...Race and Ethnicity in Childhood Obesity Abstract Many early life risk factors for childhood obesity are more prevalent among blacks and Hispanics than among whites and may explain the higher prevalence of obesity among racial/ethnic minority children. Eliminating racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care is a national priority, and obesity is a prime target. During the last 30 years in the United States, the prevalence of obesity among children has dramatically increased, sparing no age group. Obesity in childhood is associated with adverse cardio-metabolic outcomes such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type II diabetes and with other long-term adverse outcomes, including both physical and psychosocial consequences. By the preschool years, racial/ethnic disparities in obesity prevalence are already present, suggesting that disparities in childhood obesity prevalence have their origins in the earliest stages of life. Several risk factors during pregnancy are associated with increased risk of offspring obesity, including excessive maternal gestational weight gain, gestational diabetes, and smoking during pregnancy, antenatal depression, and biological stress. During infancy and early childhood, rapid infant weight gain, infant feeding practices, sleep duration, child’s diet, physical activity, and sedentary practices are associated with the development of obesity. Studies have found substantial racial/ethnic differences in many of these early life risk factors...
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...A. Sexual harassment occurs when one employee makes continued, unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature, to another employee, against his or her wishes. Quid pro quo- In legal usage, quid pro quo indicates that an item or a service has been traded in return for something of value, usually when the propriety or equity of the transaction is in question. For example, under the common law, a binding contract must involve consideration: that is, the exchange of something of value for something else of economic value. If the exchange appears excessively one sided, courts in some jurisdictions may question whether a quid pro quo did actually exist and the contract may be void by law. Hostile environment harassment- employment discrimination consisting of unwelcome verbal or physical conduct (as comments, jokes, or acts) relating to the victim's constitutionally or statutorily protected classification (as race, religion, ethnic origin, or age) that has the effect of substantially interfering with a person's work performance or of creating a hostile work environment. Pollard was a victim of hostile environment harassment. In the case Gallagher v. C.H. Robinson, even though members of both sexes were exposed to the offensive conduct in the Cleveland office, considering the nature of the patently degrading and anti-female nature of the harassment, it stands to reason that women would suffer, as a result of the exposure...
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...INTRODUCTION You have asked me to advise you on the facts of the case, and in my opinion of Teddy’s Supplies’ potential liability. This memorandum I will advise whether the company is exposed to liability on all issues I feel are in play. Additionally, in preparation for the case, I have researched related statutes and include precedential cases either for or against Teddy’s case which impact liability. In my opinion, I shall include the “worst case” of damages the company may have to pay Virginia. Statement of Facts Ms. Virginia Pollard was employed as a cashier and clerk for Teddy’s Supplies store in West Orange, New Jersey. She was sexually harassed (according to the company’s sexual harassment policy) during her assignment at the main warehouse where she was the only female employee. The following actions by Pollard’s male counterparts at the warehouse constitute employment discrimination under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964: I. Playing regular pranks on Pollard while on the job, including, II. Taping her drawer shut III. Filling her work station with trash IV. Backing a forklift up to the door and causing it to backfire in Pollard’s ears. It is important to note that, Virginia’s performance was satisfactory as she was clearly meeting expectations and received no negative commentary from her supervisor during this particular period wherein she faced employment discrimination. Eventually, Pollard was fired when she lifted one side of her shirt...
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...Teddy's Supplies' CEO has asked you to advise him on the facts of the case and your opinion of their potential liability. He wants to settle the case. Write a memo to him that states your view of whether the company is exposed to liability on all issues you feel are in play. Include in your memo any laws that apply and any precedent cases either for or against Teddy's case that impact liability. Include in the memo your suggested "offer of settlement" to Virginia. Back up your offer using your analysis of the case against Teddy's. (Points : 30) This memo is in regards to the decision to settle the sexual harassment case with Mrs. Pollard. In reviewing the case, we have identified many areas in which Teddy’s is liable for a sexual harassment case. First, as the only woman in the warehouse, she was the victim of pranks by her male co-workers. These pranks included: taping her drawers closed, locking her out of the guard shack, filling the guard shack with garbage, backing a forklift up to the door and causing it to backfire in her ear. This qualifies as harassment as defined by the U.S Equal Opportunity Commission (EEOC). The EEOC identifies offensive conduct of harassment as “offensive jokes, slurs, epithets or name calling, physical assaults or threats, intimidation, ridicule or mockery, insults or put-downs, offensive objects or pictures, and interference with work performance.”( http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/practices/harassment.cfm). The above actions committed by the...
