...Executive Summary Learning Team A Johnny Reed - Problem Statement & Analysis Sophia Myron - Hypothesis & Hyperlinks Ron Hunter - Limitations/Assumptions & Advantages of Statistical Analysis Justin Hartman - Graph & Workplace Examples Austin Rentsch - Conclusion & Recommendation Research and Evaluation II (RES/342) University of Phoenix August 10, 2009 . Problem Statement In business, the ultimate goal for most companies is to make a profit. In order to achieve profits, companies need people. With the world being full of varying and competitive candidates to fill positions, companies need to approach their desired staffing core with a cost benefit mindset. Although some consider baseball just a sport, baseball is also a business. Considering baseball as a business and considering that major league baseball has 30 teams, formulating a cohesive team that can produce the most wins and conduct a successful season is a goal that can mean profits for the team owners. Based on the data set provided, 53% of the teams spent less than the league’s salary means and had equal to or more than the league’s wins and losses mean. At the .05 level of significance, is it conclusive that 53% of the baseball teams that spent less than the salary means did in fact, have more wins than losses...
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...Regression Paper Team RES/342 Research and Evaluation Teacher Date The Hypothesis Team C’s hypothesis is that the more years of education one receives the more a person can potentially earn in salary. The team will use the process of linear regression analysis to explain how the information is used and conduct a five-step test to see if the hypothesis proves true or false. Linear Regression Analysis Team C’s purpose of this research paper is to use a linear regression analysis test to determine if a significant linear relationship exists between an independent variable which is X, level or years of education, and a dependent variable Y, salaries earned or potentially earned. “It is used to determine the extent to which there is a linear relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables,” (Statistically Significant Consulting, 2010, para. 1). Learning Team C will use the salary and education levels from the Wages and Wage Earners Data Set collected through access to the e-source link of University of Phoenix. For this test the dependent variable, Y, will represent the salary of the 100 participants and the independent variable, X, will represent the education of the 100 participants. How the Information is used This information will be used in a linear regression test to see if there is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis that a higher education does not equal...
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...Sample Hypothesis Paper Hypothesis testing for Team C using the data set of Major League Baseball (Lind, Marchal, & Wathen, p 730, 2008) was chosen because of its availability of data such as major league baseball player’s salaries and wins. The team has determined a hypothesis statement, from which the research was formulated around. The team then formulated numerical charts and verbal statements regarding the issue being researched as well as performed the five-step hypothesis test utilizing the data set information that we have. The steps that the team used were to first formulate a testable hypothesis, design the experiment, collect the data and make a decision. (Doane & Seward, 2007). The focus of this paper is to determine if the salary of players is a significant predictor of the number of wins that a team can expect to have. We will do this by means of regression analysis. When attempting to understand the relationship between the salaries earned by Major League baseball teams and the number of wins each team has, regression analysis of the two variables was used. In particular, we will test the hypothesis that the slope of the regression line is zero or not. If the slope is zero, then salary is not a useful predictor of the number of wins for a team. On the other hand, if the slope is non-zero, then salary is a useful predictor of wins. We conduct this test by means of an ANOVA table in which the salary is treated as a covariate. This is done by evaluating...
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...Lewis NHL Team Salary Cinco de Mayo 2015 Morrisville State College Professor Boyce Part 1 Data Represented By a Population A population is all the subjects that you want to study. It takes every part of a category that is going to be studied and makes it a known hole. The population for this project would be Forward Cap, Defense Cap, Goaltender Cap, Total Cap, and Cap Space. Data Represented By a Sample A data sample is a set of data collected or selected from a statistical population by a defined procedure. Data Collection Methods (Non-Probability or Probability-based) The difference between Non-Probability and Probability-Based sampling is that Non-Probability uses or involves a random selection where the Probability-Based method does not. This means that Non-Probability samples can’t depend on the rationale of the probability theory. Using a Probability (Based Method) To make sure the sample I collected is Probability-Based, I used a Stratified Random Sampling. In a Stratified Random Sampling, you divide the elements of the population into smaller groups called strata. This will be used in my dataset where I will gather the different team into different strata. Part 2 1. The set of data that I chose for this project includes 30 observations and 6 quantitative variables. The data includes 30 measurements of the NHL team’s salary. The detailed salary per team was measured by Spotrac. The variables in the data set are Forward Salary, Defense Salary, Goaltender...
