...number of messages and values along the way. Primarily, the audience are presented with the issue of teenage sex, which leads to underage pregnancy and abortion in America. The film exhibits two teenagers with very parent dominated lives and from the opening scene the audience sees that Juno drinks a large bottle of Sunny Delight to be able to use the pregnancy test showing a large amount of irony at the how childlike she is whilst being close to becoming a mother. This can be related to the idea of the “American Dream”, however it is warped by the example of Vanessa and Mark, whilst having a perfect house in the suburbs, two cars and a seemingly happy marriage. However, they lack the child to complete a nuclear family, although, Juno has the ability to create that dream occur. This can be related the family seen in Rebel Without A Cause, the other film studied for this topic in which the audience is presented with a several children’s desperation for a real family as opposed to adults craving children to achieve the family they desire. Jim Stark manifests his frustration at the beginning through alcohol and absolves himself to the policeman so that the audience recognises the issues he faces. In comparison with Juno, the father figure in Rebel Without A Cause is weak willed and lets his son and wife walk over him whereas Juno’s father takes control of her pregnancy and provides support along the way. Both fathers also show change in the film as they grow to help their...
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...In South Africa, teenage pregnancy is on rise as a result of how these teenagers make sense of their sexuality. In South African adolescent marks the transition from childhood to adulthood, which in some instances is filled with a period of opportunities, challenges, changes, skills, pressures and physical, cognitive and psychosocial development. Teenagers are faced with an immense amount of peer pressure, physiological and emotional changes, sexual experimentation that increases the risk of pregnancy or sexually transmitted disease. While many teenagers may engage in pre-marital sex some never become pregnant. Teenage pregnancy has become all too common in this day and age. Some teenagers think it will not happen to them and do not use necessary precautions to protect themselves against pregnancy. There are several causes for teen pregnancy and the effects can be life changing. Research done has indicated that there is not one single cause to teenage pregnancy, but there are whole host of causes to this pandemic. Factors that can contribute to the number of teenagers who fall pregnant are for example, gender power imbalances (associated with significantly older partners in particular), early sexual debut, barriers to contraceptive use (seldom used at sexual initiation), and misinformation on sexual health matters. Pregnancy at a very young age may result in pregnancy complications that can lead to the death of the young mother and or her baby. Other associated consequences...
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...Teenage Pregnancy Teenage pregnancy is a growing problem in America. Many teenage mothers have not been educated about sex prior to becoming pregnant, due to the lack of communication between the teenager and her parents. There are major health concerns to be faced for teenage mothers and their unborn child. There are options available to teen moms when making decisions on parenthood; being a teenage mother is one of the most difficult experiences a young person might ever face. There are many causes for teenage pregnancy. First, teenagers take unwanted risks due to lack of knowledge and education on teenage pregnancy. Many parents feel uncomfortable about discussing sex with their children. “Most people evade their children from talking about sex. In some cases, they provide false information regarding sex and discourage their children to participate in any informative discussion about sex.” Giving your child false information is not smart! Talking to your children at an early age and answering any questions they have directly and honestly can be a step closer towards preventing teenage pregnancy. That’s why it is very important as parents to educate our children before it’s too late. (What are the Causes of Teenage Pregnancy) Lack of knowledge for safe sex is considered to be another cause of teen pregnancy. Teens between the puberty ages of 12 to 15 years old are exposed to the subject of sex. Because both boys and girls are curious about the changes in their bodies, they...
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...abortion is a controversial issue. Many people argue that unborn babies are human beings from the moment of conception; therefore abortion involves killing a human being, which defies a commandment from God. On the contrary, other people say that to choose safe abortion is a right for women and the anti-abortion position is usually based on religious beliefs and threatens the vital separation of church and state. In fact, abortion is completely safe and to hinder abortion also means to limit the women’s rights and cause harmful effects for them and their families. The government should give women the right to decide what they can or cannot do with their bodies instead of having some politicians or churches dictate this to them. To see this more clearly, we should have a look at the current situation of abortion. The issue of abortion is popular, controversial and closely related to the problem of women’s equality in our society. According to the Guttmacher Institute, each year, almost half of all pregnancies among American women are unintended. About half of these unplanned pregnancies, 1.3 million per year, are ended by abortion (par. 1, 3). In 1973, the Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade ruled that women have the right to an abortion during the first 6 months of pregnancy, thereby legalizing abortion. The court asserted that abortion is a fundamental right under the U.S. Constitution (Jost 735). Despite that, women today are finding it increasingly difficult to obtain legal abortions....
