1) Formative Assessment:
Assessment that provides feedback that can be used by both teachers and students to improve on their teaching and learning during learning process. This helps both teachers and students to identify areas of weakness that need to be work on. (Black and Williams, 1998)
2) Summative Assessment:
It is the process of evaluating the learning of students and summarizes their learning development at a particular time. It is cumulative in nature, concentrates on learner outcomes and is usually implemented to enable administrative decisions to be made. (Griffin and Nix, 1991)
3) High-stakes testing:
It is a type of test by which the results will cause life affecting consequences that will affect the educational future of the test takers. Such tests are used in assessing performances and in deciding whether targets have been achieved. (Stobart and Eggen, 2012)

4) Diagnostic:
Assessment used before instruction to recognise specific learning difficulties of students and to find out where they are academically. This provides educators with information about each student’s weaknesses and strengths so that lesson can be develop to meet students’ needs. (The Highland Council, 2010, Griffin and Nix, 1991)
5) Authentic:
Assessments that require students to apply essential knowledge and skills effectively and creatively to perform tasks that are replicas of those faced in real world. This helps students to acquire skills that are useful in the real world. (Mueller, 2012, Wiggins, 1993)
6) Rubrics:
It is a scoring tool that uses a set of criteria and standards to assess students’ work. It gives guidelines to distinguish the level of quality between products or performances. It helps to ensure the fairness of the grading process. (Andrade, 2001, Gullo, 2005)
7) Formal Assessment:
Formal assessment usually implies a test or structured