...Introduction The telecommunication industry plays a vital role in Bahrain. Telecommunications started in Bahrain with telegrams and telephony services in 1931 cable and wireless of UK (Batelco Group, 2011). Batelco was established in 1981 started to supply local residents with the telecommunication services. After years the government allowed other firms to be established in Bahrain and the TRA exited back then in 2002 to control the market prices and protect consumers interests (TRA, 2004). Telecoms are highly important in Bahrain because of the wide range of using technologies in every sector. Bahrain is an important financial and commercial center in the Middle East and the connection between the west and the east in the aviation sector. Nowadays, the development in the real state has viewed a big jump towards modern civilization made the investors focus on Bahrain as a growing financial kingdom. Which makes the communication technology development is very essential. Having world biggest sports events such as F1 and Olympic games also constitute an importance to have the latest telecommunication technology as well as the international media center to broadcast to the entire world. Theory application and analyzing Porter’s five forces model 1. Threat of new entrance: Interring the telecommunication market in Bahrain has a high threat because there are many competitive firms that people could go for instead of the new company...
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...TELECOMMUNICATIONS Telecommunication is communication at a distance by technological means, particularly through electrical signals or electromagnetic waves. Due to the many different technologies involved, the word is often used in a plural form, as telecommunications. Early telecommunication technologies included visual signals, such as beacons, smoke signals, semaphore telegraphs, signal flags, and optical heliographs. Other examples of pre-modern telecommunications include audio messages such as coded drumbeats, lung-blown horns, and loud whistles. Electrical and electromagnetic telecommunication technologies include telegraph, telephone, and teleprinter, networks, radio, microwave transmission, fiber optics, communications satellites and the Internet. A revolution in wireless telecommunications began in the 1900s with pioneering developments in radio communications by Guglielmo Marconi. Marconi won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1909 for his efforts. Other highly notable pioneering inventors and developers in the field of electrical and electronic telecommunications include Charles Wheatstone and Samuel Morse (telegraph), Alexander Graham Bell (telephone), Edwin Armstrong, and Lee de Forest (radio), as well as John Logie Baird and Philo Farnsworth (television). The world's effective capacity to exchange information through two-way telecommunication networks grew from 281 petabytes of (optimally compressed) information in 1986, to 471 petabytes in 1993, to 2.2 (optimally...
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... INTRODUCTION 1.1 Company’s profile: NEPAL TELECOM was registered on 2060-10-22 under Company Act, 2053. Then Nepal Telecommunications Corporation (NTC) was dissolved and all assets and liabilities were transferred to Nepal Telecom effective from 2061-01-01 (i.e. 13th April 2004). The company with its long history is on the way of customer service and nation building. In Nepal, operating any form of telecommunication service dates back to 94 years in B.S. 1970. But formally telecom service was provided mainly after the establishment of MOHAN AKASHWANI in B.S. 2005.Later as per the plan formulated in First National Five year plan (2012-2017); Telecommunication Department was established in B.S.2016. To modernize the telecommunications services and to expand the services, during third five-year plan (2023-2028), Telecommunication Department was converted into Telecommunications Development Board in B.S.2026. After the enactment of Communications Corporation Act 2028, it was formally established as fully owned Government Corporation called Nepal Telecommunications Corporation in B.S. 2032 for the purpose of providing telecommunications services to Nepalese People. After serving the nation for 29 years with great pride and a sense of accomplishment, Nepal Telecommunication Corporation was transformed into Nepal Doorsanchar Company Limited from Baisakh 1, 2061. Nepal Doorsanchar Company Limited is a company registered under the companies...
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...Effects of constantly changing nature of digital impacts on the telecommunication industry Problem definition Technological companies have been facing increased activity and this has led to increased customer demands. Customer demands have been changing as compared to the previous years. Another concern for technological companies is that because of booming business there has been increased level of competition in the industry. Various companies are coming up with developed products that have made traditional companies to become obsolete in the market. Due to rapid technological advancements, the numbers of people who are attracted to telecommunication equipment has increased tremendously. This unexpected increase in customer base is a problem for the telecommunication companies this is because this population increase leads to straining of the existing resources within telecommunication companies. These above concerns therefore indicate that the current market environment requires some level of overhaul within the business strategies of most companies within the telecommunications industry. There are various gaps among telecommunication companies and this has resulted in poor industrial performance in the market because of challenges that are associated with change in customer demands, increasing number of customers and heightened competition. There are various opportunities for the telecommunication companies that could be useful in reducing the adverse effects of the stated...
