.... Teratogens, such as drugs it can it are just as harmful to the fetus and the as alcohol. Different drugs have it can be it different effects on the does it do what mothers and the fetuses it can as well. Teratogens can vary to way very from drugs that of to alcohol. Any foreign body if it what that enters the mother fetus from healthy that is not beneficial and unhealthy the or healthy to the fetus it is not the is categorized as a teratogen. Some of the harsher if not possible teratogens that affect do right the fetus in more extreme cases and what is ways are illicit do not it goes too drugs such as cocaine what it and heroin. Berk, L. E. & Meyers, A. B. (2016) suggested that about 25 percent doing bad of U.S.). In most cases, the it was mothers who were not that much...
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...Developmental Psychology Student's Name: Institution Affiliation: Introduction The embryo undergoes enormous changes during the period of its development. It is transformed from a single cell to a recognizable human embryo. The process of prenatal development takes place in three main stages. The first stage is the germinal stage that occurs in the first two weeks after conception. The second stage is the embryonic period which occurs from the third week up to the eighth week. The last stage in this category is the fetal period that occurs from the ninth week until birth. The Germinal Stage The germinal stage starts at the conception time when the sperm and the egg cell unite resulting in fertilization that occurs in the fallopian tube. The fertilized egg is referred to as the zygote. The zygote then moves towards the uterus. Cell division occurs about 24 to 36 hours after conception (Giritharan, Ilic, Gormley & Krtolica, 2011). The single-celled zygote will start moving towards the uterus from the fallopian tube, this occurs just a few hours after conception the process is referred to as implantation. The process of cell division takes place in the uterus. After the process of implantation, another process called gastrulation takes place and forms three layers that are known as the germ layers. The germ layer differentiates into different structures. The ectoderm forms several outer tissues such as hair and skin and also...
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...it is known that an egg must never be dropped because of the frigid temperature. Although it was unlikely for Mumble to hatch after the drop, he hatches and is livid with his feet. Mumble, in good spirits displays his unconventional talent. Not only was Mumble born with “happy feet” he was also born with the inability to sing. In order for penguins to mate, they must be able to serenade a female penguin. Without this important trait Mumble’s parents as well as the community are left in confusion. Possible causes of disabilities in children similar to Mumble would involve teratogens. “Teratogens are drugs, chemicals, or even infections that can cause abnormal fetal development. There are billions of potential teratogens but only a few agents are proven to have teratogenic effects,” (Pregnancy and Teratogens). Anything caused by an external force would be similar to the cause Mumble’s development. Teratogens can cause learning disabilities such as dyslexia and ADHD. Although it is not too obvious Mumble’s appearance is also different, he has a fluffy outer coat unlike his peers, and has blue eyes, and is smaller in size than the rest of his peers. Mumble’s development is similar to that of a child with ADHD. He is unable to control his “happy feet,” as well as short attention span when told not to sing or dance. Children with ADHD often suffer from not being able to focus, being overactive and not being able to control their behavior. This is displayed when Mumble uncontrollably...
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...awareness of depression, not only of postpartum depression, since depression may occur during pregnancy as well. This article also informs me that there may be an intervention available to lessen depressive symptoms during pregnancy in my patients. As a result one would be able to inform my patients of this cognitive behavioral intervention and individual sessions to decrease their depressive symptoms. In conclusion, the following concepts, mnemonics, positive reinforcement, teratogens, and peripartum depression will all assist me throughout my career due to the fact that they will either help me to remember terms, or to educate the newly-mothers about an issue. One needs to know the meaning of these concepts to be able to explain them to my patients when necessary. Mnemonics will assist me with remembering medical terms. Positive reinforcement will benefit the newly-mothers in the way that they will continue to think positive and go on with the pregnancy. The knowledge of teratogens and peripartum onset will permit me to educate...
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...Perinatal and Prenatal Environmental Influences Jeremy Donna Glover, CHFD 308 July 18th 2011 Most child development causation research has focused on genetic inheritance, and environmental contexts such as social cultural and community influences as dominant factors in physical and cognitive development. I believe that prenatal environmental influences have been overlooked in much research to date. By reviewing the journal “Perinatal exposure in later psychological development and behavioral disabilities” I will emphasis the importance of healthy living to later cognitive development in infancy and early childhood. During the late 1950’s and early 1960’s the devastating thalidomide tragedy brought awareness to the public the causation between birth defects and use of chemical’s during pregnancy. An estimated 10,000 birth defects and thousands of fetal deaths worldwide as a result from failed animal testing. Women were prescribed the sedative thalidomide to reduce morning sickness. As these children grew older, many scored below average in intelligence by possible direct damage to the central nervous system (Berk, L. 2008). Damage to the central nervous system could have correlated with a negative bi-directional influence between child and parent. Subsequently, this event influenced researchers to develop a new branch of study into the causation of birth defects called Teratology. At the time researchers speculated that during the prenatal...
