education and sent me to school. I also dedicate this report to my Supervisor Mr.………………………… who has struggled much so that I bring out good presentable...
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...[pic] RESEARCH PROPOSAL EPGB6122 Title: “Public Readiness in GST Implementation 2015 - In case of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia” Prepared by: Noorul ‘Aini Hanifa binti Su’aidi EGC140004 Masters in Public Administration Semester 2014/2015 Public Readiness in GST Implementation 2015 - In Case of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 1. Background Taxation is one of the important elements in managing national income, especially in developed countries and has played an important role in civilized societies since their birth thousands years ago (Lymer and Oats, 2009). The introduction of Goods and Service Tax (GST) was first announced in Malaysia Budget 2005, and then projected to be implement in January 2007. In February 2006, government has announced that the implementation would be postponed to a later date. In 2010, it was when Government finalizing the study of the implementation of GST and identifying the social impact of GST on the public and inviting many discussions among expert and GST proponents publicly. The uncertainty on GST implementation cast many doubts as to whether Malaysia needed the GST regime, and if so, what could be the public benefits to the public from this exercise. The government had putting a great effort in promoting the implementation of GST, however an attention to educate the public of GST understanding should be in place as well. Hence, GST is not a new exercise of tax; with more than 140 countries worldwide having had implemented GST...
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...(1976) 55-75. 0 North-Holland Publishing Company THE DESIGN OF TAX STRUCTURE: DIRECT VERSUS INDIRECT TAXATION* A.B. ATKINSON University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, England J.E. STIGLITZ Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A. Revised version received February 1976 1. Introduction The recent literature on optimal taxation may be seen as attempting to clarify the structure of the arguments advanced to support changes in the tax system, tracing the implications of taxes and quantifying (analytically) the trade-offs between the various objectives of tax policy. This literature has examined the optimal structure for particular types of taxation taken in isolation, such as the optimal rates of excise tax and the optimal income tax schedule. Our purpose, on the other hand, is to provide a broader framework and to consider the interaction between different kinds of taxation. To illustrate this, we reexamine the age-old question of direct versus indirect taxation and the relationship of these taxes to the goals of efficiency, vertical equity and horizontal equity. After describing in section 2 the general framework of the analysis, and arguing that any treatment of the choice of tax structures must be centrally concerned with distributional considerations, we begin in section 3 with the extension of the classic Ramsey formula for optimal excise taxation to include vertical equity objectives. This was considered by Diamond and Mirrlees (1971), but the results ...
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...TAXATION PAPERS WORKING PAPER N.33 - 2012 Serena Fatica Thomas Hemmelgarn Gaëtan Nicodème The Debt-Equity Tax Bias: consequences and solutions Taxation and customs union Taxation Papers are written by the staff of the European Commission's Directorate-General for Taxation and Customs Union, or by experts working in association with them. Taxation Papers are intended to increase awareness of the work being done by the staff and to seek comments and suggestions for further analyses. The views expressed in the Taxation Papers are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. Comments and inquiries should be addressed to: TAXUD TAXATION-PAPERS@ec.europa.eu Cover photo made by Milan Pein Despite all our efforts, we have not yet succeeded in identifying the authors and rights holders for some of the images. If you believe that you may be a rights holder, we invite you to contact the Central Audiovisual Library of the European Commission. This paper is available in English only. Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number: 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through EUROPA at: http://europa.eu. For information on EU tax policy visit the European Commission's website at: http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/taxation/index_en.htm ...
