...– THE BOXER REBELLION INTRODUCTION The Boxer Uprising and Rebellion in 1901 further weakened an already destabilised Qing Government and was a key component in governmental change. After the first Opium war with Great Britain from 1839- 1842, China was coming under an increase in pressure from various foreign powers. Following the war, foreigners were given the rights to control trade, collect customs money and run the courts in dozens of Chinese cities, called ‘Treaty Ports’. China had suffered the violation of the powers, although once it was suddenly made clear that the country was defenceless against modern military organisation and weapons, this encroachment was flung into a scramble for concessions. This scramble intensified the already present Chinese hatred of the foreigner. Hong Kong was given to the British in 1842, Indochina was taken by the French in 1884, and Taiwan was taken by Japan in 1894 following their war success over China. Germany and Russia also started to gain influence throughout China (Salem Press, 1992). The Qing government, also known as the Ch’ing government, was heavily manipulated by the West. This led to the distrust and lack of support by the Chinese public – severely weakening the government. The Boxer Uprising and Rebellion during 1901 was a pivotal point in the eventual destruction and downfall of the Qing by Sun Yat-Sen and the formal abdication of the last emperor Puyi in 1912 (Szczepanski, 2013). CONTEXT OF THE REBELLION Throughout...
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...historical events the Boxer Rebellion has been studied, and numerous historians have determined varied events that can be successfully chosen as the cause of the peasant uprising in China in the late 19th and early 20th century. Some historians believe the Boxer Rebellion was caused by environmental factors, while other lean towards causes that do not reflect those factors. After substantial research and thought, the historical controversy can be answered by evidence that the rebellion was generated from the result of the drought in the Northern plains of Chinese territory. To determine this conclusion two qualified authors of this topic had been chosen to research, which include...
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...Simpson 1 Antonio Simpson U.S History 12/9/12 During the late 1800’s the United States wanted to increase it’s power and influence in the world. The way they did this was through Imperialism, a strong nation taking over another nation by economic or military means. There were several factors driving America’s imperialist efforts. A thirst for new markets, military interests, and to spread their ideology were some of those reasons. Of all these, their economic interests was the motivating factor in the United States intervening in Cuba, Hawaii, and creating the Open Door Policy. Theodore Roosevelt took over the lead note in pursuing imperialism. Bully Pulpit is a way Theodore Roosevelt used presidency to influence legislation and laws. The square deal is a program designed to protect the common people against big business. The Panama Canal was apart of this because Theodore Roosevelt gave $20 million dollars to Panama but the people of Panama disagreed. The United States wanted to spread their capitalism and market. The United States used imperialism to gain control of Panama from the French. The American-Spanish war started when the USS Maine explosion killed over 1000 americans, but the explosion was accident in the boiler room in the ship, the country believed it was a Spanish sabotage. President William McKinley reacted by demanding that among other things Spain give Cuba its independence but Spain did not comply. When McKinley approached Congress to declare war against...
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...Assessment 06.08 19th Century Changes: Module Project Haitian Revolution From 1791-1804 Haitian slaves, led by Toussaint l ‘Overture, attacked wealthy whites. The main cause for the Haitian revolution was the philosophies of the enlightment in that “all men were considered brothers”, the French revolution had a psychological influence suggesting that if the French could rebel against illegitimate rule so could the Haitians. This is considered the most successful slave rebellion in history. Industrialization in Britain Between 1750 and 1850, the UK experienced the first industrial revolution. The UK changed from mostly agricultural to industrial. The industrial revolution occurred first in Britain because they had resources such as, coal,...
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...Christians. The Boxer Rebellion was an uprising of the Righteous Harmony Society against the West in northern China between 1898 and 1901. The Boxers began as an anti-foreign, anti-imperialist peasant based movement. It is also said to be a religious revolution against national corruption in the form of foreign missionaries, soldiers, and diplomats, as well as native Christians. Reforms were implemented after the crisis in 1900, which laid the foundation for the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Chinese Republic. In this article, we see that the author demonstrates that this event can be split into that of true history and myth. History in three keys is a work written about the point of view of its author, but not always portrayed in a factual sense. Cohen’s view in the article follows the categories of event, experience, and myth. Historical retelling is in constant tension with two other more influential ways of knowing the past - experience and myth. History retells itself through the accounts of historians with those of participants and witnesses; and sets these perspectives against the range of popular myths that were fashioned about the Boxers. One part tells the Boxer rebellion as recreated by historians. The next explores the feelings and behavior of the direct participants in the Boxer experience who understood what was actually happening to them at the time unlike historians. Lastly, Cohen studies the myths surrounding the uprising in China and moreover...