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...provided for reference. For the purposes of this assignment, field marked “N/A” do not need to be completed. |Teratogens |In-Vitro Fertilization |Zygote | |Attachment |Conservation |Positive Reinforcement | |ADHD |Self-Concept |Sensorimotor Period | |Temperament |Refined motor skills |Mobility | |Preoperational Thought Period | | | | |Biological |Psychological or Cognitive |Social | | |Development |Development |Development | |Conception and |Teratogens are substances, including drugs, that cause | | ...
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...worker at a health center I would create an effective advertising campaign targeting teens, create a catchy slogan, develop poster and handouts, and also have meetings and fundraisers to bring awareness to the rises of teenage pregnancy and teratogens. Teenage Pregnancy Risks Infants born to teenage mothers are at increased risk for a number of health risks. The risks include the premature baby and low birth weight. Teenage mothers are less likely to gain the required amount of weight during their pregnancy this will cause low birth weight for the baby. Low birth weight is associated with many infant and childhood disorders and a higher rate of infant mortality. Low-birth weight babies are more likely to have organs that are not fully developed; this can result in many complications, brain disorders, respiratory disorders, and intestinal problems. Teen’s moms also are more likely to smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol, or take drugs during pregnancy, which can cause numerous health problems for the baby. A teratogen is an agent, which can cause a birth defect; it could be a prescribed medication, a street drug. Generally these abnormalities occur in the third to eighth weeks of pregnancy, when the major organs are forming. Examples of teratogens include certain chemicals, medications, and infections or other diseases in the mother. Children born to teenage mothers are more likely to experience social, emotional, and other problems. These problems may include the following: ...
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...University of Phoenix Material Foundations of Human Development Worksheet Write the key features, listed below, into the correct life stage of development and most significantly affected age range. In your own words, provide an explanation of the term and how it affects the developmental stage. An example is provided for reference. For the purposes of this assignment, field marked “N/A” do not need to be completed. |Teratogens |In-Vitro Fertilization |Zygote | |Attachment |Conservation |Positive Reinforcement | |ADHD |Self-Concept |Sensorimotor Period | |Temperament |Refined motor skills |Mobility | |Preoperational Thought Period | | | | |Biological |Psychological or Cognitive |Social | | |Development...
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...Name: Instructor: Course No: Date: Child Development _ Article Review According to Krapp and Wilson, 2006, Prenatal Development: The Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health: Infancy through Adolescence, Vol. 3., Prenatal Development is the process by which a child develops and grows after conception from one cell to an embryo and proceeds to form a baby. On the other hand, different authors, Moore and Schneider, 2006 expand these processes and describe the three stage sin detail; preimplantation which is also the germinal stage, the embryonic and the fetal stages. Preimplantation takes place within seven days preceding a two months period where organogenesis takes place in the embryonic stage. The fetal state takes much longer as it goes on for about thirty eight weeks and here there are several processes that take place i.e. growth, tissue differentiation and functional maturity. Using these two articles to review my literature for a study concerning Child development provides two unique perspectives to my topic (Moore & Schneider, 2006). One set of authors; Krapp and Wilson take on the growth processes of a fetus while giving a week by week description of the development. Moore and Schneider take a different approach providing the effect of toxic substances to the growth stages of a fetus. They provide a clear and diverse comparison to the elements of my study. However, considering the literature of statistics in both articles, they illustrate the discourse...
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...Make sure to eat well and healthy. Many soon to be mothers do not take into consideration their diets and how much of an impact it will have on your baby. The rights foods and increase the development of your fetus, as the wrong ones or lack of nutrients will danger your baby. Alcoholism’s Don’ts: You are strongly urged to avoid the consumption of alcohol, not only because it’s frowned upon by society, but it can cause major damage to your unborn child. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is the result of alcoholism during pregnancy. Your baby can be born with birth defects including abnormalities, halted growth, and retardation. Avoid Teratogens: Teratogens are considered to be “substances such as drugs and pollutants and conditions such as malnutrition and extreme stress”. (Berger, 2010) They increase the risk of prenatal abnormalities. Teratogens include viruses, chemicals, and drugs. They can also be found in household products and cleaners, and with that being said, always read the labeling and avoid inhaling miscellaneous substances. These three activities are the most important of them all, you must keep yourself updated and...
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...P R E N A T A L C A R E P S Y C H O L O G Y / 205 P R O F. K R I S T I N – S C O T T- G R O V E S R O N S A E L. M A S O N During pregnancy it is very important to pay close attention to what you intake. Especially thing’s like teratogens “ harmful agent’s such as viruses and drug’s” in which the placenta will not be able to stop from harming the baby. Drinking during pregnancy is associated with a variety of problems in the offspring. “Alcohol enters the fetal bloodstream in approximately the same concentrations present in the mother’s blood.” I’ve read that the child could one day become addicted to alcohol because of the mother introducing it to the child as a fetus. I’ve also learned that “1 in 800 infants are affected by Fetal Alcohol Syndrome” , (FAS) . “FAS can cause birth defects and mental retardation. It can cause “ (Placeholder1)head and lifelong brain abnormalities ”. Another harmful substance that would be considered a teratogen is nicotine. Smoking during pregnancy I s hazardous! It has been linked to some 115,000 miscarriages and 5,600 infant deaths a year as well as to atopic pregnancy. I’ve learned the babies born by mothers who smoke cigarettes aren’t as healthy, they don’t receive as much nutrients, less blood oxygen, and could be born under weight. Also I believe that smoking moms are more likely to suffer from apnea (breathing lapses) and are twice as likely to die of SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome). Also there was a study that...
