...first published in French in 1974, and later translated to English by Donald Nicholson-Smith in 1991. Lefebvre has carefully entwined a main theme within the pages of The Production of Space; he argues that space is a socially constructed phenomenon, which alters viewpoints and behaviors within it. This report will deal more specifically with Lefebvre’s views on social space and contradictory space; and the direct relationship the human has with the space they exist in. Lefebvre has written an astonishing amount of books on the importance of space and has been a large contributor to the mapping of modernity, which makes this book, and Henri Lefebvre, an integral part of studying space and its history. The Production of Space deals primarily with the social constructs of space and the complexities that come from within. Lefebvre covers a lot of ground within this book, and a lot of deep theories are strewn across the pages. However, he has one clear theme that lingers throughout. This theme deals with the fact that all spaces are produced in one way or another; they do not simply exist, they were achieved. One of the main highlights he touches on frequently is the divide between natural space and social space, and clearly shows the differences. Along with this, Lefebvre writes about many other intrinsic areas of space and how it is produced. Some of these complex areas include how spaces are read and experienced, how spaces are represented and misrepresented and he often touches...
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...the children I have observed and the area of development I decided to focus on. Instead of only choosing one child to observe, I was lucky enough to know someone that has three children of all the same age to observe. At the age of 14, my good friend Shelby Nastase became a proud sister of triplet brothers, two of the boys are identical, Jake and Andrew, and one is fraternal, Alec. The boys are now at the age of six, each with their own vibrant personalities. Although all boys look very much alike, especially the twins, each has their own mind and personality that would defiantly make them their own individual. During my observations, I quickly decided that my point of interest in writing this paper would be to focus on the social behaviors between all three of the children. I not only decided on observing how the siblings interact with each other, but I also decided it would be a good idea to see how they interacted with other children their own age. I also decided that when I observed the siblings when they were...
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...technologies for health, wellbeing and productivity at work” recognize the advantages communication technology have brought to the world, but also question if the advantages are not also consequences that have a negative effect. The authors reviewed and analyzed the findings of numerous independent and symptomatic studies in an attempt to discover if the impact of communication technology has had an effect on the rising stress levels in the workplace. Stress levels are of particular interest due to the increasing compensation costs of stress-related workplace injury. In review of the studies, the authors were able to associate workplace stress to factors that would be considered obvious, such as the organization’s management practices, social interaction, and excessive workload. The authors were also able to show a potential...
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...Original Article Rationality, norms and identity in international relations Ji Young Choi Department of Politics & Government, Ohio Wesleyan University, Elliott Hall 204, Delaware, OH 43015, USA. E-mail: jychoi@owu.edu Abstract This article examines major debates between rationalism and constructivism. It presents that there are politically significant motives of social actions, including norms and identity, which cannot be completely subsumed by the concept of instrumental rationality. These ideational or social-psychological motivations are governed primarily by thymos or affect (the moral or emotional part of the human personality) and/or valueoriented rationality. We need more flexible assumptions about main actors and their motives than those of rationalism to explain appropriately the politics of anger, loyalty and a sense of justice at international levels. However, constructivism’s emphasis on ideational motivations cannot totally replace rationalism in explaining international political life. Constructivism maintains that identity or norms are causally prior to actors’ interests. Yet when there is conflict between pursuit of interests and maintenance of identity or norms, actors’ strong and well-defined self-interests can overrule their contested or unstable identity or norms. In short, causal arrows can flow in either direction between identity or norms and interests. This implies that rationalism and constructivism are complementary rather than competitive...
