...The Emerging Issue of Crystal Methamphetamine Use in First Nations Communities A Discussion Paper First Nations Centre May 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PART I CRYSTAL METHAMPHETAMINE: WHAT IS IT? WHO USES CRYSTAL METH HOW CRYSTAL METH IS USED HOW CRYSTAL METH IS MADE HOW CRYSTAL METH AFFECTS THE BODY, MIND, RELATIONSHIPS AND THE ENVIRONMENT PART II GOVERNMENT, ORGANIZED CRIME AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED STATES CRYSTAL METH AND ILLEGAL DRUG STRATEGIES IN CANADA FIRST NATIONS AND CRYTAL METH TREATMENT STRATEGIES PART III TALA TOOTOOSIS’ STORY CRYSTAL METH ON THE NAVAJO NATION CONCLUSIONS APPENDIX A 1 INTRODUCTION Crystal methamphetamine 1 use among people in some First Nations communities (both in Canada and the United States) has evolved into an issue that is requiring more and more attention. Indicative of this, in July of 2005, the Assembly of First Nations (AFN) in Canada passed a resolution specifically directed at this emerging issue. 2 As a result of this resolution, the AFN has identified the need for the development of a First Nations National Task Force on Crystal Meth to develop a Strategic Action Plan to Address the Emerging issue of Crystal Meth in First Nations Communities. Generally speaking, this paper provides basic information about crystal methamphetamine as well as information that is First Nations specific. The first part of the paper discusses: what crystal meth is; who is using it;...
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...The Emerging Issue of Crystal Methamphetamine Use in First Nations Communities A Discussion Paper First Nations Centre May 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PART I CRYSTAL METHAMPHETAMINE: WHAT IS IT? WHO USES CRYSTAL METH HOW CRYSTAL METH IS USED HOW CRYSTAL METH IS MADE HOW CRYSTAL METH AFFECTS THE BODY, MIND, RELATIONSHIPS AND THE ENVIRONMENT PART II GOVERNMENT, ORGANIZED CRIME AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED STATES CRYSTAL METH AND ILLEGAL DRUG STRATEGIES IN CANADA FIRST NATIONS AND CRYTAL METH TREATMENT STRATEGIES PART III TALA TOOTOOSIS’ STORY CRYSTAL METH ON THE NAVAJO NATION CONCLUSIONS APPENDIX A 1INTRODUCTION Crystal methamphetamine 1 use among people in some First Nations communities (both in Canada and the United States) has evolved into an issue that is requiring more and more attention. Indicative of this, in July of 2005, the Assembly of First Nations (AFN in Canada passed a resolution specifically directed at this emerging issue. ) f 2 As a result o this resolution, the AFN has identified the need for the development of a First Nations National Task Force on Crystal Meth to develop a Strategic Action Plan to Address the Emerging issue of Crystal Meth in First Nations Communities. ...
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...Wellington Alornyo Unit 5 Assignment 1 RN1320 Why Should Drugs Be Legal? Should drugs be legalized? Drugs are resources that are capable of affecting the American economy in many ways--both positively and negatively. Drugs often have a bad name even though they help us every day in medical cases. And the drugs with the worst reputations are not the most abused drugs one may benefit from the legalization of drugs in many ways, while others would suffer greatly. Almost every person in the United States has their own opinion on drug legalization. There are many different pros and cons to the legalization of drugs. Drug legalization is also an ethical and a moral issue. Should drugs be legalized or not? While I think drugs should be legalized, many others disagree. The first major benefit that will come from the legalization of drugs will be the increase in jobs. Creation of new jobs will take place in the manufacturing industry, sales industry, and marketing industry, due to the increased demand for drugs. The manufacturing industry will experience a boost because some drugs will need to be mixed with other substances to become other drugs, such as crack cocaine. The sale industry will expand from the legalization of drugs because the drugs will not sale themselves. A new form of entrepreneurship will be available for many individuals to take part in. Marketing jobs will increase simply because every new drug product...