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...Teen Pregnancy and Sex Education in America: Cause and Effect Teenage pregnancy is a problem that affects many people. It is not just a problem to the girl and her family, but it also has a significant impact on society as a whole. Reducing the number of teen pregnancies would help promote child well-being and decrease child poverty rates.1 More comprehensive sex education courses would help teenagers better understand how to protect themselves and, in turn, would help reduce the number of teen pregnancies in the United States. Among fully industrialized countries, the United States has the highest rate of teen pregnancy. The rate of teen pregnancy in the United States is almost twice that of Great Britain, four times that of France and Germany, and over 10 times that of Japan. US taxpayers spend $7 billion a year on teen pregnancy.2 The numbers around teen pregnancy are alarming. Thirty-four percent of girls get pregnant at least once before age 20, resulting in more than 820,000 teen pregnancies a year. Less than one third of teen mothers get a high school diploma, and only 1.5 percent gets a college degree. The maternal death rate for teen mothers is 2.5 times greater than for mothers ages 20 to 24. Teen mothers are also at greater risk for complications such as poor weight gain during pregnancy, pregnancy-induced hypertension, anemia, sexually transmitted diseases, and cephalopelvic disproportion. 3 Babies born to teenagers are more at risk for premature...
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...Pro-Abortion There are many women in the world that decide to have abortions for their own personal reasons or reasons that may affect the unborn child’s life. We live in a society of unwanted pregnancies and where people are either Pro-life (against abortion) or Pro-choice (for abortion). I consider myself Pro-choice and believe that abortion should not be controlled by the government. Pro-choice groups believe that woman should be free to follow their own ethical beliefs concerning the termination or the continuation of a pregnancy (Wikipedia). Many recognize that their different beliefs about abortion access and that the state should not attempt to enforce a common belief system on all pregnant women who decide to terminate their pregnancies. The legalization of Abortion started in 1973 with the Roe vs. Wade case. This made abortion legal in all 50 states. Abortion is safe because we know the risks involved in an abortion are very low relative to other surgical procedures, and the risk of death from an abortion is one-tenth that of childbirth (Abortion Access). There are many different reasons that people fight for and against Abortions. You have those whom think that terminating a pregnancy is murder and the parent and doctor are committing the crimes. The situations where woman should have the right to abortion are where they have been raped, their health or life is at risk, contraception was used but failed, the...
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...Abortion is a procedure where a woman has the choice to end her pregnancy within a six month period. It is one of the most common procedures done in the U.S about one million are done every year. The U.S is known for one of the most effective and safe abortion procedures. Abortions can occur spontaneously in which case it is usually called a miscarriage or can be purposely induced. Data shows that 40% of all women will have an abortion during their reproductive life. Some reasons for having an abortion can include financial stability, rape, age, incest, and maternal and fetus complications. 88% of abortions are done within in the first trimester (3 months). About 59% usually take place within the first eight weeks of pregnancy. After week 24 abortions are only provided if serious health problems occur. The earlier the abortion takes place the easier, safer, and less expensive abortions tend to be. There are different methods to getting an abortion depending on how far along you are. Typically if you are anywhere after seven weeks surgical abortions would be the best procedure. Back in 1973 the Supreme Court ruled in Roe v. Wade case that all women have the right to have an abortion within the first six months also known as second trimester therefore is it legal to have an abortion. Prohibiting abortion would be violating the 9th and14th Amendment the Due Process Clause which includes a woman right to terminate her pregnancy. Some cons of debate against abortion because they believe...
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...are being neglected. For the safety of the children being born into poverty, it is best for some to not have to live in such a way. Women living in this country have the option to choose and having the freedom to choose could result in less children being born into poverty. Many different documents have been passed about abortions and how women’s rights are in danger. “In 1992 Planned Parenthood v. Casey reaffirms the core holdings of Roe that women have a right to abortion before fetal viability, but allows states to restrict abortion access so long as these restrictions do not impose an ‘undue burden’ on women seeking abortions” (House). What this is saying is, Planned Parenthood fought for the right of women to have an abortion in other states although these states may have restrictions. Although the state in which the abortion is taken place, the patient still has the right to have the abortion according to that states laws. This will increase the ability for women to have abortions in and out of their home state but having to abide by the laws of that state. Five years after this case had gone through the courts and women were given the right to have the ability to go to different states to have the abortion. A hearing on H.R. 1218, 106th Congress, 1st session, congressional testimony before the U.S House Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on the...
