...Jim Bowie James “Jim” Bowie was a real life Jack of all trades. He was a pioneer, soldier, a smuggler, slave trader, and a notorious land speculator. Most importantly, he was an prime figure in the Texas Revolution in his defending of the Alamo. Many stories have been told about Bowie, some true and some slightly stretched, but it is these stories that have made in such a legend in Texas and a hero to American history. Jim Bowie was born in Kentucky on March 10, 1796. He was the ninth of ten children that were born to his mother and father. From a very young age, his family moved several times, usually far distances from each place preceding the next. They finally settled in Louisiana, where Jim spent most of his following years. The Bowies all learned how to fish, plant crops, and run a plantation, the good qualities of frontiersmen. This is also when Jim became very skilled with weapons of all sorts. Their parents were very adamant about giving their children a good education as well. All of the Bowie children could read and write. Yet, Jim could read, write, and fluently speak both Spanish and French. In 1814, Bowie and his brother Rezin enlisted in the Louisiana militia in accordance to President Jackson’s pleading for more fighters to participate in the War of 1812. By the time the Bowie brother reached New Orleans, it was too late to join in on any of the fighting. That December a treaty was signed and the war was over. After finishing his short service in the...
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...Historical Timeline and Essay Michael Meisenheimer AAGN10AA62 December 11, 2011 Kelly Cantrell Historical Timeline and Essay Timeline 1793 Eli Whitney Invents the Modern Cotton Gin Slavery was becoming less and less profitable in the South prior to 1793. One reason was because cotton was not a profitable crop for farmers because preparing it for sale was so labor intensive. Eli Whitney's cotton gin turned cotton into a profitable crop and raised the demand of slaves in the South to grow it. This coincided with the North becoming a more industrialized region that didn't need to depend on slaves. 1819 Missouri Compromise The Missouri Compromise was brokered by Senator Henry Clay to settle the dispute between the North and the South about if the Western territories would be slave or free. Under the terms of the Compromise, slavery would only be allowed in Missouri and south of the 36th parallel. The need for the Missouri Compromise illustrates how the North and the South were beginning to hold very different views on how allowable slavery was to the nation. Bitter feelings about the compromise persisted in both the North and the South. 1828 The Nullification Crisis The Nullification Crisis grew out of a protective tariff of 1828. The tariff was popular with the Northern states, because it provided protection for American made goods. Southern states traded heavily with Great Britain during this time, and felt it would damage their economies. With the support...
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...railway tracks and allowed the country to grow. This growth provided jobs for the working class, the ability to move the goods produced to the marketplaces, and moved the people for the expansion to the west. The early production of steel was costly and time consuming. In England, Henry Bessemer developed an inexpensive way to mass produce steel. The key principle behind his patent was to remove the impurities from the iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron. The iron heated up with the oxidation and kept it in a molten state. This new process changed the manufacturing of a rail that took two weeks to produce down to 15 minutes. Andrew Carnegie brought this process back to the United States. Carnegie saw all of the possible uses of this mass produced steel but before he could realize the materials potential he had to convince the public of its strength. He was charged with building the first permanent bridge to cross the Mississippi River by Tom Scott. Building the bridge utilizing this new processing of steel was what he needed. The bridge took four years to build and had many cost overruns. When it was finally completed no one would use his bridge because they were afraid of it collapsing. He had to come up with a way of convincing people it was strong and safe. He read that an elephant would not cross a structure that was not stable. He used this as a marketing stunt by setting up a parade to cross the bridge led by an elephant on...
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...50th Anniversary Edition I, Pencil My Family Tree as Told to Leonard E. Read FOUNDATION FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION 30 South Broadway Irvington-on-Hudson New York 10533 1-800-960-4FEE • 914-591-7230 www.fee.org “I, Pencil” is a superb case study of free markets in action. Half of the world’s economic problems would vanish if everyone would read “I, Pencil.” Burton W. Folsom, Jr. Professor of History Hillsdale College b There is no better, more easily understood, and more fun explanation of the complexity of markets than Leonard Read’s “I, Pencil.” It ought to give considerable pause when we listen to the arrogance of politicians who tell us they can manage an economy better than millions, perhaps billions, of independent decision makers in pursuit of their own personal goals. Its message to would-be planners is to bug out! Walter E. Williams John M. Olin Distinguished Professor of Economics George Mason University b The most valuable truths about economics and liberty can be found in a lowly lead pencil. When my children are old enough, I will read them a classic little essay by the late philosopher Leonard E. Read that turns a mundane writing instrument into an elementary lesson about free-market capitalism. Michelle Malkin Syndicated columnist b I, Pencil My Family Tree as Told to Leonard E. Read Introduction by Lawrence W. Reed Afterword by Milton Friedman This edition of “I, Pencil” is dedicated to our late esteemed colleague, Beth A. Hoffman,...
