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Experiment O-4

Interface

by

DavidTurner

Feburary 18, 2013

Physics II Lab

Objective

Determine the wavelength of a laser beam from the interference pattern produced when passed through a double slit.

Materials

Measuring microscope
Laser double slit
Meter stick
Stand
Clamp

Theory

What are the properties of light? Explain the phenomenon of interface and how interface patterns are formed when light passes through slits

Calculate the wavelength , ,which is given by the equation

ƛ= b * d

D

Experimental Procedure

1. Study the construction and operation of the measuring microscope and learn how to take accurate readings using he venier.

2. Keep the microscope vertical. Place the double slit under the microscope such that the slits are perpendicular to the direction of movement of the microscope. Adjust the focus and the cross line controls to get a sharp view of the slits and the cross lines. Adjust the position of the microscope such that the cross lines coinciding with the edge of a slit

3. Take the reading accurately using the venier (R1). Similarly move the microscope to get the cross line coinciding with the other three edges of the slits and take the readings (R2, R3, R4).

4. Calculate the center distance (b) between the slits from the four readings

5. Repeat steps 2, 3, and 4 and take the average of three consistent values of b

6. Mount the slit vertically on the table and place he laser such that the beam passes through the double slit and form fringes on a screen or a wall. Adjust the distance between the slit and the screen or wall to be as large as possible a least about 2 meters. Measure the exact distance (D).

7. Hold a sheet of paper on the screen or wall and trace the paper he bright fridges. Measure the center to center distance between the fridges and tae he average distance (d).

8. Calculate the wavelength , ,which is given by the equation

ƛ = b * d

D

9. Compare he result with the standard values of 6328A and the calculate % error. If the eror is more than 5%, check for the errors and repeat the experiment.

Data

|Symbol |Value |
|D |4.765m |
|b |.00020m |
|d |.01483m |
|R1 |2.60cm |
|R2 |2.67cm |
|R3 |2.59cm |
|R4 |2.58cm |
|Ravg 1&2 |2.60cm |
|Ravg 3&4 |2.58cm |
|A |6224.55 |

Calculation Example

|ƛ = b * d | |
|D | |
|= .00020 * .01483 | |
|4.765 | |
|= 6.224554X10^-7m | |
|Convert | |
|6224.55 | |
| | |

Error Analysis

% Error = ( Theory – Experiment) x 100 Theory

=(6328-6224.550) x 100

6328

1.6% ERROR

Questions and Answers

1. What are the properties of light?

Reflection, Refraction,
Dispersion and Refractive Indices

2. Explain the phenomenon of interface and how interface patterns are formed when light passes through slits

A coherent light source such as a laser beam illuminates a thin plate pierced by two parallel slits, and the light passing through the slits is observed on a screen behind the plate. The wave nature of light causes the light waves passing through the two slits to interfere, producing bright and dark bands on the screen — a result that would not be expected if light consisted strictly of particles. However, on the screen, the light is always found to be absorbed as though it were composed of discrete particles or photons.

Conclusion

In this experiment the point was to determine the wavelength of a laser beam from the Interference pattern produced when passed through a double slit. The equation for this is

ƛ = b * d

D

The instruments used in the experiments were a measuring microscope, laser double slit, meter stick , stand, and a clamp. Next the group kept the microscope vertical and placed the double slit under the microscope so that the slits were perpendicular to the direction of movement of the microscope. Then the focus and the cross line controls were adjusted to get a sharp view of the slits and the cross lines. Also the position of the microscope was adjusted so that the cross lines coinciding with the edge of a slit.The group took the reading accurately using the venier (R1) and moved the microscope to get the cross line coinciding with the other three edges of the slits and take the readings (R2, R3, R4). The center distance (b) between the slits from the four readings was calculated and steps 2, 3, and 4 were repeated to take the average of three consistent values of b. The slit was vertically mounted on the table and the laser was placed such that the beam passes through the double slit and formed fringes on a screen or a wall. The group then adjusted the distance between the slit and the screen to be as large as possible a least about 2 meters to measure the exact distance (D). The group held a sheet of paper on the screen and traced the bright fridges. The center to center distance between the fridges was measured and the average distance was taken (d). Finally the group took all the information and put in into the formula above and got 6224.55. with the error % equation the grup came out with 1.6% Error.

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