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...marital status, sexual orientation, gender identity, or other personal characteristics protected by law. A conduct is unwelcome if the employee did not solicit, instigate, or provoke it and the employee regarded the conduct as undesirable or offensive. Pollard was constantly being harassed by six male colleagues. She was a victim of pranks perpetrated by them that ranged from taping her desk drawers shut, locking her out and therefore hindering her from preforming her job due to the fact she was responsible for watching the warehouse inventory. Filling the guard shack with trash and putting her in harm’s way by backing a forklift up to the guard shack door and making it backfire into her ear. B. Pollard was taunted by her coworkers and one of Teddy’s drivers. The driver was sitting in her chair and she asked him to get up. When he refused, she tried to forcibly push him out of the chair and as she did this, he grabbed her, turned her over his knee and then spanked her. This is sexual harassment die to the fact that Pollard in no way showed signs of sexual arousement toward the driver that would encourage or provoke him to spank her. C. Steve King, Pollard’s supervisor in...
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...1) Teddy’s Supplies’ CEO has asked you to advise him on the facts of the case and your opinion of their potential liability. He wants to settle the case. Write a memo to him which states your view of whether the company is exposed to liability on all issues you feel are in play. Include in your memo any laws which apply and any precedential cases either for or against Teddy’s case which impact liability. Include in the memo your suggested “offer of settlement” to Virginia. Back up your offer using your analysis of the case against Teddy’s. Ms. Pollard was involuntarily transferred to a different environment, working in a warehouse surrounded by all men. Although she was transferred because she needed to be in an environment in which she would not be making so many personal calls, she never asked to be relocated to the warehouse. Being that Ms. Pollard could not report the events to her direct supervisor because he was involved in the incidents, she attempted to file an anonymous complaint online but the website was not working. Teddy’s needs to ensure that their website is working properly at all times in order to avoid this type of situation. The case states that Ms. Pollard’s supervisor (Steve King) rarely enforced any of Teddy’s rules to include smoking, horseplay, foul language and sexual harassment. This does not vie well for Teddy’s because he is already known for being a lenient boss. It does not mention that Steve King’s supervisor ever had a conversation with him regarding...
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...Chapter 4: Problem 6, Advanced Analysis, on page 91. Questions: Currently, at a price of $1 each, 100 popsicles are sold per day in the perpetually hot town of Rostin. Consider the elasticity of supply. In the short run, a price increase from $1 TO $2 is unit- elastic (Es = 1.0). So how many popsicles will be sold each day in the short run if the prices rises ro $2 each? In the long run, a price increase from $1 to $2 has an elasticity of supply of 1.50. So how many popsicles will be sold per day in the long run if the price rises to $2 each? Answer: To answer this question we need to use the midpoint formula. Assume we have the two ordered pairs (Q1,P1) and (Q2,P2). We can then solve this equation to determine the quantity sold as a result of a price increase. For the short run we have the following information. with the ordered pairs of (100,1) and (Q2,2). Here we need to solve for Q2. Substituting the values into the above formula, we have: (Q2- 100) (Q2-100) (Q2+100)/2) Q2+100)/2) Es= 1= __________=___________ (2-1) (1) (2+1)/2) (1.5) This implies (Q2- 100) = (1) (Q2+100)/2) (1.5) ------ Q2-100 = (2) (Q2) + 50) (3) (2) Solving for Q2 we have the following: Q2-100= Q2 + 100 ------ 2 Q2= 400 ------- Q2= 3 400 = 200 3 3 3 3 2 3 We can do the same exercise for the long run. Here we have the following information. Es = 1.5 With the ordered pairs of (100,1) and (Q2,2). Here we need to solve for Q2...