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...College 6/17/2015 Murder in the Womb : Why it Should be Illegal Abortion is a topic that gets a lot of attention but it often misinformed about. What is abortion in definition form? What are the ways abortions are performed? How do we as a country, try to limit them?What are the ethics of abortion? 2015 Dakoda Breanna Schoolman Grace College 6/17/2015 Table of Contents Introduction 1 Body 1 What is an abortion? 1 History of Abortion Laws 2 Roe vs Wade 3 How Harmful Abortion is to the Mother 4 Is Abortion Murder? 5 Is Abortion Morally wrong? 6 Is Abortion the Best Option? 7 Development of Babies 8 Ways to Avoid Pregnancy 8 Closing 9 Dakoda Breanna Schoolman Professor Richard Bragg English 1100 20 November 2014 Murder in the Womb: Why it Should be Illegal Introduction Imagine you have a teenage daughter. You have coached and explained to her the consequences and how you should wait to have sex till after you are married. One day she comes to you crying and upset. She tells you that she broke your rule of no sex before marriage and says that she is pregnant. What would you want her to do? Would you tell her to go have an abortion so that she could live a normal life? Would you tell her to keep the baby? Body What is an abortion? Some people do not understand exactly what abortion is. They think it is just an escape from a sticky situation, but it is not. Abortion is an expulsion of a nonviable fetus (Webster 3). There are...
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...COM 120 Entire Course http://homeworkgallery.com/index.php/product/com-120-entire-course/ http://homeworkgallery.com/index.php/product/com-120-entire-course/ COM 120 Week 1 Single Mother Single mothers in America” is the title that I have chosen for my persuasive essay. I feel that being a single mother myself I can relate to them on the same ground as I am living a life walking in the same shoes as them. “With great power comes great responsibility” is a well known line from the movie Spider man. COM 120 Week 1 Capital Letters 103 1. – At the turn of a new century and a new Millennium, many people are reflecting on the historical changes that have taken place during the past hundred years. – At the turn of a new century and a new millennium, many people are reflecting on the historical changes that have taken place during the past hundred years. 2. – In the late 1990s, Americans began making lists reflecting their choices of the greatest Events, Literature, People, and Films of the century. – In the late 1990s, Americans began making lists reflecting their choices of the greatest events, literature, people, and films of the century. 3. – Most Americans would agree that the two World Wars shaped the twentieth century and this country’s role in it. – Most Americans would agree that the two world wars shaped the twentieth century and this country’s role in it. COM 120 Week 1 Comma Splices and Fused Sentences 562 1. Most people are familiar...
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...Unwed Mothers Is Teen Pregnancy the Problem? Institute for American Values This report comes from the Marriage Project of the Institute for American Values. Maggie Gallagher, the principal investigator, is an affiliate scholar at the Institute and the director of its Marriage Project. The Institute is grateful to Amara Bachu, Douglas J. Besharov, Norval Glenn, Dana Mack, Steven L. Nock, and Maris Vinovskis for their scholarly and editorial suggestions, and to the William H. Donner Foundation for its generous financial support of this initiative. The contributions of other supporters are also greatly appreciated. On the cover: Maternity (1950) by Milton Avery. Oil on canvas, 32 X 46 inches. Collection of Sally M. Avery. ©1999, Milton Avery Trust/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York, NY. © 1999, Institute for American Values. All rights reserved. No reproduction of the materials contained herein is permitted without the written permission of the Institute for American Values. ISBN 0-9659841-5-X Institute for American Values 1841 Broadway, Suite 211 New York, NY 10023 Tel: (212) 246-3942 Fax: (212) 541-6665 info@americanvalues.org www.americanvalues.org The Age of Unwed Mothers Is Teen Pregnancy the Problem? Executive Summary Why have three decades of intensive national effort to reduce teen pregnancy not been more successful? Largely because for three decades, we have framed the problem falsely. What we have called our “teen pregnancy” crisis is not really...
