...Temperature Thermal pollution occurs when humans change the temperature of a body of water. The most common point source of thermal pollution is cooling water, which is used to cool machinery. Thermal pollution may also be caused by stormwater runoff from warm surfaces such as streets and parking lots. Soil erosion is another cause, since it can cause cloudy conditions in a water body. Cloudy water absorbs the sun's rays, resulting in a rise in water temperature. Thermal pollution may even be caused by the removal of trees and vegetation which normally shade the water body. Thermal pollution can result in significant changes to the aquatic environment. Most aquatic organisms are adapted to survive within a specific temperature range. As temperatures increase, cold water species, such as trout and stonefly nymphs, may be replaced by warmwater species, like carp and dragonfly nymphs. Thermal pollution may also increase the extent to which fish are vulnerable to toxic compounds, parasites, and disease. If temperatures reach extremes of heat or cold, few organisms will survive. In addition to thermal pollutions' direct effects on aquatic life, there are numerous indirect effects. Thermal pollution results in lowered levels of dissolved oxygen, since cooler water can hold more oxygen than warmer water. Low dissolved oxygen levels will cause oxygen-sensitive species to die. Photosynthesis and plant growth increase with higher water temperatures, resulting in more plants. When these...
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...While climate impacts will vary on a regional scale, it is the tourism business that needs to take a look at today and tomorrow’s economic factors. While some of the benefits from climate change may accrue to individual farms or businesses, the cost of dealing with adverse climate impacts are typically borne by society as a whole. These costs to society will not be uniformly distributed but felt most among small businesses and Grand Traverse Bay. Here they will most likely to be affected by climate change such as, water, energy, transportation and public health systems. The costs of inaction are frequently neglected and typically not done. These costs include such expenses as rebuilding or preparing infrastructure to meet new realities and the ripple effect of these economic impacts on the state’s households, the agricultural, manufacturing, and commercial and public service sectors as well as tourism in Grand Traverse Bay (Douglas, 2001). Climate change will affect the water, energy, transportation, and public health systems, as well as state economies as well as climate change impact and a wide range of important economic sectors from agriculture to manufacturing to tourism. It is all about location in any business. Especially in the tourism business, but what would happen if we did not for see the future. Looking at Traverse Bay it isn’t a positive future for tourism in the Michigan area in the next 10 to 20 years. Looking at Grand Traverse Bay, I will be...
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...WATERSPOUT PHENOMINIA OF THE GREAT LAKES ____________________________________________________________________________ The Great Lakes waterspout outbreak of 2003 In September of 2003, The Great Lakes experienced a waterspout phenomenon that lasted for seven days. This is the longest waterspout phenomenon recorded in history. During this time eighty-two waterspout sightings were recorded. Each Great Lake had at least one sighting with others having multiple. How did it happen? There was large change in the air pattern where a mass of cold air from the Artic North moved down over the Great Lakes. The summer of 2003 had higher than normal temperatures resulting in The Great Lakes having warmer temperatures. Was the event predicted? The event...
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...The Grindylows that inhabit the Black Lake has developed different mechanisms to survive the conditions in their environment. Through careful observation we have compiled the most likely combination of physiological adaptations for the Grindylows to thrive in their habitat. In order to survive in the conditions of the Black Lake, the Grindylow faces multiple challenges. Primarily, their living condition can be categorized into three phases; summer day, summer night and winter. During the summer days, the environment is hyperoxic(pO2>400mmHg) and hypocapnic(PCO2~0mmH) with temperatures up to 28 degrees Celsius. On the other hand, in summer nights the water becomes hypoxic(pO2~10mmHg) and hypercapnic(pCO2~25mmHg) with the same temperature....
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...ECOSYSTEMS PAPER (LAKE TAHOE) SCI/256 Lake Tahoe is a large and a very beautiful lake in Nevada region of the United States. The surface are of the lake is about 191, 500 square miles. The average depth of the lake is about 300 meters. The lake is surrounded vegetation which supports a variety of plant life and animal life. The diversity of the organisms living around the lake is great. The vegetation around the lake consists of rain forests including species of Jeffry Pine, lodgepole Pine, white and red first. Vegetation also includes dry meadows and brush fields. The brush field Ceanothus has the capability of fixing nitrogen that makes the soil of the surrounding lake more fertile. There are several processes that prevail inside and outside the lake. The lake is under threat from eutrophication that can severely affect the aquatic life living in it and the surrounding vegetation. It has been estimated that there has been changes in the populations of the various aquatic animals living in the lake’s waters. Zooplankton population has faced the greatest changes. The lake experiences winter and summer seasons with full might. Temperatures can go as high as 25.9 degrees Celsius in the summer and as low as sub-zero in the winter. The vegetation surrounding the lake experiences these temperature changes and responds to this stimulus by the change in leaf colors and leaf numbers. The seasonal changes...