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...Play is “a medium for change and a means to foster and enhance language, cognitive, social, and emotional development” (Ivory and McCollum, 1999, p.238). Undertaking the literature review on play made me realize how important and underused play is when working towards improving developmental domains for children with exceptionalities and when promoting learning. The first main finding that stood out to me was that children with exceptionalities display delays in play development (Lifter, Mason and Barton, 2011; Messier, Ferland and Mainimer, 2007; Bray and Cooper, 2007; Hine and Wolery, 2006; and Pierce-Jordan and Lifter, 2005). This is useful information if we want to foster meaningful interactions between children with and without exceptionalities in the inclusive classroom. If some children are using more complex play skills, children with exceptionalities may not be able to keep up if they are unable to play at the same level. This could result in a decrease in the amount of social interaction that takes place between children and to some extent exceptional children may become alienated within the classroom. Exceptional children who are physically present in the classroom but do not belong (their presence isn’t valued) are known as squatters (Kliewer, 1998). In an inclusive classroom all students should be full citizens; Rapp and Arndt (2012) discuss the importance of this. Kliewer (1998) outlines four principles of citizenship: believing in one’s own ability to think...
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...Case Study: Absence of Parents and its Effect on Families Eric Anderson New Mexico State University This case will shed light on the challenges of substance abuse and family that is affected while a head family member is dealing with the corrections system. This case also shows the challenges faced by such a family as they struggle to keep their well-being when the provider is away, and the important role resiliency plays in the families ability to survive, and the why the family is affected just as much, if not more, by the absence of the provider. On January 24, 2014, I was able to interview the Smiths family for the purpose of including the results in a case study needed for my CJ 300 class. Andrew Smith is the father that has been taken away from his family for over a year because of a DWI that he received in 2013. Left outside of the system is his wife Angela Smith, Tyler Smith, 12, and his brother Paul Smith, 14. Last year Andrew was caught for a DWI and incarcerated as it was his 5th DWI offense. He has been in and out of jail for DWI and this has caused much financial strain on the family as DWI’s are hard on a low income family. Alcoholism has run in Andrew’s side of the family and his father even died from complications of being a long time alcoholic. The two boys are enrolled in school and Angela is working two minimum wage jobs to keep the family going financially. The boy’s friend’s parents must take the boys to and from school and they are left at home unsupervised...
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...“A Rose for Emily”- An Invisible Rose “A Rose for Emily”, one of the short fictions written under thoughts of a southern writer, William Faulkner, tells about life-style, characteristics and social behavior in the Southern of America. The author portrays the realistic life of an isolated woman, Miss Emily, in both mental and physical aspects. She is characterized as a complicated one that has serious mental illness. Through Miss Emily, a fictional woman, readers can feel what had driven her to become abnormal like that. First, Miss Emily was influenced so deeply from her father, a strict and selfish man, so that she could not decide anything. This is one of the main reasons that direct Emily to an odd personality in her life. During her childhood, she was isolated from society and had a very limit connection with other people. She totally depended on her father, Mr. Griersons, and became a copy of that man. For example, he refused to pay taxes when he was alive, and then after he died, ten years later, she also did the same way. She had no rights to choose what she wanted because of the selfish father who always controlled everything, “… we did not say she was crazy then. We believed she had to do that”. Perhaps Mr. Griersons loved Emily with all his heart and did not want anything wrong happened to her, so he accidently became a selfish father. He always tried to keep her in best conditions, but the more he did that, the more her mental sickness developed silently. Second...
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...with severe negative consequences for the addict and those close to them. There is currently a distinction in research between chemical based addictions (i.e. the use or abuse of a substance) and behavioural addictions, also called impulse control disorders, although their underying aspects are almost identical. Chemical addictions have been researched for longer and more is known about them. The abuse of substance(s) can disrupt an otherwise healthy life and cause severe physical damage and in many cases leads to an early death due to physical damage sustained from the substance. Non-chemical addictions, also called behavioural addictions such as pathological gambling often result in severe financial hardship, damage to long fostered social relationships, including family. and can involve criminal prosecutions, as can chemical addictions. Although I have used the term addiction in this website, its use is contentious in professional and academic communication as its meaning often differs across contexts and can be imprecise. Instead, terms such as 'pathological gambling' or 'substance abuse' are used in the diagnosis of addiction related diseases. Video Game Addiction Researchers have explored the notion of video game addiction since the mid eighties, however the research on the topic is disparate and preliminary. Research is accelerating now. Due to the abovementioned shortfalls of the term 'addiction', the phenomnon has also been...