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...HUMAN DEVELOPMENT * Exploring Human Development * Nature or Nurture? * John Locke – thought of new born as a blank slate, believed that experiences provided by environment during childhood have a profound and permanent effect. * Jean-Jacques Rousseau – believed children are capable of discovering how the world operates and how they should behave without instruction from adults. * Arnold Gesell – found that motor skills developed in sequence of stages, the order of the stages and the age at which they develop are determined by nature and relatively unaffected by nurture (apart from extreme circumstances). Maturation: natural growth/change that unfolds in a fixed sequence relatively independent of the environment. * John B Watson – founder of the behaviours approach to psychology. Claimed the environment not nature moulds/shapes development. * Jean Piaget – suggested nature and nurture work together and influences are inseparable and interactive. * Nature/Nurture operate together to make all people similar in some respects. Eg; achieving milestones of physical development in the same order at roughly the same rate. * Nature/Nurture operate to make each person unique. Nature of inherited genes and the nurture of widely different family/cultural environments produce differences among individuals. Eg; intelligence, language skills and personality. * Hereditary creates predispositions that interact...
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...cellular, and genetic processes that is necessary for normal development. Toxic insults to the conceptus are thought more likely to be lethal during the preimplantation and embryonic periods than the fetal period. The timing of an exposure or event has a dramatic influence on the developmental effects that will likely result. For example, alterations of hormones such as prostaglandins and the progesterone-estrogen balance can prevent implantation, resulting in embryonic death. During organogenesis, when the molecular, cellular, and morphological structural organization of tissues and organs takes place, the embryo is considered to be most susceptible to structural defects. Animal experiments show that the exact timing of exposure to a teratogen affects the pattern of structural malformations. However, malformations usually occur in more than one organ system because of overlap in the sensitive period of development of different systems. Functional effects and growth retardation, rather than malformations, are considered to be the most likely outcomes of toxic exposures during the fetal period. However, there are exceptions to these generalizations. For example, skeletal abnormalities in mice can be induced...
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...Prenatal Development Name: Institution Affiliation: Introduction Prenatal development alludes to an arrangement of development stages that starts from the fertilization of an egg by a sperm cell to the onset of conception procedure. It starts with the development of the zygote to the development of the baby. It includes three noteworthy stages to be specific, germinal stage, the fetal stage and embryonic stage. The developmental stages occur part of the way in the fallopian tube and the uterus. It typically takes a period of nine months in person yet changes starting with one types of creature then onto the next. The pre-implantation period, in the middle of fertilization together with implantation of the conceptus in the uterine divider, takes a normal of 7 days. The embryonic period is the real period of organogenesis, enduring around two months from conception. Amid the fetal period, enduring until around 38 weeks after conception, development, practical development, and further separation of tissues happen. Body There are a few standards of prenatal development which fundamentally controls the entire procedure. These standards are as per the following. Development happens in the head to toe course otherwise called cephalocaudal. That is the head creates first before the toes consequently the head and parts of the furthest point are constantly more created than the lower appendage at any specific time amid development. The essential...
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...* ------------------------------------------------- 6. The 3 main types of prenatal development are the zygote, embryo, and fetus. The zygote is the fertilized egg in the womb; it lasts for 2 weeks and begins when the sperm first fertilizes the egg. Soon afterwards, the zygote becomes an embryo. During the embryo stage, the actual human organism is mad and this lasts from the 2nd week to the 2nd month. During the fetus stage, the organism is in its developmental stage. This begins after 9 weeks of pregnancy. A teratogen is an agent that can cause harm to the womb ex. If a pregnant woman is drinking a lot of alcohol, she can harm the fetus because alcohol is a teratogen and she could potentially cause fetal alcohol syndrome. 7. The brain capacity of newborn babies is a lot smaller than that of an older person. That’s why we don’t remember most of our infancy. Once we are born we start to make a neural network that allows us to complete basic functions, like talk, remember, etc. The habituation for the infant cognition is a very simple way of learning. When the babies are exposed to something multiple times, they lose fascination in it. 8. Piaget developed 4 stages of cognitive development that show how humans develop mentally. Stage 1 is the sensorimotor stage. This is the stage that occurs from 0 to 2 years and this is when we start to interact with our senses. The 2nd stage, Preoperational, 2-7 years old, is when language begins but isn’t completely understood and is...
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