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...section” by relating it to your objective or issues identified during “Introduction section”. * Presentation (10%) * Editing – Neat presentation – double spacing, font size of at least 12 * Grammar/Language – write good sentence structures * Word count – 1,000 words – don’t write irrelevant points or too many definitions * Please indicate your word count at the end of your report. * Referencing (Part of presentation) * APA or Harvard is fine – proper citation (Author, year) * Make sure you includes some journal articles * Make sure the articles that you include in the reference list are cited in main text * Make sure what are cited in main text are included in the reference list Answer the questions by parts in the proper sequence and organized manner: a) How exploration and development costs create a DT liability? Hints: * Explain DT liability * How DT liability is created? * Explain the accounting treatment vs. tax treatment * relate it to future taxable/deductible amount * taxable/deductible temporary differences * tips: prepayment b) Read and apply throughout the discussion * AASB 12 Income Taxes * Current tax * Deferred tax c) Analyze actions and...
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...advisor Mr. Khalid Mahmood whose supervision and guidance in relation to selection of material for perusal and formatting of the research paper helped us to do the work on time and in a professional manner. I extend my gratitude towards University of Lahore Islamabad Campus for giving me such kind of opportunities. Thank you Hooria Majid ABSTRACT Taxes affect citizens, economy of the country, businesses, governance mechanisms, etc. Not only revenue mobilization, an effective system of taxation helps in formalizing the economy, encourages economic growth, shapes political cohesion between tiers of the Government, and results in increase in social sector service delivery. We are now quite used to hearing the rhetoric by the government and bureaucracy on how Pakistan has one of the world’s lowest tax to GDP ratios since long (by their account it has stood between 9.50 and 10.40 percent in recent years), which also happens to be extremely low when compared to its neighboring countries and similar economies. So Government is unable to allocate reasonable funds for development projects. Although Pakistan has adopted best practices of the World through Income Tax Ordinance 2001 and formulation of Inland...
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...REGENT UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF THE VALUE ADDED TAX (VAT) SCHEME ON THE REVENUE GENERATION CAPACITY IN GHANA A LONG ESSAY PRESENTED TO THE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES (SASS), REGENT UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN ACCOUNTING AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS NII TORTO QUAO (022 0207) DECEMBER 2009 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this long essay is the original research undertaken by me, including all references from other books, handouts, internet, magazines, textbooks, etc under the supervision of the under signed lecturer. Mr. Albert Akanferi …………………………….. ……………………………….. (Supervisor) Signature Date Nii Torto Quao …………………………….. ………………………………. (Student) Signature Date i ABSTRACT A strong and efficient tax system provides the basis for enhanced economic growth and development. Ghana’s fiscal structure prior to 1983 had generally been characterised by low tax revenue. As a result Ghana undertook a number of reforms prescribed by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank under the Economic Recovery Programme (ERP) and the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP). Tax reforms constituted one of the essential ingredients of SAP. The tax reform process has assumed diverse dimensions over the pass two and half decades. One of those tax reforms was the Value Added Tax scheme (VATs). The purpose of this study is to assess...
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...Assignment On Impact of Indirect Tax in the Economic Growth of Bangladesh Submitted to Shish Haider Chowdhury Course Instructor Auditing & Taxation Submitted By Sudipta Paul Class ID-1577 21st Batch Date of Submission 07.09.2014 Institute of Business Administration Jahangirnagar University Indirect tax: An indirect tax (such as sales tax, a specific tax, value added tax (VAT), or goods and services tax (GST)) is a tax collected by an intermediary (such as a retail store) from the person who bears the ultimate economic burden of the tax (such as the consumer). The intermediary later files a tax return and forwards the tax proceeds to government with the return. In this sense, the term indirect tax is contrasted with a direct tax which is collected directly by government from the persons (legal or natural) on which it is imposed. Some commentators have argued that "a direct tax is one that cannot be shifted by the taxpayer to someone else, whereas an indirect tax can be. An indirect tax may increase the price of a good so that consumers are actually paying the tax by paying more for the products.[2] Examples would be fuell, liquor, and cigarette taxes. An excise duty on motor cars is paid in the first instance by the manufacturer of the cars; ultimately the manufacturer transfers the burden of this duty to the buyer of the car in form of a higher price. Thus, an indirect tax is such which can be shifted or passed...
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