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...the mesolimbic reward pathway. Formulations COCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE Topical Solution CIIRx only [Lannett Company, Inc.] Each mL contains:Cocaine hydrochloride 40 mg or 100 mg As aqueous solution.The topical solution contains the following inactive ingredients: citric acid, D&C Yellow No. 10, FD&C Green No. 3, sodium benzoate, and water. Methamphetamine Methamphetamine (USAN) also known as metamfetamine (INN),meth, ice, crystal glass, tik, N-methylamphetamine, methylamphetamine, and desoxyephedrine, is a psychostimulant of the phenethylamine and amphetamine class of psychoactive drugs. Methamphetamine occurs in two enantiomers, dextrorotary and levorotary; dextromethamphetamine possesses the well-known psychostimulant effects of the drug, while levomethamphetamine is CNS-inactive. Although rarely prescribed, dextromethamphetamine is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of ADHD and obesity under the trade name Desoxyn, while levomethamphetamine is a non-prescription over-the-counter nasal decongestant. Formulations Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets contain 5 mg of methamphetamine hydrochloride, USP for oral administration. Inactive Ingredients Corn starch, lactose monohydrate, stearic acid and talc. Cannabis Cannabis, also known as marijuana (from the Mexican Spanish marihuana), and by other names, is a preparation of the Cannabis plant intended for use as a...
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...In my opinion the writer of the article makes full sense for his point of view on the epidemic problem in Yemen. There aren’t any alternative solutions but a definite one in my opinion, which is to get rid of khat completely. Even though there is some benefit because of the energy it gives students and workers and for its ability to curve hunger. It has more bad qualities than good ones the consequences greatly outweigh the benefits it has. Beside the benefits Khat has become something that is incorporated in as a way to life. By banning the use of the methamphetamine many qualities in life will improve for the Yemeni people. Water supply will almost double therefore allowing the average person to feel a significant difference of the water amount used per household daily. Even though almost half of the population is below the poverty line they still somehow manage to spend the little money they have on Khat. By quitting khat completely people will notice a huge amount of money saved each month by not buying this expensive drug. People in Yemen who can barely afford their expensive habit can significantly improve the quality of life they are living by being able to spend on other necessary household items. Productivity among people who work will also increase, many use it as an extra boost but they fail to realize that chewing khat although a social thing consumes around 3 to 4 hours every single day. Those hours could be spent doing many other things besides chewing your money...
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...Causes and treatment of addiction Addiction Overview The current model to explain addiction suggests that addiction begins with the basic pleasure and reward circuits in the brain, which involve the chemical dopamine. These reward centers are designed to activate during pleasurable acts such as eating. Whenever ingesting a substance causes these reward circuits to activate, addiction and dependence is possible. However, addictive behaviors that are considered damaging or destructive have characteristics that distinguish them from normal behavior (see common characteristics of destructive addictions. Examples of common destructive addictions are alcohol intoxication, alcoholism, cocaine abuse, drug dependence and abuse, methamphetamine abuse, narcotic abuse, and substance abuse. People with addictions often cannot quit on their own. Addiction is an illness that requires treatment. Treatment may include counseling, behavioral therapies, self-help groups or medical treatment. People often assume that those with addictions should be able to quit by simply making up their minds to do so. Addiction is thought to be possible for a wide range of chemical substances. Dependence, most often related to physical symptoms, can occur for a subset of the chemicals that cause addiction. For instance, rarely an individual is prescribed a medication by a doctor for a legitimate reason (such as pain after an injury) and this can lead to physical withdrawal symptoms if this medication is stopped...
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...LETTERS References 1. Shah S, Elmer S, Grady C. Planning for posttrial access to antiretroviral treatment for research participants in developing countries. Am J Public Health. 2009; 99(9):1556–1562. 2. National Institutes of Health. Guidance for addressing the provision of antiretroviral treatment for trial participants following their completion of NIH funded antiretroviral treatment trials in developing countries. 2005. Available at: http://grants.nih.gov/ grants/policy/antiretroviral/index.htm. Accessed October 20, 2009. 3. Shaffer DN, Yebei VN, Ballidawa JB, et al. Equitable treatment for HIV/AIDS clinical trial participants: a focus group study of patients, clinician researchers, and administrators in western Kenya. J Med Ethics. 2006;32:55–60. 4. Posse M, Meheus F, Van Asten H, van der Ven A, Baltussen R. Barriers to access to antiretroviral treatment in developing countries: a review. Trop Med Int Health. 2008;13(7):904–913. 5. MacQueen KM, Namey E, Chilongozi DA, et al. Community perspectives on care options for HIV prevention trial participants. AIDS Care. 2007;19(4): 554–560. SHAH AND GRADY RESPOND Onyeabor’s letter highlighted some of the ethical complexities inherent in posttrial access. Although we agree that ethically, individuals benefiting from antiretroviral therapy should continue to receive it, the challenge for all of us involved in the ethical conduct of research is to be clear about how this should occur. Many study participants in developing countries...