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...The Boxer Uprising (1898-1901), also known as ‘Yi Ho Tuan’ Movement, was a major peasant uprising marked by anti-Manchu and anti-foreign sentiments. In the period after the Opium Wars, the nature of Sino-Western relations had changed, leading to a scramble for concessions. This had exposed the inefficacy of the Manchus. Simultaneously, it had intensified the socio-economic crisis already prevalent in the 19th century. This essay attempts to analyze the causes, nature and impact of the Boxer Movement. Causes 1. A study of the traditional Chinese society and economy is imperative to trace the origins of the Uprising. The Chinese society was strictly compartmentalized by the principles of Confucianism. The society was highly stratified and had a rigid and inflexible hierarchical structure. A unique combination of power, wealth and knowledge defined the gentry or the elite class. The peasantry was the ‘exploited’ class, the taxpayers, who despite the theoretical emphasis on ‘career open to merit’ could rarely attain gentry status. The growing tax burden and exploitation caused discontent among them and though they remained placid, the simmering of discontent was always there. However, peasant uprisings, though a frequent occurrence, were spontaneous and scattered and so easy to suppress. The growing unrest culminated into agitation, and found expression in the Boxer Movement. 2. A series of natural calamities in the late 19th century intensified the discontent...
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...Qing period, imperial China reached its zenith of power and influence. The Qing dynasty lasted for almost 300 years, extended China’s borders farther than they had ever been before, and perfected the Chinese imperial system. After flourishing in the 18th century, it fell apart in the 19th. Like many complicated systems, it grew brittle and inflexible. It could not adjust as new problems arose. Bad harvests, warfare, rebellions, overpopulation, economic disasters, and foreign imperialism contributed to the dynasty’s collapse. One reason for the decline of the Qing Dynasty was that the rulers were actually Manchus and instituted many things in China which the Han people did not agree with - one was the practice of shaving the head but leaving the sides and a long tail required for all males - this practice was brought to China by the Manchus and the Han people saw it as an emblem of their domination by non-domestic rulers. Opium was also a major reason for the fall of the Qing Dynasty. Opium is a drug found in the Opium Poppy Plant and contains the major ingredient in heroin. The British were in possession of a very potent strain of Opium and illegally sold it to China. This cause most people in China to get addicted to Opium. This was detrimental to Chinese society because since everyone was always high on Opium nothing got done in China. Also when China refused to legally trade Opium with the British the British used this as a reason to invade China, resulting in the Opium...
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...3) So, though their goals may differ, the historian and the filmmaker must both make this important choice. This is easily observable within the mythologization of the Boxer Rebellion of 1900 and how a history colored by these interpretations reflects itself in Nicholas Ray’s 1963 film 55 Days at Peking. Though its inclusions, omissions, and areas of focus, the film contributes to history in and of itself by allowing us to analyze the viewpoint it encompasses. Because the film is presented from the perspective of the Great Powers, we first observe the point of view and portrayal of the Boxers to create a complete picture of events. Their experiences are almost completely ignored, for the only interactions the characters have with the Boxers apart from trying to repel their assault is at the beginning when a Boxer is torturing an Englishman for reasons never articulated. (Ray 2-3:00) The Boxer shamelessly attempts to extort Charlton Heston’s character and resorts to violence when this attempt is unsuccessful. The implications of such needless greed and cruelty are clear, (that the Boxers delight in violence against foreigners for its own sake) but their motivations are alluded to elsewhere in the film. When the British foreign minister attempts to negotiate with the Empress Dowager, she remarks that the Boxer response is an understandable one to the foreign occupation of...
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...Date (CE) | Description of the event | Significance of the event | 1850 | -Taiping Rebellion-this was against the Manchu which was ruling the Qing Dynasty | -one of the bloodiest military conflicts in history-20 million people died, especially pedestrians | 1 August 1894 | -First sino-japanese war-this war was against China and Japan over the control of Korea -in the first six months China kept on losing which made them call for peace in February 1895 | -Intensification of imperialism -China was seen as weak so many Europeans started to partition China and take land from them which led further on to the Boxer revolution | June 1900 | -Boxer Rebellion to foreign powers and imperialism-Boxers gathered in Beijing protesting against Christianity and their act of taking land under the influence of the church | -Opened the Europeans eyes and saw that China was not as weak and fragile as they thought which made them rethink themselves | October 10, 1911 | -The Manchu Dynasty was overthrown and a republic was created.-Government lost control of the military and many provinces became independent of Beijing | -the key causes of this event would be significant causes for the Civil War that would start 15 years later: imperialism, anti-foreign attitudes, and the central government’s weakness | February 1912 | -Yuan Shikai assumed the role of president.-he was able to achieve so from the role of premier he had during the Qing dynasty and the fact that people in the south recognized...
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...China and Japan Respond to the West Source Analysis Questions Directions: Using the China and Japan Response to Westernization Source Packet, answer the following questions about each of the documents. The first 5 documents are due on Monday 2/8. The second set are due on Friday 2/12. Document 1: Key Information: Opium Wars British East India Company sold Opium China began to loose power Opium is a drug: causes numbness, yellow skin, addiction. Theatrical Poster (advertise): Man lying on cushion and smoking opium. Messy at Opium Joint. Exaggeration of what is really happening. Point of View: Western - American Bias? Who?: Yes. Against Chinese. All Chinese people are high on opium. This poster is about a big problem among some Chinese immigrants...
