...GM 591: Leadership and Organizational Behavior Project Proposal Overview of Organization The organization that I selected for my final project paper is AT&T. AT&T Inc. is headquartered in Dallas, Texas and is the largest provider of fixed telephony in the United States and also a provider of broadband and subscription television services. Some of the products and services they specifically provide consist of: U-Verse (home phone, internet, and cable TV), wireless phone service and digital carriers (T1, T3, and OC48). Like many other telecommunication companies, AT&T decided to downsize and on December 4, 2008, AT&T announced they would be cutting 12,000 jobs due to "economic pressures, a changing business mix and a more streamlined organizational structure. Many locations and departments were shut-down and thousands of people were laid off as a result of this. Many people believe that AT&T have fallen victim to corporate greed and could care less about their employees and customers. Back in the 1980’s, before they were broken up by the United States v. AT&T antitrust suit, they were known as a family-oriented company. They used to have company picnics, flexible work hours, great paid benefits and excellent customer service. Nowadays, some employees are forced to work 10 hour shifts (6 days a week), work all holidays and are responsible for paying for their own benefits. There are not many incentives, employees are treated unfairly even though...
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...FreeSwitch: Open Soure SIP-based Telephony Platform Vibha Kasturi University Institute of Engineering and Technology Panjab University Chandigarh, India vibhakasturi@gmail.com Abstract— Next generation network is a network that delivers all telecommunication services (data, voice and video) using single packet based infrastructure. SoftSwitch, the kernel of next generation networks (NGN), a software that is used to bridge a traditional PSTN and VoIP by linking PSTN to IP networks and managing IP multimedia traffic. This paper gives an overview of SoftSwitch and summarize the currently deployed free and open source SoftSwitch i.e. FreeSWITCH in telecommunication industry. FreeSWITCH uses SIP protocol for communication between end terminals. This paper also gives an overview of SIP protocol and SIP proxy servers used by FreeSWITCH in end to end communication. Keywords- Next Generation Networks(NGN) ,SoftSwitch, FreeSwitch,Session Initiation Protocol, SIP proxy server Introduction Next Generation Networks (NGN) is convergence of various networks such as the Public Switched Telephone network (PSTN), the packet data networks (Internet) and wireless communication networks, which can provide multimedia services including voice, data and video. NGN can be divided in three functional layers: Transport, Call Control & Signaling and Service & Application layer as shown in figure1. [1] [pic] Fig.1 Today’s Network and Next generation network SoftSwitch, the...
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...Basic Configuration Exercise 1-12 pg. 56-58 1. Austin’s router# configure terminal Austin’s router(config)#hostname AUS AUS(config)#end AUS# 2 .AUS > enable AUS # configure terminal AUS (config )# enable password class AUS > enable AUS # configure terminal AUS(config)# enable secret class 3. The enable secret password . you do not need to configure both. 4. AUS# conf t AUS (config) # line con 0 AUS(config-line) # login AUS (config-line) # password cisco AUS (config-line) # ^Z 5. AUS# conf t AUS (config) # line aux 0 AUS(config-line) #password cisco AUS(config-line) # login AUS (config-line) # ^Z 6. AUS(config)#service password-encryption 7. The enable secret command is used to provide an additional security over the enable password command. 8. AUS(config)#interface serial 0 AUS(config-if)#ip address (IP/Subnet) AUS(config-if)# no shutdown AUS(config-if)#exit 9. AUS(config)#interface fastethernet 0 Router(config-if)#ip address AUS(config-if)no shutdown 10. AUS(config)#Router rip AUS(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 11. NVRAM AUS# copy running-config startup-config 12. AUS#show startup-config Exercise 1-2 pg. 59 1. Show interfaces 2. how ip interfaces brief 3. Show ip route 4. Router#show running-config 5. Router#show startup-config 6. Configuration in NVRAM will remain even when powered off, and RAM will hold a running configuration, which will be lost if powered off. 7. Press backspace until erase what need...
