...Unit 1 Case Study 1 Tell Me about Blood Paige Keegan March 24, 2016 ITT-Technical Institute 1. How does the volume of blood in your body compare to the volume of fluid in a two-liter bottle of soda? In the average-sized male the blood volume is 5-6 liters and 4-5 in the adult female. (Pg. 616) 2. What is the significance of a lower-than-normal hematocrit? A higher-than-normal hematocrit? Lower-than-normal hematocrit indicates anemia. Higher-than-normal hematocrit indicates polycythemia. (Pg. 619) 3. How is the development of lymphocytes unique when compared to the development of the other formed elements? B Lymphocytes develop in red bone marrow, T lymphocytes develop in red bone marrow and mature in the thymus; the other formed elements develop in red bone marrow. 4. How are red blood cells able to squeeze through capillaries that are smaller in diameter than they are? The cell membrane is strong and flexible, so it can deform without rupturing the cell. (pg. 622) 5. Why do red blood cells live for only about 120 days? Because of the wear and tear their plasma membranes undergo as they squeeze through blood capillaries. (pg. 622) 6. What is erythropoiesis? What factors speed up and slow down erythropoiesis? Erythropoiesis is production of RBCs. Erythropoiesis is speeded up when oxygen delivery to the kidneys falls and slows down when there is sufficient oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. (pg. 624) 7. What would happen if a person...
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...Tell Me about Blood Lucrezia Stoner ITT, Strongsville Tell Me about Blood 1) A lower than normal hematocrit or anemia means that the percentage of red blood cells is below the lower limits of normal. It could be as a result of internal bleeding, nutritional problem or over hydration. 2) When there is a bacterial infection, the hematocrit is raised. Lymphocytes are types of white blood cells. They are the body’s primary immune defense and move through the lymph in response to antigens and pathogens. T-cells originate in the bone marrow and migrate to the thymus to mature; B-cells also originate in the bone marrow and migrate to the lymph tissues to mature. 3) Erythropoiesis is the production of red blood cells. This process begins with myeloid cells that differentiate into myoblasts (an immature white blood cell of the bone marrow) orproerythrocytes (an immature red blood cell). There are several factors which influence and regulate erythropoiesis: Erythropoietin- (EPO) a hormone secreted by the kidneys which stimulates the bone marrow to increase differentiation of proerythrocytes and thus increase erythrocyte production. Intrinsic factor- or erythrocyte-maturing factor, which the stomach secretes to facilitate erythrocyte maturation. Vitamin B12- also called the extrinsic factor, which interacts with the intrinsic factor. Iron- an essential component of hemoglobin (the protein complex within erythrocytes that binds with oxygen) 4) A person with type O blood...
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...Unit 1 Case Study 1: Tell Me about Blood Christie Wolford Breckenridge School of Nursing The normal range of hematocrit (percentage of total blood volume occupied by red blood cells) is 38-46 for (average) females and 40-54 in (average) males, a lower than normal hematocrit indicates anemia; a less than normal percentage of red blood cells occupying the blood volume, red blood cells carry oxygen. When there is a low hematocrit that means that there is not enough oxygen being circulated throughout the body because there are not enough red blood cells. When there is a bacterial infection the hematocrit are not affected, red blood cells are transporters, not defenders. Hematocrit is only the percentage of red blood cells contained within a sample and no other cells. The bacterial infection will cause there to be an increase of white blood cells, as they are the ones on the “front line” of invasion protection. (Jenkins, Tortora, 2013) Unlike red blood cells; white blood cells have nuclei and a full set of other organelles, but no hemoglobin. (this is a given as hemoglobin is what gives red cells their color)Lymphocytes are agranular leukocytes, meaning they possess cytoplasmic granules. All formed elements develop from pluripotent stem cells, however lymphocytes derive from lymphoid stem cells rather than myeloid stem cells. Lymphoid stem cells begin development in the red bone marrow and complete it in lymphatic tissues creating lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Lymphocytes...
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...Activity 1: Tell Me about Blood Low hematocrit levels, AKA anemia, indicate a low percentage of red blood cells in the blood. The effect of a bacterial infection would be a decrease in hematocrit levels. Leukocytes can be formed in several locations thought the body. The thymus, bone marrow, and spleen all produce leukocytes. The other formed elements are developed through red blood cells or fragmentation of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. Erythropoiesis is the formation of red blood cells. Erythropoiesis speeds up when oxygen delivery to the kidneys is reduced. This triggers a negative feedback system that speeds up the process until kidney oxygen levels return to normal. Type O blood is known as the universal donor because any other blood type can safely receive a transfusion, with no negative effects from this type. If a person with B blood received a transfusion of O blood everything would be fine. A. This WBC is a lymphocyte. Its primary function is producing antibodies. T lymphocytes attack infected or cancerous cells. B. This WBC is a basophil. Its primary function is to help mediate inflammation C. This WBC is a monocyte. Its primary function is phagocytosis of bacteria and viruses. D. This WBC is a neutrophil. Its primary function is phagocytosis of microorganisms. E. This WBC is an eosinophil. Its primary function is Phagocytosis of parasites and involvement in allergic reactions. 6. The level of leukocytes would be higher in an individual who has been...