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...Introduction The Telecommunication industry plays an important role in the Irish economy in terms of size and employment. Continuous development in the telecommunication sector improves the lives of Irish citizens by changing the way we interact with family and friends, the way we learn and the way we do business. In Ireland, the Telecommunication industry is regulated by the Commission for Communications Regulations (Comreg), which is responsible for the regulation of the telecommunications, broadcasting and postal markets, based on the EU regulatory framework. (The contribution of Telecommunications to the Irish Economy, 2005). Currently, the major players in the Irish Telecommunication industry are Vodafone, Eir, Sky, Three Group and Virgin Media. This report will focus on Three Ireland. In order to analyse Three Group in Ireland and give future recommendations to the company, we have started from an external analysis of the Irish Telecommunication Industry. In doing so, we have used tools such as PESTEL analysis and Porter’s Five Forces that allowed us to better understand the environment in which the company operates. We have then focused on the internal strengths and weaknesses of the company by conducting a SWOT analysis. Finally, we have identified areas in which the company should focus in the future in order to keep its competitiveness. According to their website, Three is Ireland’s largest high speed network and fastest growing mobile operator. Launched in 2005...
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...1. Introduction The telecommunications sector in Malaysia has undergone significant physical and structural transformation in the past fifteen years. Between 1985 and 2000, the country’s telephone penetration rate rose by 540 per cent. Equally importantly, privatization and liberalization of the sector in the 1980s ushered in an era of regulatory reforms and competition in the sector. The market structure as well as the regulatory framework and institutions for the telecommunications sector continue to evolve. The real challenge lies in what to do after that – putting in place adequate regulatory framework and institutions that will ensure industry growth as well as protect consumer welfare. The on-going micro-regulatory reforms in the sector seek to fine-tune the regulatory mechanisms in the sector. This paper reviews the recent history and development of the telecommunications sector in Malaysia. Section 2 provides a brief historical account of the sector and the current structure of the sector. This is followed by a discussion on regulatory reforms in Section 3. Section 4 examines the impact of reforms in the telecommunications sector. Section 5 concludes by discussing the future policy agenda for the sector. 2. EVOLUTION OF INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 2.1. Physical Expansion The infrastructure sector plays a key role in Malaysia’s economic growth and development. The sector’s share of development expenditure in the various five-years plans implemented...
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...Marketing Research A Research on Competition of Telecommunications in Nepal Submitted By: Ashish Shrestha (A11081) 3rd Year, 1st Sem Section: B Roll No: 32 Acknowledgement The research “A Research on Competition of Telecommunications in Nepal” would have not been successfully completed without the support and cooperation of different persons that provided their valuable instructions, comments and other significant contributions. Firstly, I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude towards our marketing faculty Mr. Bishal K. Chalise for providing an opportunity to work on this assignment. He guided me and provided instructions in preparing this research paper. I would like to thank him for his guidance in accomplishment of this report. Secondly, I am equally thankful towards Nepal college of Management for facilitating us with an advanced computer lab and well-equipped library. And Lastly, I would greatly thank all my friends who supported me whenever required. I would not have been able to finalize my report without their assistance. Ashish Shrestha (A11081) INTRODUCTION Marketing environment: Marketing environment refers to factors and forces outside marketing environment that affect a firm’s marketing management’s ability to build and maintain successful relationships with targeted customers. In modern marketing world, the marketers must be aware of the environmental trends and opportunities. They have disciplined...