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...NT1310: Week 1 Data on Fixed Line vs. Cellular Debate Data transfer on fixed line telephone networks has been around for years, while transfer over cellular networks is relatively new. There are challenges, however, to having wireless communication be the ONLY medium for communication. In this Lab, you will explain the pros and cons to having a purely cellular network vs. having a purely fixed line network. Conduct research on both using the ITT Tech Virtual Library and the Internet. You will report on data speed, network security, equipment cost, troubleshooting, failover solutions, and any other relevant topics that emerge from your readings and research. Summarize the pros and cons of using either a purely cellular network or a purely fixed line network in a 2-4 page paper. At the end of your paper, write 1-2 paragraphs making a recommendation for a new company offering a “Skype”-style service. Recommend whether they should go with a fixed line or cellular solution. Cite all sources used. Submission Requirements: Minimum of 2 pages Microsoft Word Document Size: 12-pt; Font: Times New Roman; single-spaced Evaluation Criteria: Your instructor will use the following points for evaluating your performance in this assessment: Did you Include information on data speed, network security, equipment cost, troubleshooting, and failover solutions? Were you successful in debating both sides of the issue? Did you justify your recommendations for a total Wireless...
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...Hosted IP Telephony Services Service Offering Nexogy offers a range of market solutions to our clients, serving markets from residential customers to sophisticated business customers with reliable full-featured VoIP applications Our Hosted IP Telephony Services primarlily consist of: • • • IP Centrex/ IP PBX Hosted Business Business Trunking Enhanced Residential IP Centrex / IP PBX • Bring the power of a corporate PBX to enterprise customers who will no longer have to invest in PBX equipment or its maintenance • Works with analog phones as well as with IP Phones • Offer traditional PBX functionality plus a wide range of value added services not economically feasible with traditional solutions • Centralize communications services (National and International Long Distance, Local Calling, Local Phone Service, Hosted PBX) on a single bill IP Centrex Features 976/900 Block Abbreviated 2-digit dialing Anonymous Call Rejection Billing Codes Call Forward All Calls Call Forward Busy Call Forward No Answer Call Return Call Trace Call Waiting Call Waiting/ID Manager Caller ID Caller ID Block Classes of Service Direct Inward Dial (DID) Do Not Disturb Flexible Auto-Attendant Flexible Numbering Plan Forward to Voice Mail Group Pickup Hold Hold Music Hunt Groups Multi-call Park N-way Conference Off-Premises Stations Park & Park Pickup Permanent Per Call Block Priority Call Queues Redial Remote Call Forward to DID Selective Call Forward Selective Call Rejection Speed Dial TAPI...
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...Jimmy Johnson NT1310 Monday Night Unit 1 Lab 1: Data on Fixed Line vs. Cellular Debate As many as one in six American households have given up their landline and are using only their cell phone, according to Steven Blumberg, a senior scientist at the Center for Disease Control’s Statistics department. If you are among the millions of Americans who are weighing the pros and cons of landlines vs. cell phones, here are a few things to consider. Cost: The most common reason to choose a cell phone is that in most areas, the cost of a cell phone plan is lower than the cost of a landline, especially when you count the cost of a long distance calling plan. However, the “per month” cost that many carriers quote can be misleading. As you compare the cost of a cell vs. a landline, consider these factors: •Do you need any services that aren’t covered in this plan? For example, will you be taking your cell phone out of the call area (i.e. roaming)? Does the cost of your landline plan include voice mail and caller ID? •Does your cell phone plan require a multi-year contract commitment? If so, what is the cost of ending your contract? •How much time do you spend talking on the phone, and when do you make your calls? Some providers offer free incoming calls, or free nights and weekends, but those aren’t helpful if you make lots of outbound calls during business hours. •How many people will use the phone? If you have a large family, you can ensure that everyone has a cell phone...
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...In today’s society it seems that having a landline phone is not a big must anymore. There are very few people that have one anymore. Since cell phones have become as popular as they have landlines have seemed do diminish. The most common reason to choose a cell phone is that in most areas, the cost of a cell phone plan is lower than the cost of a landline, especially when you count the cost of a long distance calling plan. Most cell phone providers today offer unlimited talk to anywhere in the United States. Also, if you have a family plan that can all bundle everything together. You will have a number that only you can give out and that won’t be published in a phonebook for random people to look up. With a landline phone you still get a certain amount of minutes to talk or they will charge you extra. Now you can get the unlimited plan, but you will pay more. A family can’t really share a landline phone like they used to. If you have a family of four today then someone will more than likely be on the line. The only people I know of today that have a house phone are old people or people that save on their internet and TV by getting a phone also. A major down fall is there are a lot more unwanted calls on a landline. The security can be real bad on a landline if you have a published number. If someone does a reverse phone number on you they can find out all kinds of information. With a cell phone yes they can be traced with location services and all that good stuff, but...