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...ANTEBELLUM TEXAS. In the drama of Texas history the period of early statehood, from 1846 to 1861, appears largely as an interlude between two great adventures-the Republic of Texas and the Civil War.qqv These fifteen years did indeed lack the excitement and romance of the experiment in nationhood and the "Lost Cause" of the Confederacy. Events and developments during the period, however, were critical in shaping the Lone Star State as part of the antebellum South. By 1861 Texas was so like the other Southern states economically, socially, and politically that it joined them in secessionqv and war. Antebellum Texans cast their lot with the Old South and in the process gave their state an indelibly Southern heritage. When President Anson Jonesqv lowered the flag of the republic for the last time in February 1846, the framework for the development of Texas over the next fifteen years was already constructed. The great majority of the new state's approximately 100,000 white inhabitants were natives of the South, who, as they settled in the eastern timberlands and south central plains, had built a life as similar as possible to that experienced in their home states. Their economy, dependent on agriculture, was concentrated first on subsistence farming and herding and then on production of cotton as a cash crop. This meant the introduction of what southerners called their "Peculiar Institution"-slavery.qv In 1846 Texas had more than 30,000 black slaves and produced an even larger number...
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...Printing Press The Ancient Catalyst of Culture DeVry University Humanities 303 Printing Press, the Ancient Catalyst of Culture How did we get to the latest art form of printing, the wireless printer? Through years of evolutional design and determination, this technology was possible. The printing press allowed people to learn different styles of the art of printing, education, arts, literature, and cultural differences quicker, and learning was more widespread, in addition; it provided the world with the most efficient means of communication of the written word through mass production. I will show how the decision of humankind to advance the printing presses worthiness did advance literacy in many cultures. Through the printing presses, humble beginnings of block printing to the latest technological advancements, the printing press has continued to evolve in one form or other. The printing presses evolution would not be complete without some prior knowledge of how it all began; therefore, a little history is necessary to fully understand the evolutional picture of communicational needs and the printing press. In ancient times before the beginning of a written dialogue, when reading and writing was nonexistent, communication was nothing more than some obscured hand drawings on clay tablets or cave walls. Communication was limited to the imagination of the ancient artist who wanted to explain life’s surrounding and how to survive. The validation of communications in religion...
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...Susan Edson 1 THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Escrito por: Susan Edson Dirigido por: D. Juan Carlos Palmer Trabajo presentado para la obtención del Titulo Universitario Senior Universitat Jaume I Castellón, mayo 2005 2 Indice: I. General Concept………………………………..…… 4 1. First industrial revolution 2. Second industrial revolution 3. Modernization II. Europe……………………………………………….. 9 1. England 2. Scotland 3. Rest of Europe III. U.S.A………………………………………………... 17 1. The growth of U.S. industry. 2.Organization of industrial relations. 3.Agriculture. IV. Developments and innovations……………………… 24 1. Colonialism 2. Apprenticeship 3. Science and technology 4. Machine tools 5. Textiles 6. Steam engines 7. Locomotives and Steamboats 8. The Electric Telegraph 9. Architecture 10. Rubber 11. Lighting 12. Time V. Conclusions………………………………………... 42 VI. Bibliography………………………………………… 44 3 I. General Concept 1. The First Industrial Revolution Between 1760 and 1830 the Industrial Revolution was mainly confined to Britain. Being aware of its head start on other countries, Britain forbade the export of machinery, skilled workers and manufacturing techniques. This could not last, as many Britons saw profitable industrial opportunities abroad and continental European businessmen were keen to lure British know-how to their countries. Belgium became the first country in continental Europe to be transformed economically, having machine shops ...