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...ECOSYSTEMS PAPER (LAKE TAHOE) SCI/256 Lake Tahoe is a large and a very beautiful lake in Nevada region of the United States. The surface are of the lake is about 191, 500 square miles. The average depth of the lake is about 300 meters. The lake is surrounded vegetation which supports a variety of plant life and animal life. The diversity of the organisms living around the lake is great. The vegetation around the lake consists of rain forests including species of Jeffry Pine, lodgepole Pine, white and red first. Vegetation also includes dry meadows and brush fields. The brush field Ceanothus has the capability of fixing nitrogen that makes the soil of the surrounding lake more fertile. There are several processes that prevail inside and outside the lake. The lake is under threat from eutrophication that can severely affect the aquatic life living in it and the surrounding vegetation. It has been estimated that there has been changes in the populations of the various aquatic animals living in the lake’s waters. Zooplankton population has faced the greatest changes. The lake experiences winter and summer seasons with full might. Temperatures can go as high as 25.9 degrees Celsius in the summer and as low as sub-zero in the winter. The vegetation surrounding the lake experiences these temperature changes and responds to this stimulus by the change in leaf colors and leaf numbers. The seasonal changes...
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...Student Name: Tang Jocelyn Sze Ling Student ID: GEC 000009X Assessment Unit: VU 21470 Task 1: 1. Lake Eyre 9,500 km Northern South Australia 2. Lake Mckenzie 1,200m Fraser Island 3. Lake Argyle 1,000 km Ord River 4. Murray River 2,508km 5. Darling River 1,472km 6. Murrumbidgee River 1,600km 7. Mount Kosciuszko 2,228m 8. Snowy Mountains 2,228m 9. Mount Trickett 1,362m 10. Great Victoria Desert 424,400 square kilometres 11. Great Sandy Desert 284,993 square kilometres 12. Tanami Desert 184,500 square kilometres 13. 14. South Australia has a Mediterranean climate with warm, dry summers and mild winters. 15. Northern Territory has two distinct climate zones: the tropical top end, which has two seasons, and Semi-arid Central Australia, which has four. 16....
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...the southern shores of Lake Michigan. The park is comprised of over 15,000 acres of dunes, oak savannas, swamps, bogs, prairies, rivers, and forests. This park is a great example of a vast and unique environment resulting from the retreat of the last great continental glacier some 14,000 years ago. (1) This park is also located within an urban setting and is closely located to the highly populated industrialized cities of Gary, Indiana and Chicago, Illinois. Early, overharvesting of forests and farming impacted the area’s ecology and resources. Residential and industrial developments over time coupled with climate change have altered natural processes for the environment. Today the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore has a challenge associated with balancing impacts of human actions within fragile natural environments. Restoration plans by resource managers for the area have been focused on mitigating the damage done in the past. The key in restoring the area is planning for the future, limiting new developments, and considering future climate will help aid in the restoration. (1) Background Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore was established by Congress as a national lakeshore in 1966. (2) Prior to industrial and residential development along Lake Michigan, the shoreline was comprised of a highly diverse landscape. This area is considered one of the most extensive geologic records of the glacial period in the creation of the Great Lakes area. Biological diversity...
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...planets. This is because sunlight is reflected by the planet's water. * Asia Continent is covered 30% of the total earth land area, but represent 60% of the world's population. * The world's deadliest recorded earthquake occurred in 1557 in central China, more than 830,000 people were killed. * The Persian Gulf is the warmest sea. In the summer its temperature reaches 35.6 degrees centigrade. * Sunlight can penetrate clean ocean water to a depth of 240 feet. * Louisiana loses about 30 square miles (78 square kilometers) of land each year to coastal erosion, hurricanes, other natural and human causes and a thing called subsidence, which means sinking. * Only 3% water of the earth is fresh, rest 97% salted. Of that 3%, over 2% is frozen in ice sheets and glaciers. Means less than 1% fresh water is found in lakes, rivers and underground. * The total surface area of the Earth is 197 million square miles. * The word "Arctic" comes from the ancient Greek Arktikos, or "country of the great bear." Though the Greeks had no knowledge of the polar bear, they named the region after the constellation Ursus Major, the Great Bear, found in the Northern Sky. * A huge underground river runs underneath the Nile, with six times more water than the river above. * About 540 volcanoes on land are known. No one knows how many undersea volcanoes have erupted through history. * Angel Falls in Venezuela is the worlds highest waterfall, The water of Falls drops 3,212 feet (979 meters)...