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...Conceptual Foundations of Social Psychology Conceptual Foundations of Social Psychology Often one hears the question, what is wrong with the people in the world today? This question could be asked after watching a news story about a mother murdering her children, gangs terrorizing neighborhoods, terroristic acts committed against large community locations, and riots after a soccer game, or even hate crimes committed due to discrimination. Each of these subjects always brings up questions about why acts such as these occur. Social Psychology can attempt to answer some of these questions. In effect, social psychology seeks to answer many questions. Social Psychology is very different in that this field tries to understand all characteristics of social behavior and the significance on the individual both positive and negative. Some research would suggest that anyone might act in a similar fashion as the person who commits a terrorist act, or the mother who murders her children if he or she were in the same situation and that the behavior has little to do with the character of that person. This concept is situationism and while it does appear extreme, situationism plays a role in social psychology. In the following pages, what situationism is and how it pertains to social psychology is addressed. In addition, a definition of what social psychology is as well as the main characteristics of it. Last, an explanation of the five core social motives is offered and how they too...
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...collected from different sources. These related literature and studies cover the topics such as personality, behavior, social learning, and mental health. A. Foreign Literature Humanistic Psychology According to Crooks and Stein (1988), humanistic psychology differs from both the psychoanalytic approach and behaviorism in that it does not view humans as being controlled by either event in the environment or by internal, irrational, and unconscious forces. Humanist psychologists, most notably Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) and Carl Rogers (1902-1987), de-emphasize the influence of both stimulus-response events and unconscious processes in determining human behavior. Instead, they emphasize the role of free chance and our ability to make conscious rational choices about how we live our lives. Humanists also believe that people have a natural inclination to strive to fulfill their potential, a process called self-actualization. Although many of humanism’s major tenets are just as difficult to rest objectively as are the concepts of psychoanalysis, many psychologists respond favorably to this movement’s optimism. Humanism has increased psychologists’ awareness of the importance of such things as love, feeling needed, personal fulfillment and self-esteem. Behavior Brady, et. al. (1963) said that behavior about past performances is verbal responses which are based on past behavior. The discriminative stimulus is an item of the individual’s past performance, and verbal response is reinforced...
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...QUALITY OF Online Social Relationships ONLINE RELATIONSHIPS ARE LESS VALUABLE THAN OFFLINE ONES. INDEED, THEIR NET BENEFIT DEPENDS ON WHETHER THEY SUPPLEMENT OR SUBSTITUTE FOR OFFLINE SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS. { By Jonathon N. Cummings, Brian Butler, and Robert Kraut} eople use the Internet intensely tor interpersonal commimication, sending und receiving email, contacting friends and family via instant messaging services, visiting chat rooms, or subscribing to distribution lists, among other activities. The evidence is clear that interpersonal communication is an important use of the Internet, if not its most important use. For example, both selt-report surveys 112] and computer monitoring studies [5] indicate that email is the most popular online application. Claims regarding the Internets usefulness for developing social relationships, however, remain controversial. Both personal testimonials (for example, []()]) and systematically collected data document the deep and meaningful social relationships people can cultivate online (for example, |8]). This evidence, however, conflicts with data comparing the value that people place on their online relationships with offline relationships and with data comparing social relationships among heavy and light Internet users. For example. Parks and Roberts [9] surveyed users of multiplayer environments called MOOs. Ninety-three percent of the users had made friends online, but when asked to compare their ...
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...Critical Perspectives on Accounting (1996) 7 , 409 – 435 RECONSIDERING THE ‘‘SOCIAL’’ IN POSITIVE ACCOUNTING THEORY: THE CASE OF SITE RESTORATION COSTS DEAN NEU AND CYNTHIA SIMMONS University of Calgary This paper seeks to challenge the hegemony of positive accounting theory explanations of managerial behaviour. We argue that the decontextualized perspective of positive accounting theory is limiting and that changing the perspective offers a more complete explanation of behaviour. Starting from the notion of social relations developed by Marx, we reinterpret positive theory variables as proxies for a subset of the social relations in which managers are embedded. From this perspective, a more inclusive explanation of behaviour can be obtained by considering the entire web of social relations that influence behaviour. To demonstrate the ‘‘cash value’’ of a social relations perspective, accounting for site restoration costs is used as an illustration. The results are consistent with a broad social relations perspective. ÷ 1996 Academic Press Limited Introduction ‘‘[I]t is clear there is a relation between firm’s accounting choice and other firm variables, such as leverage and size and the signs of the relations are mostly consistent across studies. Positive accounting research guided the search for empirical regularities and provided explanations for them. To date, there are no systematic alternative sets of explanations for those regularities articulated and tested...
