Test 2

1. Cell Body: (Or soma) is a relatively large, egg-shaped structure that provides fuel, manufactures chemicals, & maintains the entire neuron in working order.
Dendrites: Branchlike extensions that arise from the cell body; they receive signals from other neurons, muscles, or sense organs & pass these signals to the cell body.
Axon : A single threadlike structure that extends from, & carries signals away from, the cell body to neighboring neurons, organs, or muscles.
Myelin Sheath: Looks like separate tube like segments composed of fatty material that wraps around & insulates an axon. Prevents interference from electrical signals generated in adjacent axons.
End Bulbs or Terminal Bulbs: Look like tiny bubbles that are located at the extreme ends of the axon's branches. Each one is like a miniature container that stores chemicals called neurotransmitters, which are used to communicate with neighboring cells.
Synapse: An infinitely small space (20-30 billionths of a meter) that exists between an end bulb & its adjacent body organ (heart), muscles (head), or cell body.
2. The central nervous system: Made up of neurons located in the brain & spinal cord.
3. Differences between neurons and nerves affect recovery, One reason neurons have only a limited capacity to be repaired or rewired after damage is that there is a genetic program that turns off regrowth when neurons become fully grown by causing problem with motor coordination, strength and sensation. Recent advances in stem cell research suggest the human brain may be able to grow more neurons. If this were possible, the brain could repair damage caused by an accident or disease, such as Alzheimer’s
4. A Phantom Limb is the sensation that an amputated or missing limb (even an organ, like the appendix) is still attached to the body and is moving appropriately with other body parts
5. Parkinson’s