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...under the R-n-R label. The negotiators importance to the band members depends on the proper utilization of salary research data in the San Diego area, support throughout the process, and properly recognize and use excellent negotiation skills to reach the agreed to increase in salary percentages for all band members. Therefore, the negotiators’ primary concern is the delivery the agreed to salary increases on behalf of their clients to Agent-town Rock-n-Roll Negotiator Part 1 Introduction This paper will present an analysis of a negotiation scenario role-played by this learning team. The authors will present a summary of the role play itself, followed by the analysis. More specifically, the analysis will outline the adjustments and concessions, as well as the tactics and strategies, made by each side while pursuing either distributive or integrative negotiation. The authors will then describe the sources of power and the application of power principles used by each side of the team. Next, the authors will analyze the ways in which each side used central or peripheral route influence principles to affect negotiation outcomes. Finally, the authors will evaluate the ethicality of the negotiation strategies used by each side. The learning team role played a negotiation scenario in which two members of the team took the role of hiring managers and the third team member assumed the role of a job applicant offered a human resources position at Z-firm. The scenario posited...
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...An Analysis of the Impact of the Jock Tax on a Regional Basis Prepared for Professor McWhite Economics 5900 Spring 2016 Prepared by Zachary Zahedi Zahedi16@uga.edu 22 April 2016 Abstract: The study focuses on the marginal tax rate that professional football players face in the United States. This tax rate, which is assessed based on the proportion of days spent in the state of work throughout the NFL season, is called the jock tax. NFL players are not the only professional athletes in the United States that face this tax, however, the structure of their pay and the salary cap figures make the analysis the most manageable. After examining specific player data, my study determined that were significant discrepancies between a player’s effective tax rate within their conference and division and the average salary differences. The argument that critics have against the jock tax claim that players may be severely detrimental to the after tax earnings of all NFL players. Section I: Introduction According to a recent study in early 2016, the state of California collected just over $229 million from nonresident athletes due to the imposition of the ‘jock tax’ in 2013 (Artz, 2016). California is among 19 states that impose the jock tax on athletes that are visiting said states for performing in professional sporting events. The jock tax represents an auxiliary income tax imposed on nonresidents by the state in which the players are traveling. For example, a player...
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...Regression Paper Introduction The purpose of regression analysis is to find out the values of parameters for a purpose that cause the purpose to best fit a set of selected data observations. The description of this linear regression test will be explained and analyzed in the paper. The data collected for various teams will help comparing the numbers with the anticipation of getting a reliable and comparable hypothesis test answer. Having enough data will give the test a fare chance to show the results needed for a positive outcome. Conclusion In finishing the regression analyses, team D can conclude that there seems to be a linear relationship between the salary affect of the performance players based on the win and losses. Team D formulated both verbal and numerical hypothesis statements on the salaries of Major League Baseball players. In addition to using the regression hypothesis test linear, the Team also studies the data given by the Major League Baseball player’s data. This analysis confirms that the mean salary for Major League Baseball players is considerably correlated to the team wins. The sample mean of team salaries and the sample mean of wins of our data set are prime variables. Using regression analysis played an important role in helping us answer the research question of if the salary of Major League Baseball players is connected to the wins of Major League Baseball teams. Reference Doane, D., & Seward, L. (2007). Applied Statistics in Business...
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...Variance Analysis Health care is in itself an extraordinarily intricate business. Health care executives now have to find ways to transform a broken and out of date health cares system by focusing on reducing pointless surgeries and diagnostic test and removing disproportionate health care costs. When the annual budget presents itself and shows that salaries are steadily increasing with supplies decreasing several factors have to be considered when presenting the variance analysis report. Factors that should be considered are the number of staffing, patient bed occupancy, specialist care and supplies. In order to control cost the executive must be able to recognize the problem and its cause and have a solution in place to correct it. Evaluating the current costs against the previous costs of the hospital should suggest to executives which factors have contributed to the change. (Cleverley, Cleverley, Song 2011). In this situation it is the salaries increasing and supplies decreasing. These two factors have to be heavily investigated prior to the analysis report. The first factor to consider will be the increase in salaries that were more than what were budgeted for. The most important and largest asset of the hospital are the people that are employed. In regards to the variance report the first consideration to the employment would be to consider those that are employed under a contract. These costs cannot be controlled, however renegotiating the contract can reduce...