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...Is Childhood Disappearing? 2012 Brendan Dolman Sociology, Unit 3 5/1/2012 Abstract This is a report to look at the social construct of Childhood and whether it is disappearing. This report explores the history of childhood and current socio cultural influences on modern day childhood. Is Childhood disappearing? Introduction I am interested in this subject area because childhood is a social construct which seems to be diminishing from society. This is of particular interest to me because childhood as we know it has only been about for the last century but now it seems that it is once again diminishing from society. I say this because when looking at childhood from 50 years ago and comparing it to childhood today there is a huge difference. Today toys seem to be targeted at children of ages 1-10 years old but not for children above that age (Manhattan Institute for Policy Research). Children seem to be pushed into the spotlight of adult activities such as the fashion and glamour world in the case of beauty pageants (Daily Mail Online 2011). There also seems to be more of a focus on older children playing on computer consoles with violent games which depict realistic and gruesome actions. These computer games also depict real life situations such as the war in Afghanistan and give these older children the opportunity to play as a soldier in this scenario. Content What is childhood? Childhood is not to be confused with being a child, it is a completely different...
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...Introduction to the industry Metals have accompanied mankind since ancient ages, and steel, if we begin to follow it from the moment of its historically famed damascene form - for some millennia. From the era of craftsman-like small-scale production to today's form of industrial mass production, steel has covered an intricate path lined with significant innovations in production processes, development of range and quality of products, and perpetually growing productivity of labour, improving economies and ecological load. In addition, a radical change in relationship to the customers is occuring at the end of this century, namely by a pronounced shift of readiness towards the needs and requirements of these customers. Steel's indisputable significance is confirmed by the fact that it has become the second most mass-produced commodity after cement production, attaining the world-wide production volume of approx. 750 mil tons yearly. The art of iron production from ore arose in connection with the practices of copper and lead technologies in Anatolya, in northern Syria and possibly also in part of Iran. Iron ores were added as fluxes for treatment of sulphide copper ores. Iron drops, which the local manufacturers identified already 3000 years BC, comparing these with meteoritic iron, already hinted at the existence of the possibility of producing iron, but this only occurred practically 15 centuries later. Since that time, it is necessary to reckon that only small amounts of this...
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...CHAPTER 1 Encounter I. Patterns of Indigenous Life 1. Geography and environment prompted Indigenous Americans to adopt different forms of social organization 1. Nonsedentary peoples 1. Mobile communities 2. Hunters and gatherers 3. Relatively simple social organization 4. Examples include 1. Chichimecas of northern Mexico 2. Pampas of Argentine grasslands 1. Semisedentary peoples 1. Often lived in forests 2. Relied on some agriculture as well as hunting 3. Built villages, but moved frequently 4. Employed “shifting cultivation” agriculture to take advantage of thin forest soil 5. Examples include Tupí people of Brazil 1. Fully sedentary 1. Permanent settlements 2. Often on high plateaus, rather than forests or grasslands 3. Stability allowed for complex societies 4. Employed irrigation to sustain agricultural base 5. Sometimes developed into city-states or empires 6. Highly stratified societies 7. Examples 1. Aztec empire 2. Maya empire 3. Inca empire 1. Empires of the Americas 1. Aztec empire 1. Aztec refers to the empire, not the people 2. In modern-day Mexico 3. Ruled by the Mexica people ...
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...OUTLINE OF U.S. HISTORY OUTLINE OF OUTLINE OF U.S. HISTORY C O N T E N T S CHAPTER 1 Early America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 CHAPTER 2 The Colonial Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 CHAPTER 3 The Road to Independence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 CHAPTER 4 The Formation of a National Government . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 CHAPTER 5 Westward Expansion and Regional Differences . . . . . . . 110 CHAPTER 6 Sectional Conflict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 CHAPTER 7 The Civil War and Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 CHAPTER 8 Growth and Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 CHAPTER 9 Discontent and Reform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 CHAPTER 10 War, Prosperity, and Depression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 CHAPTER 11 The New Deal and World War I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 CHAPTER 12 Postwar America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 CHAPTER 13 Decades of Change: 1960-1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 CHAPTER 14 The New Conservatism and a New World Order . . . . . . 304 CHAPTER 15 Bridge to the 21st Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 PICTURE PROFILES Becoming a Nation . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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...1 Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie CHAPTER I CHAPTER I CHAPTER II CHAPTER II CHAPTER III CHAPTER III CHAPTER IV CHAPTER IV CHAPTER V CHAPTER V CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VIII CHAPTER VIII CHAPTER IX CHAPTER IX CHAPTER X CHAPTER X CHAPTER XI CHAPTER XI CHAPTER XII CHAPTER XII CHAPTER XIII CHAPTER XIII CHAPTER XIV CHAPTER XIV CHAPTER XV Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie 2 CHAPTER XV CHAPTER XVI CHAPTER XVI CHAPTER XVII CHAPTER XVII CHAPTER XVIII CHAPTER XVIII CHAPTER XIX CHAPTER XIX CHAPTER XX CHAPTER XX CHAPTER XXI CHAPTER XXI CHAPTER XXII CHAPTER XXII CHAPTER XXIII CHAPTER XXIII CHAPTER XXIV CHAPTER XXIV CHAPTER XXV CHAPTER XXV CHAPTER XXVI CHAPTER XXVI CHAPTER XXVII CHAPTER XXVII CHAPTER XXVIII CHAPTER XXVIII CHAPTER XXIX CHAPTER XXIX Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie Project Gutenberg's Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie, by Andrew Carnegie This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie Author: Andrew Carnegie Editor: John C. Van Dyke Release Date: March 13, 2006 [EBook #17976] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF ANDREW CARNEGIE Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie ...
