Efficient Taxation for a Progressive Nation

By 3000 BC Egypt had become a nation of stability and distinguished itself as a country with its own system of writing that transmitted wisdom and learning from one generation to the next. A succession of pharaohs had ruled the country to administer the resources and businesses of far-flung communities. In the absence of the use of money, taxes in the form of wheat and other field produce were collected by government bureaucrats based on estimated harvest. As early as the Egyptian times, the government spent revenues that were yet to be collected. In modern times, when we hear about “deficit spending”, we learned it from the Egyptians. The wheat or grains collected were stored in granaries where they are tallied and the records kept in the books. Surpluses after every good harvest were returned to the farmers during times of want and calamities. Others were used to supply the needs of their soldiers in their camps.
Before the fall of Roman Empire, Europe had become the world’s central authority and had a established trade network that stretched from England and Germany into the Mediterranean countries. Rome had also provided a means of currency or the use of money for commerce and trade. The Roman government had also left a legacy of extensive system of paved roads, aqueducts or water system, and a form of government based on the local system. From these local governments, an economic system developed where labor was provided by peasants working for masters’ fields and in return for free labor they were given housing, farm animals, and protection from thieves or invaders.
The 11th through the 13th centuries were a period of dramatic changes and progress in Europe, mainly due to technological advancements in agriculture that produced tremendous increase in crop yields which in turn created a huge population explosion