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... Statistical Analysis 4 Conclusion 4 Dataset for the 2004 season 5 Regression Analysis taking LOG (Y) 6 Regression Analysis 8 Executive Summary This report is to determine whether total team payroll for major league baseball teams directly varies with each team’s home attendance. This is an important statistical analysis because if we can prove that there is a relationship between salary and attendance then we can see that more fans in the stands will give a team more buying power when it comes to signing players. Dataset The independent variable is team payroll and the dependent variable is team home attendance. Each team plays 81 home games. The dataset consists of 30 Major League Baseball teams from the 2004 season. Data Observations For the independent variable: The arithmetic mean for home attendance is: 30,453.67 The median for total home attendance is: 31,499.50 The standard deviation for total home attendance is: 8,132.28139 The minimum for total home attendance is: 14,052 The maximum for total home attendance is: 50,499 For the dependent variable: The arithmetic mean for total payroll is: $73,052,363.27 The median for total payroll is: $66,191,416.50 The standard deviation for total payroll is: $33,672,116.60 The minimum for total payroll is: $29,363,067 The maximum for total payroll is: $208,306,817 Statistical Analysis Team A has chosen...
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...The Correlations Between Salaries of NBA Players and Their On-court Performance Indicators ZiWEI YONG, 460228934 21, FEB, 2016 Contents Abstract 2 1. Introduction and literature review 3 1. Introduction to Regression Model 3 1.1 Regression Model 3 1.2 Simple Linear Regression Model 3 1.3 Multiple Linear Regression Model 4 1.4 Multicollinearity 4 1.5 Conclusion for Multiple Linear Regression Modelling 5 2. Literature Review 5 2.1 Introduction of NBA 5 2.2 Reasons for High Average Salary in NBA 5 2.3 Salaries based on long term contract 6 2.4 Reasons for Choosing On-court Performance Data 7 3. Preparations for Running the Multiple Regression Model 8 3.1 Objectives of this paper 8 3.2 Introduction of the variables 8 3.2.1 Dependent Variable 8 3.2.2 Independent Variables 8 3.3 Data Source 9 3.4 Scattered Plots 9 3.4.1 Scattered Plots of Salary and Independent Variables 9 3.4.2 Residual Scattered Plots 10 4. Multiple linear regression modelling 11 4.1 The Adjusted R² 11 4.2 The Histogram 12 4.3 Model Generated by Analysis: 12 5. Ethical Problems 13 5.1 Sample Size 13 5.2 Data for Kobe Bryant 14 5.3 Excluded Related Independent Variables 14 5.4 Multi-collinearity 14 6. Conclusion 15 Abstract This paper examines the correlation between NBA players’ salaries and their on-court performance indicators. Before getting into the relationship, I would introduce the essence of what is regression model and how to interpret it, then we would...
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...Job Analysis Question 1 General compensation and compensation decisions providing an overall review of the entire process created from job analysis to compensation. Answer: Job: “Job is related group activities done by different individuals for completion of certain tasks.” Entire productivity of any business is dependent upon the employees of that organization. To hire employees is an important matter for the strategic management. Teams and work force if loyal with their jobs can prove warm blood for their company. So human resource management department of a company is conscious for the selection of his employees so the job analysis in HRM section includes following stages i. Job description ii. Person Specification iii. Managing Applications iv. Selection v. Performance Appraisal vi. Training and Development vii. Compensation management 1. Job Analyzing process Job analysis is the point where we understand all the position of job and all the requirements related to it. At least three methods of job analysis information need to be completed for best team selection. These may include Questionnaire Observation interviews a. Job Description Following points need to consider while doing analysis of job • List out duties and responsibilities of the position in detail • Scope of job • Job environment • Extent of responsibility, authority and accountability required to complete the assigned...