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...Plain Old Telephone Service Christopher G Bernier Student at ITT Technical Institute Author Note Any questions can be sent to cbernier111@itt-tech.edu Abstract Our building is a Plain Old Telephone Service or POTS. Since this is the oldest form of networks I will do some research on POTS and its different components. Keywords: POTS, Local loop, Central office, Local exchanges, POP, Long distance system, Fixed line, Cellular phones, Telephone network topology, Cable TV, Telecommunications Service, Cloud Computing Plain Old Telephone Service Plain old telephone service, or POTS is the original and oldest means of transferring data available today. POTS is made up of 6 components, Local Loop, the Central Office, the Local Exchange, POP, Long Distance Systems, and Fixed Line. Our system is a POTS and in this report I will explain these components. I will also define and describe the different Telecommunication network components in their relationship to POTS system. Local Loop. The local loop is the two copper wires that connect the telephone to the central office and back to the telephone. Since it makes a complete loop from beginning to end it is referred to as the local loop. The two copper wires are twisted together and are referred to as a twisted pair. Central Office. The central office services a group of people in a given area. With the possibility of servicing up to 10,000 customers at a time. Like zip codes...
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...outpatient and other relevant hospital departments will entirely depend on the size of the hospital/clinic, some technicians, quality, and versatility of images and videos and storage expected. High-quality ultrasound machines will, therefore, give quality images, videos and any scanned document hence making easing the work and offering quality services while meeting the hospital goals. It is, therefore, imperative that a dedicated communication infrastructure is put in place to allow real-time transmission. On the other hand, the stored items/documents can easily be retrieved due quality storage system. This will help the hospital or clinic stakeholders and managers obtain past information, of ultrasound if required Telecommunication system The telecommunication system is a collection of...
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...Local loop is a telecommunication that uses a physical link or circuit connecting from the customer to the telecommunications service providers network. A central office is a building where home and business lines are connected on a local loop. This office has switches to switch calls locally or to a long-distance office. A local exchange is a term for a telephone company. They manage local telephone lines by a switchboard. There are three types of POP there is; internet, web, and wireless. The Internet POP has an access point to the internet and is a physical location that stores servers, and routers. The web POP is an account,or page. These are generally in addition to a personal or professional website. The wireless POP contains a presence of a wireless device like a cell phone, where it is to obtain service from a wireless provider. Long-Distance System is a system that lets customers make a call outside of the state or country through their provider with charge. A fixed line is also known as a landline. This uses a solid telephone line such as a fiber optic cable or metal wire, which uses radio waves to transmit the calls. Cellular telephones are wireless end devices that uses data and cell phone towers to operate and be able to talk with whoever you want to with your telephone provider. Data is a set of values or variables that is provided by your network provider and usually have to pay for the data plans. Voice is a service that uses a dial-tone to fulfill a service...
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...INTRODUCTION 1 BACKGROUND Nowadays, telecommunication plays an important role in the worldwide connection, which leads to the new era of information technology. Having been used for the first time among militaries, wireless communication is now experiencing a mushroom increase in both quantity demanded and supplied. However, the situation of each service company seems not to be fit the general trend because their numbers of subscribers fluctuate widely. The purpose of this research is to find out the causes of the kinks between general movement and individuals’ trends. In fact, a telecommunication company or a communication service company is an enterprise that provides many kinds of services such as telephone, GPRS, Internet connection, etc. Some company belongs to government corporations such as Viettel while others are business like AT&T (American corporation) and Telekomunikasi Selular (Indonesian company). These service enterprises earn huge revenues each year which can be pointed out: Viettel corporation revenue is $4.15 billion while AT&Ts is about $15.6 billion. They are huge amounts of money composing to profits so every-company tries to maximize them by increasing the numbers of subscribers, which one way is using promotion plans. General information about promotion strategies can be found easily. Some marketing book have deeply view on this method. In term of marketing, Promotion is “one of the four elements of marketing mix (product...