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...Assume that a 13 year old is studying blood in school, but has questions that haven’t been answered in class. These are some of the questions he asked you. Write a paragraph to answer his questions in language that will be understandable by a young teenager. 1. What is the significance of a lower than normal hematocrit? What is the effect of a bacterial infection on the hematocrit? A significant drop in the hematocrit indicates anemia, a lower than normal number of red blood cells (RBCs). Lower values in women during their reproductive years also may be due to excessive loss of blood during menstruation. A bacterial infection would increases the production the number of White Blood Cells (WBC), because the WBC are fighting off the infection may affect the hematocrit by lowering it. 2. Compare the development of lymphocytes with the development of the other formed elements? Lymphocytes: produced in red bone marrow but lymphocytes can also be produced in lymphatic organs such as lymph nodes and spleen. Develop from lymphoid stem cells. B cells: Attack bacteria, viruses and toxins T cells: Acting directly against virus-infected cells and tumor cells Leucocytes: Only formed elements that are complete cells with a nucleus and usual organelles Develop from myeloid stem cells. Platelets: hemopoietic stem cells also differentiate into cells that produce platelets, under the influence of the hormone thrombopoietin, myeloid cells develop into...
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...Tell me about Blood Assignment GE259 Tell Me About Blood 1) A hematocrit is a blood test that measures the percentage of red blood cells in the total volume of whole blood. So a lower than normal hematocrit would mean that you have a lower than normal RBC’s (red blood cell) count for your age, sex, or condition. This signifies that you could have anemia, internal bleeding, or something is destroying your RBC’s, or your body is not producing them at an appropriate rate. The effect of a bacterial infection on a hematocrit would be that you would have a lower RBC count because you will have a higher WBC’s (white blood cell) count to combat the bacterial infection. 2) Leukocytes are produced and stored in different locations like the thymus, spleen, and bone marrow. There are two kinds of lymphocytes B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes (killer T cells). Lymphocytes start out in the bone marrow and either stay there to mature into B cells, or they leave for the thymus gland, where they mature into T cells. Formed elements, such as blood is a mixture of plasma and other substances which are developed through erythrocytes. Platelets are formed by the fragmentation of megakaryocytes. 3) Erythropoiesis is the production of RBC’s. This begins in the red bone marrow and starts off as a proerythroblast. The proerythroblast then divides several times until it reaches the end of development and ejects the nucleus. After that it is called a reticulocyte. The reticulocyte...
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...Case Study 1: Tell Me About Blood ITT Technical Institute Navid Momeny Case Study 1: Tell Me About Blood 1. What is the significance of lower-than-normal hematocrit? What is the effect of a bacterial infection on the hematocrit? A lower-than-normal hematocrit tells us that a person has anemia. A large amount of white blood cells due to cancer or some type of infection, vitamin or mineral deficiencies, or some type of blood loss. A bacterial infection will cause the hematocrit test show more white blood cells in the blood because it is trying to fight off the infection. 2. Compare the development of lymphocytes with the development of the other formed elements. Lymphocytes are produced in the red bone marrow and some can be produced in lymphatic organs like the lymph nodes. B cell lymphocytes are in the red bone marrow where they live out their life cycle. T cell lymphocytes begin in the red bone marrow but later mature in the thymus. 3. What is erythropoiesis? Which factors speed up and slow down erythropoiesis? Erythropoiesis produce red blood cells. The amount of oxygen being carried would affect the speed of erythropoiesis. 4. Explain what would happen if a person with type B blood were given a transfusion of type O blood. A person that has type B blood can receive a transfusion from a person with type O blood because there are no antigens and the person with B blood will not have any antibodies that will attach the O blood. 5. During an anatomy...
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...Unit 1. Case Study 1. Tell Me About Blood Unit 1. Case Study 1. Tell Me About Blood 1. What is the significance of a lower-than-normal hematocrit? What is the effect of a bacterial infection on the hematocrit? (PAGE 618 619) First, hematocrit (HCT) is the percentage of blood made up of red blood cells. Usually measured by centrifuging a blood sample in a graduated tube and then reading the volume of red blood cells and dividing it by the total volume of blood in a sample. A significant drop in hematocrit is an indication of anemia (lower-than-normal number of red blood cells (Jenkins & Tortora, 2013). A bacterial infection would increase the production of white blood cells to fight off the infection. The hematocrit would have a thicker buffer layer (white blood cells) causing the red blood cell production to slightly decrease which would decrease the ratio of red blood cells to whole blood volume. 2. Compare the development of lymphocytes with the development of the other formed elements. (PAGES 629 631 632 769) Lymphocytes and the other formed elements are developed from pluripotent stem cells. The pluripotent stem cells generate myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells. Myeloid stem cells start and complete their development in red bone marrow and give rise to red blood cells, platelets, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, and monocytes. Lymphoid stem cells begin development in the red bone marrow, but some are completed in the lymphatic tissues,...