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...Chapter I THE PROBLEM Introduction “Arming the youth with information,” one of the goals of the Reproductive Health Bill. In line with one of the two targets of Goal 5 - Improving Maternal Health - of the eight Millennium Development Goals which is achieving universal access to reproductive health by 2015. To achieve its goals, the bill provides for mandatory reproductive health education and that it be taught in "an age-appropriate manner... by adequately trained teachers starting from Grade 5 up to Fourth Year High School." As Iloilo Representative Janette Garin, author of the Reproductive Health Care Act says, “It’s very difficult to live in a society where we will be hypocritical and pretend that nothing is happening. But as early as grade 4 and 3, children, especially those in public schools, already have girlfriends and boyfriends.” Defined by United Nations (UN) on ICPD 1994, 'Reproductive health' is “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and...not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive system and its functions and processes.” Considering the fact that we are a Christian nation, some people and religious groups find this topic very sensitive to be discussed among youngsters. In this regard, Filipino mothers have the “you-will-learn-when-you-are-old-enough” attitude. As with this, the researchers have come up to a study that would determine the knowledge regarding reproductive health of the high...
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...Introduction Reproductive life planning includes all the decision an individual or couple make about having children (2007, Pillitteri). It is important for the health of children that as many pregnancies as possible be intended, because when a pregnancy is unintended, the mother is less likely to seek prenatal check, less likely to breast feed and less careful to protect the fetus from harmful substances. An individual’s or a couple’s choice of contraceptive method should be made carefully, with complete knowledge about advantages, disadvantages, and side effects of the various options. Important things to consider include the following: * Personal values * Ability to use a method correctly * How the method will affect sexual enjoyment * Financial factors * Status of a couple’s relationship * Prior experiences * Future plans The widespread use of contraceptives points to both an increased awareness of responsibility for contraception and options available. Understanding this concept, its work and how they compare in terms of benefits and disadvantages is necessary for successful counseling. Legal and ethical issues must also be considered when counseling clients. The arguments about contraception fall into several groups: * philosophical arguments such as the "natural law" argument * arguments based on different ideas of marriage, sex and the family * human rights arguments such as * 'procreative liberty' * a woman's right to...
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...International Journal of Medical Sociology and Anthropology ISSN: 2546-9763 Vol. 2 (2), pp. 066-075, February, 2013. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals Review Review on Medicalisation: A critical appraisal with special reference to India Zulufkar Ahmad Khanday Department of Sociology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India. E-mail: k.zulufkar.amu@gmail.com, Tel.: 8171286053 Accepted 10 December, 2013 The concept of medicalization emerged from the intellectual and social turmoil of the 1950s and 1960s as a critique of medicine as authoritarian and the expansion of its conceptual model to the analysis of social ills and attendant policy. “Medicalization” refers the process by which non-medical problems become defined and treated as medical problems, usually in terms of illness and disorders”. This review is based mainly on three objectives; (a) first is to explain the nature of medicalization- i.e. what medicalization actually is and why there is need of de-medicalization, (b) second is to explain the how the medicalization has negative effects on the health of people- i.e. ‘the medical establishment has become a major threat to health’ and providing a dossier of medicine’s adverse effects – the wrongs and harms it has done – through processes of clinical, social and cultural ‘iatrogenesis’ or doctor-induced conditions, and finally (c) third is to explain the impact of the...
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...GENDER DISCRIMINATION OUTLINE I. Constitutional law A. Background: 100 years of discrimination > theme: law responding to gender discrepancies 1) Should men & women ever be treated differently under the law? a. Definition of equality: = choice/power/income i. Pay gap: women earn $0.74 for every $1.00 a man earns b. Linda Hershman article, Homeward Bound: Many educated & intelligent women decide to stay home with their babies > those decisions are connected to the fact that women are paid less than men, in general c. Evolution in law i. Common law (blackstone): women lost their identity after marriage (merged with husband) & considered inferior to men (acted under husband) - Result: Tenants in the entirety or joint accounts > assumed man put in all the $ (women has BOP to prove otherwise) ii. After 14th amendment > women began to feel that they should have rights as well B. 19th Century: 2 sphere ideology where women queen of home & men marketplace people > no = protection because genders seperaet 1) Privileges and Immunities Clause of the 14th amendment - a. Bradwell v. Illinois (1873) i. FACTS: Bradwell and her husband ran the most influential legal paper in the Midwest & she wanted a license to practice law...
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