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...Women’s Role (1865-Present) Kimberly Burrows HIS 204 Joseph Scahill February 2, 2013 Women’s Role (1865-Present) Throughout history, women have suffered fewer rights then men and are discriminated against because of their gender. Historically, a woman’s main role was to tend to the home isolated in the domestic “bubble” and to raise their children while their husbands were away at work. In this paper, I will describe the historical significance of this issue from 1865 to the present. I will explain the historical developments that presented new opportunities for women in society. I will discuss the main individuals that were involved in these struggles. To conclude, I will analyze ways in which it contributed to an “ending of isolation” while assessing the challenges involved. Even today, women still face discrimination based on their gender. However, the role of women has changed significantly which has created a lasting and ongoing increase of women's rights. The woman’s role presents a historical significance from 1865 to today for many reasons. Prior to the Civil War, women were perceived as the weaker sex and were considered intellectually inferior to men. Their freedom was limited and they had fewer rights than men. Women were expected to marry, care for their home, cook, make clothing and raise their children. According to (Manning, 2005), “Women were viewed as wives and mothers, whose economic rights were mainly to be supported by a male breadwinner and protected...
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...------------------------------------------------- Lincoln 2. Production year: 2012 3. Countries: India, Rest of the world, USA 4. Cert (UK): 12A 5. Runtime: 150 mins 6. Directors: Steven Spielberg 7. Cast: Daniel Day-Lewis, David Strathairn, Hal Holbrook, James Spader, John Hawkes, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Lee Pace, Sally Field, Tommy Lee Jones 8. More on this film Mississippi's tardiness has been put down to an oversight that was only corrected after two academics embarked on research prompted by watching Lincoln, Steven Spielberg's Oscar-nominated film about president Abraham Lincoln's efforts to secure the amendment. Dr Ranjan Batra, a professor in the department of neurobiology and anatomical sciences at the University of Mississippi Medical Center, saw Spielberg's film and wondered about the implementation of the 13th amendment after the Civil War. He discussed the issue with Ken Sullivan, an anatomical material specialist at UMC, who began to research the matter. Sullivan, a longtime resident of the Mississippi, remembered that a 1995 move to ratify the 13th amendment had passed the state Senate and House. He tracked down a copy of the bill and learned that its last paragraph required the secretary of state to send a copy to the office of the...
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...Annual Review 2009 06 Our performance 08 Our market 10 Our strategy bp.com/annualreview Operating at the energy frontiers How a revitalized BP is driving efficiency, momentum and growth Meeting the energy demands of today and tomorrow Oil Natural gas Wind Solar Biofuels Efficiency BP Annual Review 2009 Reconciliation of profit for the year to replacement cost profit The Annual Review for the year ended 31 December 2009 includes the summary financial statement (on pages 1-7 and 10-33), which comprises summaries of the Directors’ Report and the Directors’ Remuneration Report and a summary of the information in the consolidated financial statements. The summary financial statement complies with the information requirements under the Companies (Summary Financial Statement) Regulations 2008. It does not contain sufficient information to allow as full an understanding of the results and the state of affairs of BP and of its policies and arrangements concerning directors’ remuneration as BP Annual Report and Accounts 2009. Shareholders may obtain a copy of BP Annual Report and Accounts 2009 online or on request, free of charge (see page 33). Outside the summarized financial statements (see pages 24-28), references within BP Annual Review 2009 to ‘profits’, ‘result’ and ‘return on average capital employed’ are to those measures on a replacement cost basis unless otherwise indicated. The table below reconciles profit for the year to replacement...
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