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...Lori France-Larsen PSY201 (Herman & Balogh) Polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter and receptor genes: susceptibility to substance abuse (SUD) Substance use disorders 1) (AD) Alcohol Dependency A. European ancestry study a.17 studies including 3489 alcoholics and 2325 controls B. Frequency of S allele at 5-HTTLPR significantly associated C. Early childhood trauma clarify relationship between 5-HTTLPR and AD 2) Japanese ancestry study D. Positive association between G allele of rs6311 with inactive ALDH2 compared with control subjects E. Investigating rs6311 on individuals with AD compared with (OD) opiod dependence were enriched with G allele when they carried 5-HTTLPR L allele F. SNP rs6311 not observed to moderate response to alcohol 3) American Indian ancestry G. Examined roll of HTR1B rs6296 vulnerability to AD with (ASPD) antisocial personality disorder a. Frequency of rs6296 C allele elevated b. HTR1B rs6216 significant linkage to AD 4) Taiwanese Han – AD and controls H. rs130058(A-161T) T allele significantly higher in AD cases I. demonstrated in vitro higher than A allele 5) Chinese Han J. T allele of rs130058 associated with AD K. Additional SNP’s in HTR1B related to AD L. Functional HTR1B SNP(rs13212041) described and reported larger portion of variation in self reported anger and hostility compared with HTR1B SNP’s 6) Animal...
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...that is taking place across multiple state agencies including DSHS ,the department of health, and liquor control board just not relying on one point of view or information source but focusing on a wider spectrum of the issues that can help focus discipline for the political debate. policymakers seek to empower themselves proactively regulating legal marijuana; nevertheless, inform and influence the informational battles that will surround legal marijuana. can you say economic benefits, Washington state will bring in nearly $50 million in new taxes, initially proceeds being used to better education, such as , new schools, higher teacher salaries, extra school activity's, and school based clubs. legalized marijuana frees up law enforcement to seek out more destructive illegal drugs such as cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine. legalized marijuana will help by reducing funds used to enforce against marijuana by $17 billion a Cato institute study reveals. producing public health benefits with legalization. eventually eliminating the entrepreneurs that are set up in the 48 other states that are...
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...deliberation of committing anything resembling a “sex slaying”. Possibly a slaying of a 1-pound bag of Doritos and a 12 pack of grape soda, hardly something I would categorize as “sadistic”. Nonetheless our government still refuses to acknowledge the undeniable benefits of marijuana. James Masin, the head of the United States Public Health Service, said that we should not give AIDS patients marijuana to help with their debilitating symptoms because, crazed by the high, they would be much more likely to engage in unsafe sex (Manderson 2). This quote is not only frivolous; it also holds no medical evidence to support such an outlandish claim. There has been no reputable scientific study that suggests marijuana causes it’s users to become sex-crazed maniacs that will do anything to pleasure their id personality. I was under the assumption that our government was in a position of power to create laws and regulations for the benefit of the country based on non-biased facts. I was obviously mistaken. Marijuana can be used in many functional and valuable ways. Thirteen states have legalized the use of medicinal marijuana. A vast majority of the scientific community has come to the consensus that marijuana does in fact hold medicinal benefits for certain ailments. Also, marijuana is not a lethal drug and is safer than alcohol. It is an established scientific fact that marijuana is not toxic to humans; marijuana overdoses are nearly impossible, and marijuana is not nearly as addictive as alcohol...
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...in brain wave activity that occur during the different stages of sleep. Understand why sleep deprivation is harmful. Understand why deep sleep is important. Understand why REM sleep is important. Describe some common sleep disorders. 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Describe the two main theories of dreams. Explain the two theories of hypnosis. Discuss the effects and benefits of meditation. List and describe the four categories of psychoactive drugs. Describe the effects of psychoactive drugs on the nervous system. 5.4 Hypnosis Critical Thinking About Hypnosis Theories of Hypnosis Altered State of Consciousness Role Playing Divided Consciousness 5.6 Drug Use Mechanism of Action of Psychoactive Drugs Depressants Alcohol Narcotics/Opiates Summary of Multiple Influences on Consciousness CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 5.6 Effects of Psychoactive Drugs CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 5.4 Theories of Stimulants Caffeine Nicotine Cocaine Methamphetamine Hypnosis 5.5 Meditation Meditation Defined Effects and Benefits of Meditation Hallucinogens LSD Marijuana Ecstasy CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 5.5 Effects and Benefits of Meditation...