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...refers to either the lack of enough water or lack of access to safe water. The shortage of water is turning out to be more pressing than prediction. This essay will identify some major causes of water scarcity and specifically focus on the solutions of enhancing water stewardship and protecting wetlands. The first major cause of water scarcity is overpopulation. The rapid growth of population has led to a massive demand of water. In the last 50 years, the human population has increased more than double. Moreover, accompanying with population growth are economic development and industrialization. Population growth also results in the need of food, home and clothing, which has added more pressure on the availability of freshwater while water supplies are limited and insufficiently managed. If the consumption rate of water has continued at unsustainable levels, by 2025, two-third of the world population may face water shortage, and ecosystem around the world will suffer even more. Water pollution is the second major cause of water scarcity. It is the result of many reasons, including pesticides and fertilizers that wash away from farms, untreated household waste and effluent. Even ground water can be polluted because pollution can leach into underground aquifers. Furthermore, harmful bacteria and pollutants may contaminate the freshwater sources and lead to numerous negative effects to health. Water which is wasted, polluted and unsustainably managed has already affected every...
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...Case study 1.1 What did that really cost you? Economists measure costs using a concept called opportunity cost. The opportunity cost of an action is the resources used when that action is taken valued in their next best alternative use. It is the problem of scarcity that explains why economists think opportunity cost is the appropriate measure of cost. Scarcity of resources implies that the real cost of an action to society is the resources that are used when that action is taken. Therefore, to properly account for the costs of the action, all resources that are used need to be incorporated into the measure of cost. The monetary price you pay for a product is an important part of its opportunity cost. But since time is a resource, the costs of time used in shopping for and consuming a product are also part of its opportunity cost. Examples are when we need to take time to compare potential suppliers to find the best price for a product, when we need to spend time queuing to buy a product, or when it takes time to consume or use a product. Question: Sally Stockbroker has to decide whether to return to university to study for a Masters of Business Association (MBA). The MBA will take three years to complete. Sally knows that the information relevant to calculating opportunity cost is that: (a) MBA fees will cost $20000 per year; (b) her salary as a stockbroker in every future year of her working life would be $80000 per year if Sally does not do an MBA; (c) during her time...
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...Causes of Euro debt crisis 1. Profligacy of the European Government & Unsustainable Fiscal Policy Countries including Greece, Portugal, Ireland, Spain and Italy in Europe are now paying a heavy price on their profligate way of spending, as reflected by the Euro debt crisis starting from late 2009. Fiscal policy is the use of government expenses and taxation income so as to influence the economy, while the average fiscal deficits had grown from 0.6% in 2007 to 7% at the beginning of the debt crisis across the Europe (Économistes Atterrés, 2010). Therefore, more and more debts were being issued by the above governments so as to support their national expenses, leading to an excessive rise in government debt levels. For instance, the average government debts per GDP had raised from 66% to 84% in the same period (Krugman, 2012).Basically, government debt is the money owed by the central government to the debt holders. As a result, with a high level of the debt-to-GDP ratio may imply that the country is less likely to repay the debt holders but higher chance to default on its debt obligations. Greece, contributing about 3.3% of the annual GDP towards the European Union (Central Intelligence Agency, 2012), with a 165.3 % of debt-to GDP ratio in 2011, was responsible for the outbreak of the Euro debt crisis. Historically, Greece Government’s Debt to GDP ratio was already at a relatively high level across Europe (McAuley, 2011)(Graph 1). Following by the adoption of the...
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...Business, Government Society Models Interactions among business, government, and society are infinite and their meaning is open to interpretation. Faced with this complexity, many people use simple mental models to impose order and meaning on what they observe. These models are like prisms, each having a different refractive quality, each giving the holder a different view of the world. Depending on the model (or prism) used, a person will think differently about the scope of business power in society, criteria for managerial decisions, the extent of corporate responsibility, the ethical duties of managers, and the need for regulation. The following four models are basic alternatives for seeing the BGS relationship. As abstractions they oversimplify reality and magnify central issues. Each model can be both descriptive and prescriptive; that is, it can be both an explanation of how the BGS relationship does work and, in addition, an ideal about how it should work. The Market Capitalism Model The market capitalism model, shown in Figure 1.2, depicts business as operating within a market environment, responding primarily to powerful economic forces. There, it is substantially sheltered from direct impact by social and political forces. The market acts as a buffer between business and nonmarket forces. To appreciate this model, it is important to understand the history and nature of markets and the classic explanation of how they work. Markets are as old as humanity, but...