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...CHAPTER 4 Promoting Children’s School-Readiness Growth with Academic, Persistence, Social and Emotion Coaching I n the first chapters we have talked about the importance of teachers nurturing their students’ social and emotional growth by promoting positive relationships with their students and their families and by scaffolding a safe classroom learning environment by setting up predictable routines, clear rules, and effective limit setting. These are core teaching strategies that provide the foundation of the teaching pyramid described in Chapter One that supports early school age children’s learning growth and eventual academic achievement. Incredible Teachers: Nurturing Children's Social, Emotional, and Academic Competence. (Excerpt.) ©Carolyn Webster-Stratton 134 Incredible Teachers In this chapter we will discuss another foundational teaching tool; that is, scaffolding children’s learning interactions with peers and teachers with coaching methods that support their school readiness growth, academic success, and social emotional development. This coaching involves using descriptive comments to highlight specific learning skills such as persistence with learning something new, focused activity, cooperation, emotion regulation, and patience. This approach addresses the social, cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and academic elements of children’s school readiness. School readiness implies that students have made significant progress toward...
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...Boundaries Issues Ashley Decamp, Christina Karsen, Jose Cevallos, Katy Norris, Samantha Cruse, Monica Green BSHS 335 February 23, 2015 Mary Ann Little Boundaries Issues Human service professionals are taught to understand their client’s as well as the role they play in their life professionally. The most important part of that is understanding that it is a professional relationship and should be nothing more than that. Boundaries are put in place in many different parts of a person’s life to help them understand what they are to do and where they are to avoid. This is also something that is implemented with human service professionals. They are taught boundaries for themselves and given the tools to help their clients’ understand what their boundaries are. It is done so that the clients’ can receive the best possible help there is for them. The following is going to explore different boundaries and relationships between a client and the professional, what to avoid, and the best possible solutions if a boundary is compromised. Below is some examples of human services professionals, and clients experiencing the issues with boundaries. A caseworker for DHS-Child Welfare, receives an anonymous report, that a young child has been physically abused. After interviewing the child and reviewing family information, the caseworker realizes that this is the son of another women she attends a local Mom’s group with. The mother has spent time during recent group meetings...
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...underlie any business transaction” (Di Frances, 2005, para. 2). Capital Mortgage Insurance Corporation (CMI) was acquired by Northwest Equipment Corporation in 1978 and was a wholly owned subsidiary (Lewicki, Saunders, & Barry, 2005). Northwest Equipment Corporation acquired CMI when the parent company went into Chapter 11 bankruptcy. The company was developed to work with residential mortgage lenders in selling mortgage guaranty insurance policies throughout the United States. The following paper will briefly describe the case at hand, what role social context will play in the negotiation process, and how the social relationship that Burr, Lehman, and Kupchak will affect the negotiation. The paper will end by describing the tangible and intangible benefits, cost, and risks associated with negotiating Corporate Transfer Services (CTS). Analyzing the case of Capital Mortgage Corporation will allow a reader to define how social relationships affect negotiations, and define the benefits, costs, and risks of the negotiation process. Case Summary CMI has an interest in broadening its financial services to strengthen the company. CMI primary goal is to be the leader in the financial services industry. CMI will have to stand against the current industry leader, Merrill Lynch, to take a large share of the market. CMI must acquireCTS at a reasonable price to achieve this goal. CMI second goal is to keep the CTS key staff and maintain a good working relationship with the current...
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