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...of untruths spread by Harry J. Anslinger, who was the first Commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics. Less than a year after the acceptance of the Act, the mayor of New York City at the time, Fiorello La Guardia, assembled a group of illustrious scientists to investigate the effects of marijuana and found that their research contradicted Commissioner Anslinger’s arguments (Lupien). The question is: why is marijuana still illegal? Lawmakers and the medical community still fight the marijuana war when there is sufficient proof that it is not as harmful as Anslinger and his associates led the American people to believe, that the physical impairment from marijuana use is comparable to alcohol or tobacco use, and that the economy could benefit immensely from the legalization of marijuana. The media and members of the medical community still support the illusion that marijuana has many detrimental side effects. For example, the National Institute on Drug Abuse’s (NIDA) news release states, “people who abstain from smoking marijuana appear to have a better quality of life and higher levels of educational achievement than marijuana users. Also, early use of marijuana was associated with lowered income and reduced health later in life” (National). Does NIDA determine what “a better quality of life” is and, if they do, how do they measure it? Some would say that being surrounded by...
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...Drugs, Narcotics, and Options for Treatment Westwood College Chet J. Willer CJ321 – Drugs and Narcotics J. L. Gonzalez, M.A. - Faculty 16 JUL 2012_MP There is no doubt that America is one of the most sophisticated and advanced countries in the world. Evan as complex and civilized that we are, many of our citizens have succumbed to the evils that are associated with drugs. Drugs have been a part of the American story since Christopher Columbus first landed in the New World and the Natives offered him a gift. It was the gift of tobacco, which would go on to become one of the most commonly used drugs throughout our history. (Shmoop Editorial Team, 2008) Drugs are a major problem in American life; however this is not necessarily a new problem. What constitutes a new problem in relation to drugs is the advancements in technologies which chemically create new drugs and modify existing ones. Drugs and the elements which surround them engulf and suffocate millions throughout the world in financial greed, criminal behavior, and uncontrollable addictions. These elements all too often lead to unrecoverable financial debts, instabilities in relationships, incarceration, and death. Many laws have been enacted as a result of the adverse actions and incidents related to drugs. These laws highly regulate the manufacturing of, use, possession, and distribution of drugs. Additionally, there have been strong efforts in attempting to treat those who have been victimized by the...
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...Compassionate Medical Cannabis Act, doctors are allowed to prescribe non-smoking, low-THC (the active compound in marijuana) cannabis. Amendment two would legalize all types of medical marijuana to those who fall under a specific list of disease and conditions or any "other debilitating medical conditions of the same kind or class...” Basically, any condition that causes muscle spasms or seizures, or any condition where the doctor feels that the benefits outweigh the risks. On a national scale, marijuana has become more accepted in the public eye. Both presidential candidates have spoken out in favor of legalizing medical marijuana, with the Republican Candidate Donald Trump saying “...I’m in favor of it a hundred percent.” on the O’Reilly Factor on February 12, 2016. Throughout her campaign, Democratic Candidate Hillary Clinton also voices her support of legalizing medical marijuana. One of the main arguments for legalizing medical marijuana is the lower risk compared to other prescription drugs. “Cocaine, morphine, and methamphetamine may all be legally administered to patients,” United for Care said, “so why not marijuana, which has a far lower rate of dependency and for which there has never been a recorded overdose.” However, those on the Vote No for 2 campaign are fearful that having medical marijuana would “normalize” the drug to children, and that “their perception of risk of harm of using that is going down. It's only like 46 percent of our high schoolers that feel...
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...believe that drug testing is a valid and useful tool available to businesses to promote a workplace culture the business prefers. Others feel that drug testing is a violation of privacy and has no place at a business. Almost everyone knows of someone that has abused drugs before, during, or after work. Not many know of how drug abuse actually affects performance and safety on the job. Determining if there is a correlation between drugs and poor performance and safety will help to validate drug testing’s presence. Ever since the technology was available, drug testing at the workplace has existed in some form or another. When Reagan became President in 1986, he began to push drug testing in the workplace, schools, and those applying for free benefits as part of the escalating war on drugs. (Butler, 2007) Since then, drug testing has proliferated to the rest of society and become almost a norm. For some businesses, it has become a major hiring tool, while for others it does not exist. For those that do use drug testing, it comes on many forms. Tests range from urine based to hair based to “Drug Recognition Experts,” (Butler, 2007) and each test has its own strengths and weaknesses. The easiest and cheapest tests to perform are urine tests. The most basic and easiest to perform is called an EMIT test. EMIT stands for enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique and involves a urine sample from the subject. The test looks for certain enzymes that occur in the body when certain drugs are consumed...
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