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...Assessment #1: Economics and Ethical Issues “Markets bring together buyers (“demanders”) and sellers (“suppliers”)…” (McConnell-Brue, p. 43) In order to predict the economic issues associated with supply, demand, and equilibrium price of a particular product, I will need to explain the relationship between these components. Supply is the number of goods and services that businesses are willing to sell at different prices at a specific time, and demand is the number of goods and services that consumers are willing to buy at different prices at a specific time. (Ferrell, p.13) Supply and demand will meet at a certain point where the sellers are willing to sell products and services at a certain price and consumers are willing to buy at a certain price, this point is called the equilibrium price. The equilibrium price will also help to determine the equilibrium quantity, the price and the amount of product and services demanded and supplied at the equilibrium price in a competitive market. At this amount of equality, there is neither a shortage nor a surplus of product and services. The supply and demand of the products Tylenol, Aleve, and Advil depends basically on the consumer’s preference and taste. First, let me state that all of these products serve the same purpose, to relieve headaches and pain. What makes the difference is the characteristic of each product which is the active ingredient. “Tylenol and certain generic brands rely on acetaminophen. The active ingredient...
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...gold or silver to for dollar bills. Federal Reserve currency is legal tender in the US, which means that the federal government requires that it be accepted in payment of debts and requires hat cash or checks denominated in dollar bills be use dint he payment of taxes. 4.1 The reason Congress set up a Federal Reserve System in 1913 is because those who deposited money into their accounts weren’t able to get their money back due to the fact that banks loan less than 100 percent of deposits and then loans the rest of the money to someone else. They set this up in order for the nation to have a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system 4.2 In order for the Feds to control the money supply, the Feds use these policy tools to control the money supply (1) open the market operations (2) discount policy and (3) reserve requirements. The most important tool is checking account deposits. 4.3 The reason why an open market purchase of Treasury securities by the Federal Reserve increases bank reserves is because when the sellers of the treasury deposit the funds in their bank, the reserves of the banks rise. The reason why an open market sale of treasury securities by the Federal Reserve decreases bank reserves is because the FOMC directs the trading desk to sell treasury securities, causing the reserves of the bank to fall. 4.4 The shadow banking system is non financial institutions that borrow money in the short term and take that money to invest in long-term...
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...will include the law of demand and determinants of demand; law of supply and determinants of supply. It will also include examples to better present the topic of surplus and shortage. The market of a certain product is in equilibrium when the amount offered of that product aligns with the amount needed. When demand is higher than what is being offered, businesses increase the offered quantities of their product as well the prices resulting in a decrease on demand. When the offer is higher than demand, businesses promote clearance to reduce inventory. Both scenarios show how companies tend to equilibrate price and quantities in the market. Competition among buyers and among sellers drives the price to the equilibrium price; once there, it remains unless it is subsequently disturbed by changes in demand or supply (McConnell, 2009). The law of demand implies that consumers will buy more of a product at a low price than at a high price. So, other things equal, the relationship between price and quantity demanded is negative or inverse and is graphed as a down-sloping curve. Some determinants of demand include: consumer tastes, the number of buyers in the market, consumer incomes, the prices of related goods, and consumer expectations. The determinants can shift the market demand curve. A shift to the right is an increase in demand. Likewise, a shift to the left is a decrease in demand. The law of supply states that as price rises, the quantity supplied rises; as price...
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...SUMMER TRAINING PROJECT REPORT ON “CUSTOMER SATISFACTION OF WATER PURIFIER” (AQUAGUARD) EUREKA FORBES PVT. LTD. SUBMITTED FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTFOR THE AWARD OF Masters Of Business Administration SUBMITTED BY: UJJAVAL K. JAIN UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF: Ms. Anjali Kedawat AMITY UNIVERSITY, RAJASTHAN Acknowledgement I would like to take the opportunity to express my deep gratitude to all those who have been the part of this report in some way or the other. First and foremost, I would like to thank my company guide Mr. Tapan Khurana ( Regional head, Marketing), for his valuable guidance, and for allowing me to work on the topic that developed my marketing skills, for getting knowledge for my career growth. I am thankful to my faculty guide Ms. Anjali Kedawat for her encouragement and timely suggestions which helped me greatly during the course of this project. I am thankful to Mr. Ankur Chaturvedi (Area Head- HR) for allowing me to get summer training in the company for nourishing my career. I’m also thankful to Mr. Avijit Ghatak (DDSM) and all those people in the company for their suggestion and help during my training that helped me to complete this project. Last but not least: I would acknowledge my Family, Relatives and all those at my department and college, Amity Business School, Amity University Rajasthan who helped me make this project reality. Ujjaval K. Jain MBA (General) 3rd semester ...
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