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...Tanzania also known as the African Great Lakes nation. This region was known as Tanganyika and it wasn’t until after German East Africa was transferred to the United Kingdom as a mandate by the League of Nations in 1920 for its name Tanzania to come in place. Tanzania’s absolute location is at 6.3070° S, 34.8540° E. It’s located in the south eastern part of Africa. Its south of Kenya and north of Mozambique. With the Indian ocean to the east and the Democratic Republic of Congo to its west. Located in Tanzania is the tallest peak in Africa, Mount Kilimanjaro. Standing at 19,340 feet. Also part of the largest lake in Africa, Lake Victoria. Tanzania is located directly under the equator in the tropic of Capricorn. Tanzania is mostly has a hot...
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...Ecosystems SUMMARY Fresh water is vital to human life and economic well-being, and societies extract vast quantities of water from rivers, lakes, wetlands, and underground aquifers to supply the requirements of cities, farms, and industries. Our need for fresh water has long caused us to overlook equally vital benefits of water that remains in stream to sustain healthy aquatic ecosystems. There is growing recognition, however, that functionally intact and biologically complex freshwater ecosystems provide many economically valuable commodities and services to society. These services include flood control, transportation, recreation, purification of human and industrial wastes, habitat for plants and animals, and production of fish and other foods and marketable goods. Over the long term, intact ecosystems are more likely to retain the adaptive capacity to sustain production of these goods and services in the face of future environmental disruptions such as climate change. These ecosystem benefits are costly and often impossible to replace when aquatic systems are degraded. For this reason, deliberations about water allocation should always include provisions for maintaining the integrity of freshwater ecosystems. Scientific evidence indicates that aquatic ecosystems can be protected or restored by recognizing the following: • Rivers, lakes, wetlands, and their connecting ground waters are literally the “sinks” into which landscapes drain. Far from being isolated bodies or conduits...
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...employs about three quarters of Canadians. Canada is unusual among developed countries in the importance of the primary sector, with the logging and oil industries being two of Canada's most important. Canada also has a sizable manufacturing sector, centered in Central Canada, with the automobile industry and aircraft industry especially important. With a long coastal line, Canada has the 8th largest commercial fishing and seafood industry in the world. Canada is one of the global leaders of the entertainment software industry. Canada’s climate is not as cold all year round as you might think. Winter temperatures fall below freezing in most of Canada but the South Western coast is relatively mild. Along the Arctic Circle is where it is coldest, the temperatures fall below freezing for around seven months of the year. During the summer the Southern provinces often have temperatures of over 86 °F and high levels of humidity. In terms of rainfall, Western and South-Eastern Canada has the most, while the...
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...LOCATION: The Great Lakes civilization consists all of the area surrounding the Great lakes. This location is subject to all of the seasons such as winter summer fall and spring but the most noticeable are summer and winter. I chose this location for my civilization because it has one of the most important resources for human beings, that resource being fresh water. Another benefit that my civilization has other than fresh water is the way my civilizations people can use the lakes to hunt for food by fishing. A disadvantage of my civilization is that the yearly temperatures are a bit colder than more southern civilizations which hurts my civilizations ability to farm for food. As a result my civilizations population is very low compared to...
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...the Arabian Peninsula, and Somalia * Arctic Circle: Line of latitude, north of which experiences a period of 24-hour sunlight * Atlas Mountains: Mountain range in northwest Africa * Black Sea: Large sea separating parts of Europe and Asia * Cartography: The making of maps * Caspian Sea: Largest inland body of water, located in Asia * Chesapeake Bay: Largest estuary in the United States, bordered by Maryland and Virginia * Coordinates: A position on a map, specified by latitude and longitude, ex: 41N 73W * Death Valley: Desert in California; hottest and lowest location in North America * El Niño–Southern Oscillation: A climate pattern where the temperature of the tropical Pacific Ocean warms about every five years * English Channel: Water separating France from Great Britain *...
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...world's three mightiest mountain ranges- the Karakoram, the Hindukush and the Himalayas- meet. The entire Gilgit-Baltistan is like a paradise for mountaineers, climbers, trekkers, hikers and anglers. There are five distinct ecological zones, which can be identified as alpine areas and permanent snowfields, alpine meadows and alpine scrub, sub-alpine scrub, dry temperature coniferous forest and dry temperature evergreen oak scrub. This diverse range of ecological zones supports a rich faunal diversity, including fish. Gilgit-Baltistan region is blessed with great water resources covering rivers, streams and alpine lakes fed by the snowmelt and glacier waters. The area is a fishing Paradise, surrounded by huge mountains and lakes which gives a beautiful scene and an ideal place for fishing and hunting. Many anglers’ local and foreigner come here for hunting and have a great fishing experience of lifetime. The present studies reveal that there are about 19 species of native fishes found in different areas of GB among which trout is famous. This specie has now well established itself and is found in most of the rivers and lakes of Gilgit, Skardu and Ghizer districts. Particularly, upstream of Ghizer River and its tributaries contain large number of brown trout. No fish market has been emerged in GB areas in spite of the fact that Boyh, Rainbow trout and Brown trout are the most delicious fishes. Moreover the area has unlimited water resources for production of species. Where are...
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