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...Cybernetic Implants One of the things that we will probably being seeing in the future is the development of cybernetic implants. There are a few pros and cons to the development of cybernetic implants. Some of the pros could be increased life span do to less illness, increased economy due to the sales of implants, increased productivity due to increased physical strength, increased security due to most everything financial would be implanted into you so less identity theft, and increased technology due to increased portions of the brain being unlocked from neural enhancements. Some of the cons could be issues such as the religious views on such things. Some religions believe that the use of cybernetic implants for financial transactions to be a form of the mark of the beast and would have no part in such implants. This issue alone could start major riots and divisions in certain states. Another issue could result from the physical enhancement side. There will probably be an increase in crimes such as grand theft auto due to people having increased strength and in essence feeling almost godlike. They will probably be more likely to ignore the laws and think that they are above them. This will also cause those who cannot afford such implants to be at increased risk. The neural enhancements could also cause people to be able to outthink many security systems and be able to develop more homemade devices for crime. There is a lot consider when dealing with cybernetic implants...
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...1) Describe a local land line phone system based on the following Landline Telephone Components: a. Local Loop - is the physical link or circuit that connects from the demarcation point of the customer premises to the edge of the common carrier or telecommunications service provider's network. b. Central Office - is an office in a locality to which subscriber home and business lines are connected on what is called a local loop. The central office has switching equipment that can switch calls locally or to long-distance carrier phone offices. c. Local Exchanges - is a regulatory term in telecommunications for the local telephone company. In the United States, wireline telephone companies are divided into two large categories: long distance (interexchange carrier, or IXCs) and local (local exchange carrier, or LECs). d. POP - is an artificial demarcation point or interface point between communicating entities. It may include a meet-me-room e. Long Distance System - a network of terminals and servers over a long distance, for example if your company has two different offices on the other side of the country, then you would have a long distance system. f. Fixed Line - denoting or relating to telecommunications systems using cables laid across land, as opposed to cellular radio systems. 2) Define and describe the following Telecommunications Network Components: a. Cellular Telephones: i. Voice - a telecommunication device that uses...
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...Rollin Luis NETW320 Professor Antoniou Week 2 HW assignment Silent suppression is a technique used to improve bandwidth utilization of voice circuits. Through silence suppression, a mechanism senses periods of inactivity in a voice conversation and simply ceases sending data associated. Silent suppression can be enabled to monitor signals for voice activity so that when silence is detected for a specified amount of time, the application informs the Packet Voice Protocol and prevents the encoder output from being transported across the network. To help understand silence suppression technology, consider this example: Some people talk all the time. Even they have to take a breath and they sometimes listen and are quiet. On a phone call, it is quite common that there is silence in one direction of the call while there is speech carried in the other direction. The public switched telephone network does not take advantage of this condition. The PSTN opens up a path in both directions, between the speakers, and allocates 100% of the path capacity to the call, even when there is silence. Silent suppression is the application of this IP network principle to VoIP calls. When there is silence, you don't send voice packets full of silence. Silence suppression can save bandwidth, especially on IP trunks. The savings can be 40% to 50%. The packet-sending phone or gateway implements the VAD function in the codec. When you think of silent suppression think of it as speech door. It opens...
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...Introduction Origin Scope Objective Limitations Company Background Milestones: November 28, 1996: Received the Cellular license from the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Bangladesh government. March 26, 1997: Grameen Phone launched its service on the Independence day. December 1998: Launched the GP-GP service. September 1999: Launched a unique billing system, EASY which is the Prepaid service. The shareholders Grammen Phone has equity of 55 USD. It is divides among four partners of which Telenor is major. The equity structure of Grameen Phone is as below: [pic] Telenor: It is the state owned telecommunications company in Norway, a country with one of the highest mobile phone densities in the world. Telenor is using the expertise it has gained in its home and international markets and putting it to use in an emerging market such as Bangladesh. Grameen Telecom: It is a non-profit company registered as per the laws of Bangladesh for attaining certain social objectives. Marubeni Corporation: It is one of the leading Japanese trading companies. Gonofone Development Corporation: It was established in New York in the early 1994 for the sole purpose of organizing Grameen Phone. The major lenders are International Finance Corporation, Commonwealth Development Corporation, Asian Development Bank and NORAD. It has given Grameen Phone loan of 50 USD. It also has preferred shareholders of USD 5 million. Industry...