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...Unit 1. Case Study 1. Tell Me About Blood 1. What is the significance of a lower-than-normal hematocrit? What is the effect of a bacterial infection on the hematocrit? (PAGE 618 619) First, hematocrit (HCT) is the percentage of blood made up of red blood cells. Usually measured by centrifuging a blood sample in a graduated tube and then reading the volume of red blood cells and dividing it by the total volume of blood in a sample. A significant drop in hematocrit is an indication of anemia (lower-than-normal number of red blood cells (Jenkins & Tortora, 2013). A bacterial infection would increase the production of white blood cells to fight off the infection. The hematocrit would have a thicker buffer layer (white blood cells) causing the red blood cell production to slightly decrease which would decrease the ratio of red blood cells to whole blood volume. 2. Compare the development of lymphocytes with the development of the other formed elements. (PAGES 629 631 632 769) Lymphocytes and the other formed elements are developed from pluripotent stem cells. The pluripotent stem cells generate myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells. Myeloid stem cells start and complete their development in red bone marrow and give rise to red blood cells, platelets, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, and monocytes. Lymphoid stem cells begin development in the red bone marrow, but some are completed in the lymphatic tissues, where they give rise to lymphocytes. The B cell lymphocytes...
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...loss of blood, bone marrow problems, or abnormal hematocrit. The effect of bacterial infection would cause a decrease in hematocrit. 2. Compare the development of lymphocytes with the development of the other formed elements. Leukocytes are produced or stored in many locations in the body, including the thymus, spleen, and bone marrow. The two kinds of lymphocytes are B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. Lymphocytes start out in the bone marrow and either stay there to mature into B cells, or they leave for the thymus gland, where they mature into T cells. Other formed elements, such as blood is a mixture of plasma and other substances which are developed through red blood cells or erythrocytes. Thrombocytes or platelets are formed by fragmentation of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. 3. What is Erythropoiesis? Which factors speed up and slow down erythropoiesis? Erythropoiesis is the process of red blood cell formation or production which begins in the red bone marrow as a proerythroblast. It then divides several times until it reaches the end of development, ejects the nucleus, and becomes a reticulocyte. These develop into erythrocytes within one or two days after release from the bone marrow. Erythropoiesis slows down when there is a sufficient oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. It speeds up when the oxygen delivery to the kidneys and other body tissues fails. 4. Explain what would happen if a person with type B blood were given a transfusion of type O blood. If a...
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...Michael Fisher Michael Fisher The Blood Letter The Blood Letter The Blood Letter Written by: Michael Fisher Jr. Copyright: October 23, 2014 -Preface- In mid-evil times there was an unorthodox treatment for any ailment at the time, it was called bloodletting. When the nobles were ill, no matter what the affliction was, the surgeons with their hideous beak nosed masks and the blacked out eyes would come in and perform a bloodletting. The bloodletting consisted of placing leaches randomly on the afflicted one’s body, and allowing them to suck the sickness out of the host body. They would also place small incisions in precise placements to allow the “bad blood” to flow out of the infected body. More times than not, the patient died, but they always assumed it was because the infection was too far gone. Or even that the Devil himself had a hunger for that person’s soul. Even during the time of the black plague outbreaks, smallpox, cholera and the many other ramped diseases of the dark ages, the bloodletting practice was incorporated. Even during the Salem witch trials this method was instilled as a form of torture to get confessions of witchcraft form the accused, and also to try to rid them of the evil blood received from the devil. The practice was thought to have died out with the knights, nobles, and the kingdoms of old, and destroyed along with the witches…or so we thought. Fast forward many centuries from the dark ages to the modern days of the cell phone...