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...The Boxer rebellion is one of the most famous wars in Chinese history. It took place in the 1900s, when China had lost several wars against foreign countries and Japan, they threatened the Qing dynasty to sign several unfair treaties, such as extraterritorial rights and immunities from the Qing dynasty’s law. China was just like nonexistent country because foreign countries were each ruling different parts of China. At the fall of the Qing dynasty, a long drought followed by several floods and aggression by foreign countries [History.com Staff. 2009]. People were suffering from hunger, unfair rights and poverty. As a result, there was hatred and xenophobic reactions among the Chinese. Qing Empress Dowager Cixi declared a war on 8 nations. [History.com...
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...view on Imperialism was not shared with their opponent, William Bryan. Bryan was against imperialism and the Republican party’s ideal “militant America”, while attacking Mc Kinley’s foreign policies. “Bryan believes that American foreign policy is immoral and that the United States has no business fighting these kinds of wars. He believes that what McKinley has done has not only corrupted American society, but has corrupted the American Constitution.” - WALTER LAFEBER, America 1900 episode -3 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/1900/filmmore/transcript/transcript3.html Mc Kinley’s foreign policies were aimed at free trade in China, looking to profit/ do business with other Westerners and foreign countries who have already settled in some provinces of China; utilizing the missionaries as well. “By 1900, China is looked at as a nation that can not defend itself. China would be described as a "bone among the...
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...of China doubled- 1800 The Taiping rebellion happened -1851-1864 The Kuomintang or Nationalist Party was -1912 The Treaty of Nanjing was signed in:1842 The Boxer rebellion happened-1898-1901 India was considered as British -1858-1947 East India Company rule in India ended -1858 The Struggle for Independence took-1857-1858 Dutch merchants started going to India in-1595 Dutch merchants formed Dutch East-1602 The first Anglo Maratha War took-1775-1782 In which year did Japan become a -1956 Meiji Period lasted between:1868 – 1912 Japan received its first European style-1889 The Ottoman period came to an end only in:1922 The first Ottoman war with the city- 1423–1430 Conquest of Constantinople was in: 1453 Treaty of London that consist of the Ottomans-1840 The Ottomans were forced to recognize-1832 The Grand National Assembly of Turkey-29 October 1923 In what year was made the law that entitled -1938 When was the Triple Alliance established? 1888 When did Queen Elizabeth II become-1952 When had English settled seventeen -1624-1641 When had the West Indies populations had - 1660 When did John Rolfe of Jamestown purchase?-1619 When did ambiguity change?-1460-1480 Spain and Portugal partitioned the world -In 1494 the phase of High Imperialism was between:-1870 War I The Qing population of China doubled- 1800 The Taiping rebellion happened -1851-1864 The Kuomintang or Nationalist Party was -1912 The Treaty of Nanjing was signed in:1842 The Boxer rebellion...
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...1) Why did China become weaker in the late 19th century? Be specific and provide details to support your answer. China became weaker in the 19th century because of British control. There was a war between China and Britain over the opium trade, called the Opium Wars. Britain then forced China to sign The Treaty of Nanking (aka the Unfair Treaty), which forced China to pay Britain $18 million for destroyed opium and war costs, give Britain Hong Kong and 5 other treaty ports, tariff all British goods at 5%, and force China to sell the same thing to Britain as it does with other nations. The Chinese fought against Britain and French, but it only made the country weaker and poorer. There was an unsuccessful rebellion, Taiping Rebellion, that severely hurt China. 2) Why was Japan weak in the 19th century, and why did Commodore Perry's arrival spark a crisis in the shogunate? Be specific and provide details to support your answer....
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...During the years of 1850-1920 China did have some factors of being revolutionary, the decline in imperial China, their rise of their military as well as the change in the political parties, China also had factors of being a continuation such as their economy and the leaderships. However there wasn’t many factors of China showing to be a continuation this was because China was changing massively and at a fast rate during this period of time. One way to show that China was a revolutionary was the Boxer Rising. This was a popular anti-western movement in China, which was supported by peasants (such as farmers) uprising in 1900 which was set up to drive all foreigners out of China. It was a violent anti-foreigner and anti-Christian movement; it was motivated by proto-nationalists and backed by the empress dowager CIXI. In 1900 the Boxers besieged the foreign embassies in Beijing for two months until they were relieved by an international force. The rising was intervened by the Great Powers, which defeated the Chinese forces; because of this it further reduced the authority of the QING dynasty. The Boxer Risings changed China quite a lot: It made the leaders of China realise that they had to modernize and adopt European technology as well as this it also helped to opened the doors for Revolutionary movements such as the Communist Party and the to rise and to gain the support of China's people. Another factor that shows how revolutionary China was, was the End of the Chinese Empire...
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