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...1. Make a sketch of how a local telephone network interfaces with a long distance telephone network. 2. Make a sketch of how a long distance telephone network interfaces with an international telephone network. 3. Explain what is meant by interoffice trunk connection. A connection between two telephone central switching offices. The basic trunk line is called a T1 line. They provide many connections in a single cable, originally they were bundles of copper wire twisted pairs but now are often just a single fiber optic line. 4. I’ve decided to call my friend Jane who lives next door. Jane’s telephone line and my telephone line are both served out of the Oak Street CO. Draw the call path between Jane’s telephone and my telephone. 5. I now need to call my friend Ernie who lives on the other side of town and is served out of the Monroe Street CO. Draw the call path between Ernie’s telephone and my telephone. 6. I decide that I need to call my friend Jose who lives two states away. Trace the call path between my telephone set hanging off the Oak Street CO in Burlington, Vermont, and Jose’s telephone set hanging off the Clinton Street CO in Muncie, Indiana. 7. After talking with Jose, I realize I haven’t talked with my friend Karl who lives in Denmark for some time and decide to call him. Trace the call path between telephone hanging off the Oak Street CO in Burlington, Vermont, U.S.A., and Karl’s telephone hanging off the Boulevard Street CO in Copenhagen, Denmark...
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...Cellular and Pure Fixed Land Lines are and what the pros and cons for both to come to solution of which out does the other. Purely fixed lines have been on around for years transmuting signals via a network of cables, which are either buried or suspended along poles. Fixed lines are in every home and building today so everyone has the ability to have telephone and data service. Although having fixed land lines are very much reliable it still requires data and modem. To receive or transmit data over the fixed line a modem is needed on each end of the line. The modem takes the digital information and turns it into tones that have been specifically selected for the transmission over the telephone network. The modem on the other end is responsible for turning the tones back into the digital data. Modems transmit data over a telephone network that is designed for voice. DSL utilizes the existing analog phone line so no need for new equipment other than modems that can convert the digital data into high-frequency tones along with a filter at the subscribers end to keep the DSL transmission from being heard on the telephone. The conventional modem operated at the frequency range of 300 to 3,000 Hz but a DSL modem will need to operate a higher frequency range which will allow for a much higher data rate. The data rate was capped at 56,000 bps with the conventional modem but with the DSL modem the data rate is based on several physical characteristics. One of the major physical characteristics...
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...Exercise One Nt1310 Week 1 In: Computers and Technology Exercise One Nt1310 Week 1 NT1310:Week 1 Telecommunications By: Kenneth Martin You are an IT Network Specialist and are required to develop the design of the company’s telephone system for its new building which will begin construction in a few months. In order to get a background which will help when developing the new system, your supervisor asked you to research the current Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) currently used by the company. You must research the system components and report back to your supervisor , the Telecommunications Manager, within a week. 1. Describe a local land line phone system based on the following Landline Telephone Components: a. Local Loop a local loop is the wired connection from a telephone company's central office in a locality to its customers' telephones at homes and businesses. This connection is usually on a pair of copper wires called twisted pair. The system was originally designed for voice transmission only using analog transmission technology on a single voice channel. Today, your computer's modem makes the conversion between analog signals and digital signals. With Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), the local loop can carry digital signals directly and at a much higher bandwidth than they do for voice only. b. Central Office In telephone communication in the United States, a central office (CO) is an office in a locality...
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...Local landline phone systems consist of several different components. The following are what makes it all up. 1. The local loop is the link between a customer and the telephone company’s central office, often called “the last mile”. The local loop uses copper-based telephone wire. 2. The central office is a local telephone company switching center. There are 2 types of central offices, the first is end office (EO) or local exchange (LE) and connects directly to the outside plant. The second type is the Tandem office; this is a central office that is not connected directly to the customer. 3. Point of presence (POP) is the point at which a line from a long distance carrier (IXC) connects to a local telephone company or to the user if the local company is not involved. In dial up the POP is the local telephone exchanged that the modem dials into to log in. 4. Long Distance service is made by an interexchange (IXC). This component is used to connect LEC’s together in different LATA’s. 5. The fixed line refers to devices connected by cable. A fixed line phone is wired to a telephone jack on the wall. Cellular Telephones are a lot like a two way radio that carries a full-duplex conversation. These components that make this up are; 1. Voice, transmitted information in a format similar to a fixed line, when it first came out. There were a lot of lost calls when it was implemented. Now that is very rare. 2. Data, started out at 2g, and now we are using...
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