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...Special episodeOn April 5, 2007, Fuji Television aired a three hour special of the series set five years after Aya's death and focuses on Haruto Asō, who has now become a doctor at the same hospital Aya was treated in and Ako Ikeuchi, Aya's younger sister who is a nurse in training. Haruto is caring for a 14-year-old female patient, Mizuki, who was bullied in school because of her disease, the same one that Aya had. Because of the bullying at school, Mizuki-chan decides not to receive therapy of any sort that would make her better, because she has lost her will to live. Haruto remembers how Aya fought her illness and lived her life with her disease; therefore, he offers support to his patient. Aya reappears in the episode using a number of flashbacks from the series and in new scenes.[1] [edit]Main cast Erika Sawajiri - Aya Ikeuchi Ryō Nishikido - Haruto Asō (Aya's later love interest) [edit]Other cast Naohito Fujiki - Hiroshi Mizuno (Doctor) Hiroko Yakushimaru - Ikeuchi Shioka Takanori Jinnai - Ikeuchi Mizuo Riko Narumi - Ikeuchi Ako Yuma Sanada - Ikeuchi Hiroki Ai Miyoshi - Ikeuchi Rika Saori Koide - Mari Sugiura (One of Aya's best friends) Kenichi Matsuyama - Yuji Kawamoto (Aya's first love interest) Yuya Endo - Takeda Makoto (Yuji's friend in the Basketball club) Kana Matsumoto - Saki Matsumura Momosuke Mizutani - Kohei Onda Ryo Hashidume - Keita Nakahara Hiroshi Katsuno - Yoshifumi Asō (Haruto's father) Asae Onishi (大西麻恵...
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...Lady Macbeth vs. the Narrator of “The Tell-Tale Heart” One in five people have mental health issues, but five in five people have mental health. William Shakespeare’s character Lady Macbeth from the play Macbeth and the narrator of Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Tell-Tale Heart.” both are examples of mental health issues. Lady Macbeth’s mental illness was brought on by the guilt she felt after committing a murder, but for the narrator of “The Tell-Tale Heart.” the mental illness was present before the murder. This showing that it was not a result of guilt. Before the murder of Duncan in the play Macbeth, Lady Macbeth seemed happy and showed little to no signs of mental health issues. After the death of the king and guards, you can see the change in Lady Macbeth. She starts to sleep walk, she mumbles about feeling guilt and she no longer wants to be in the dark. In the play when murders happen it is always a dark stormy night, this is to set the mood of it being dark and scary. (Enter Lady Macbeth with a taper) DOCTOR. How came she by that light? GENTLEWOMEN. Why, it stood by her. She has light by her con- / tinually, tis’ her command. (5.1.133). Lady Macbeth doesn’t want to be in the dark anymore so she carries a candle with her everywhere she goes, even sleep walking. Another sign that the guilt of the murder sent Lady Macbeth into a mentally ill state would be her continuously trying to wash the blood of her hands. “Out damned spot! Out...
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...response to the song “Strange Fruit” was disturbing I couldn’t tell if a man or a woman was singing the song. The singer had a very low toned voice and the instrumentals in the song gave me a hard time trying to understand what they singer was saying. Not knowing whom the singer was made it hard for me to try and paint a picture of the story they were trying to tell. Taking my focus away from the lyrics. When I first heard the song in my kitchen I was confused I didn’t understand what was the singer was trying to sing, all I remember was the sound in their voice. The singer had a very smooth, slow paced tone. The voice was vary relaxed and gave me a sense of calmness. After, hearing the song over and over again and taking a look at the lyrics my first thought was about all the police brutality happening all around the United States. How the main victims are blacks. The subject in this song was about the racism happening in America. To describe the subject was hard. I had a very hard time with this song trying to understand all the metaphors and have a good understanding of what she was talking about. I think about this subject all the time. We live in a world where racism still exists some people experience more often than others and some will never experience it all. I would consider myself one of the lucky ones to have never been in a situation where I have felt discriminated or felt looked down on. But we hear about it on the news everyday for example, presidential candidate...
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...before he murdered him. He had a hallucination about his friend Banquo after he had murdered him. Macbeth was told three apparitions by witches about how he would die which weren’t meant to be true but happened in ways he didn’t fully expect. “Is this a dagger which I see before me/The handle toward my hand? Come, let me clutch thee/I have thee not, and yet I see thee still/Art thou not, fatal vision, sensible/ To feeling as to sight? Or art thou but/A dagger of the mind, a false creation/Proceeding from the heat-oppressed brain?/I see thee yet, in form as palpable/As this which now i draw/Thou marshall’st me the way that I was going/And such an instrument I was to use/Mine eyes are made the fools o’ th’ other senses/Or else worth all the rest. I see thee still/And on thy blade the dudgeon gouts of blood/Which was not so before. There’s no such thing/It is the bloody business which informs/Thus to mine eyes." (2.1.33-48). Macbeth is getting prepared to commit the crime of murdering King Duncan. He gets so nervous and overwhelmed by the situation that he has an illusion of a dagger. He can see it but he knows it’s not real because as he tries to grab it he can’t touch it. This was the first murder he was going to commit, therefor he became so nervous and overwhelmed that caused his mind to create an illusion. As the dagger turns and points to Duncan’s room, it’s actually just his mind showing him what he’s about to do. He sees blood on it because he knows that it’s going to be...
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