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...Pay to Play: Economic Impact of Paying College Athletes 1. Purpose of Research & Analysis On April 25, 2014, the National Labor Relations Board in Washington, D.C., granted Northwestern University's request to review the decision made by the regional office recognizing the school's football players as employees. In mid-April, Northwestern football players voted as a team on whether or not to unionize, but the votes will only be opened if the board ends up siding with the players, which may take at least a couple of months. Ultimately, the Northwestern football players are determining their fate through this secret ballot and their decision to form the first union amongst college athletes—a decision that has the ability to change the landscape of American college sports. If granted the right to unionize, the Northwestern football team will actually have the ability to bargain over their conditions and it is expected that this could ultimately lead to requesting salary compensation for their efforts. In light of these recent historic discussions, it is critical to analyze not only the ethical, but also the economic impact of such potential situations. My research paper has been structured to shed some light into the challenging and complicated discussions that continue to occur around this topic. Specifically, I have broken my research and analysis into three key topics. First, I explore whether or not there is an underlying issue with the current state, from an economic perspective...
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...cost-volume-profit analysis within the context of relevant costs and revenues. Questions: 1. In determining whether to keep or drop the Craddock Cup, review in detail the overhead expense allocations currently used by the CYSL. Should the overhead allocations be revised, eliminated or retained? What are the financial results to the profit/loss to CYSL of the existing (32 team) Craddock Cup with any adjustments to allocations? With this analysis, should the Craddock Cup be retained? *Please see Figure 1.1 in Appendix for profit statement and relevant figures. After looking at the numbers we decided to eliminate Rivaldo’s salary, we determined that the overhead expense allocations currently in place are not appropriate. The city field rent should be eliminated from the allocated costs as the soccer league will be renting the field regardless of whether or not the Craddock Cup occurs; it is a sunk cost. This also applies to the CYSL office rent and utilities, which will be used by the employees whether or not the tournament is held. We needed to revise the salary allocation, because we do not need to allocate Rivaldo’s salary to the Craddock Cup as it is not relevant. Thus, we only need to account for the $12,000 salary of Renee Jantsen, who works only on the Craddock Cup. Using that allocation method, our profit was $6,502 instead of the previously calculated $3,698 loss. 2. Calculate in detail the expected financial impact of adding an incremental 32 teams...
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...research that I could recognize at once and the author used some data from sports association. Finally, I thought it's available deliberately. I have two sample reasons: one is that the author collects the valuable data; the other is that the author analyze and flow the idea to the conclusion. Statement of the Problem What is the implied research question in this study? The answer is obvious. Just like the title, this research is to talk about effects of the 2011 Collective Bargaining Agreement in the National Basketball Association. As we knows, because of the new bargaining agreement, players will earn less money that before, and make contribution to the league, but people doesn't it affect or not. This research gives the author's analysis. Review of Related Literature The author, David J. Berri, is a professor of economics in the Department of Economics and Finance; and his current main research topics are the economics of sports. At the beginning of this research, the author gives some background of strikes and lockouts in professional North American sports. Besides NBA, Major League Baseball(MLB), National Football League(NFL) and...
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...sure the data collected is present in the final analysis. This data can be shown in different formats such a graphical or tabular. Team A has chosen the Major League Baseball (MLB) data set and feels the population and the type of data collected will provide good resources for surveys to make informed decisions. Team A will review the types of ways data can be shown as well as some of the ethical issues that researchers may run into. Our research involves looking at the 30 MLB teams in how the statistics vary. The data set is a accumulation of information that includes what league they are in, the year of erection of each stadium, capacity of each stadium, salary of the team, wins for the season, batting average, attendance, earned run average (ERA), stolen bases (SB), and home runs (HR). The sample for this research topic is very sufficient. It includes all the teams in the league and portrays the same information for all of the teams. The population (teams) and the categories listed in the data set will provide Team A the information to complete our research into whether or not a higher salary will make a team better. In reviewing the article titled “Work Incentives and Salary Distributions in Major League Baseball,” the author, Brandon Avrutin, discusses the relationship between the payroll and the performance of the team. According the Avrutin, “the more equally the payroll distribution is among team members, the better the on-field...
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