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...Peter Vallejo Intro to Telecommunications September 30, 2015 Chapter 2 Amplitude Modulation: Transmission 1. A 1500-kHz carrier and 2-kHz intelligence signal are combined in a nonlinear device. List all the frequency components produced. 1498, 1500 and 1520kHz 2. If a 1500-kHz radio wave is modulated by a 2-kHz sine-wave tone, what frequencies are contained in the modulated wave (the actual AM signal)? 3. If a carrier is amplitude-modulated, what causes the sideband frequencies? The non-linear mixing of the carrier and intelligence frequencies. 4. What determines the bandwidth of emission for an AM transmission? It is twice the frequency of the highest audio frequency transmitted. The upper sideband is fc +FM where fc is the carrier frequency and FM is the modulation (audio) frequency. The lower sideband is fc-FM. The total band 10. What are some of the possible results of overmodulation? 19. Why is a high percentage of modulation desirable? 20. During 100 percent modulation, what percentage of the average output power is in the sidebands? (33.3%) 23. Describe two possible ways that a transistor can be used to generate an AM signal. 24. What is low-level modulation? 25. What is high-level modulation? 27. Why must some radio-frequency amplifiers be neutralized? 29. Define parasitic oscillation. Higher frequency self-oscillations in RF amplifiers. 30. How does self-oscillation occur? 32. What is the principal advantage of a class C amplifier? 35....
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...Training Technology and Management Training Courses and Seminars http://www.tonex.com Telecommunications Certification - Certificate in Telecommunications Why should you choose TONEX for Telecommunications Certification? Certificate in Telecommunications Technology, Engineering and Management? Telecommunications Certification, Technology, Engineering and Management, a 8-week program, addresses the requirement of the communications industry for technical and management expertise and business skills. Telecommunications Certification provides telecom technical knowledge along with telecom management. skills: telecom planning, implementation, management of physical systems for voice, video, and data communications. Telecommunications Certification Objective: Provide a strong foundation in the technical aspects of telecommunications technologies Learn about Information and Communication Technology (ICTs) Industry Structures and Concepts Assess current and emerging telecommunications technologies including wireline, wireless, mobile and broadband Establish an understanding of telecommunications management Become proficient in the technical specifications of telecommunications technologies Evaluate alternative technologies for the fulfillment of communications needs Understand telecommunications trends for voice, data transfer,video and digital entertainment converge Telecommunications Certification optional courses include: Introduction to Telecom Networks 1/3 Tonex...
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...Telecommunication Industry. Communication networks in the digital world make possible joint production of a range of different services for a diverse group of customers. In the case of telephony, technological development has increased economies of scope far beyond joint production of voice and fax connection. For most calculation purposes, this means that the old costing systems and allocation assumptions stemming from the days of national voice telephony simply do not offer relevant facts any longer. This is true for internal decision making in the telecommunications, but perhaps more importantly for setting interconnection charges. Activity Based Costing (ABC) is an alternative to or improvement of previous costing practices. The activities in telecommunication network can be process steps and switching. For example, a long distance call passes by several switching processes. In this case, we can calculate cost per switching following the call time and distance used by subscriber. In the central process steps in telecommunication network, cost varies according to traffic. Call consists of switching, connection before call, and call connection. In this operating level, cost driver is the number of switches in switching process and the time to call in channel and transmission process respectively. Activity Based Costing (ABC) is an alternative to or improvement of previous costing practices. The activities in telecommunication network can be process steps and switching...
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...Higher standards............making a difference for you INDIAN TELECOMMUNICATION SECTOR I Introduction Indian telecom industry is growing at a great pace & India is expected to become a manufacturing hub for telecom equipment. Indian telecom equipment manufacturing sector is set to become one of the largest sectors globally by 2010. Due to rising demand for a wide range of telecom equipment, particularly in the area of mobile telecommunications, has provided excellent opportunities to domestic and foreign investors in the manufacturing sector. II Opportunitie s The Indian telecom market is expected to grow three fold by 2012 & market size over US $ 8 billion. Moreover the government has set a target of 20 million broadband connections by 2010. The National Telecom Policy 1999 targets tele-density at 15 per cent by 2010. This will entail an investment of US $ 40- 50 billion over the next 6-8 years. There is an immense opportunity for DTH in the Indian market which is almost 10 times compared to the developed countries like the US and Europe. For every channel there is a scope for broadcasting it in at least ten different languages. So every channel multiplied by ten that is the kind of scope for DTH in the country. India’s media players have all the ingredients to develop a successful DTH industry. So currently there is a lot of pent-up demand in the Indian market for DTH. It is expected that by the year 2010 there will be over 500 million subscribers in the Indian telecom market...
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