...White February 2, 2015 The Brain and Behavior Essay The human brain is a very multifaceted and sophisticated organ. Understanding the function of the brain is often very limited to the understanding of the brains areas or regions with regard to how these areas respond to stimuli or how it responds to damage. Much of the understanding of the brain is embedded in observation of damaged brains and their association of impaired function with specific areas of damage. Modern technologies have begun to change this trend because of machines such as the Magnetic Resonance Imager (MRI) that allows scientist to observe brain function with the invasiveness of surgery. This technology has provided not just insights into neuroscience but also into psychology as brain functions can now be correlated better with behavior and heredity. One can see this insight when examining specific areas of the brain such as the temporal and frontal lobes of the brain. The MRI lets the scientist get an in depth look at the brain in slices of an image to better interpret how the brain works. The cerebral cortex is “a large, extremely wrinkled sheet of neurons, or nerve cells, on the surface of the brain’s two hemispheres”. These are defined as the right and left hemispheres and make up the largest volume in the brain. The cerebral cortex controls all sensation, thought, comprehension, higher cognition, ideas, language, memory...
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...The Brain and Behavior Essay The temporal and frontal lobes of the brain play a significant role in behavior and decision processing. The temporal lobe is located in the bottom middle part of the cortex, or more commonly recognized, right behind the temples on each side of the brain. It is primarily responsible for processing auditory information for hearing and comprehension. (Brainmadesimple.com, 2014) The frontal lobe is located in the upper are of the cortex. The primary function of the frontal lobe is processing higher mental functioning such as thinking and decision making. (Brainmadesimple.com, 2014) It is also one of the four major divisions of the cerebral cortex. The temporal lobe regulates memory, hearing, emotions, language, and learning abilities. Sensory receptors work together to regulate overstimulation of the various criterions. The temporal lobe also works to turn short term memory into long term memory. When damage happens to the temporal lobe Wernickes aphasia may occur. Wernickes aphasia affects the left temporal lobe; however five percent of individual the right temporal lobe is affected. This damaged condition results in receptor problems. The individual may have the ability to hear speech, but they will have a great difficulty understanding the meaning of the words. Other disorders that affect the temporal lobe are epilepsy as well as dementia. Other damage symptoms of the temporal lobe are problems with visual perceptions, impaired long-term memory...
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...When most people think about the brain they think of how it can process memories and helps the body function, but what most people fail to realize is that the brain has different parts for different functions. These different parts of the brains are broken down into categories called lobes. The lobe that controls a person’s hearing and language is the temporal lobe. The temporal lobes are actually located on both sides of the brain. The temporal lobe helps people register what it is they are hearing when they are either talking or listening. When some sort of damage is happened to the temporal lobe people are able to still hear things but will have a hard time understanding the meaning of words, this is called receptive (or fluent) aphasia. This damaged area is also known as the Wernicke’s area. The most important part of the brain that really makes up a person’s self and has higher mental abilities (which means it helps with reasoning and planning) is the frontal lobe part of the brain. The frontal lobe gets its’ name from the location of the brain. It is in located on the front part of the brain and it is a massive lobe at that. Not only does the frontal lobe make up a person’s self, but it also has another role which is motor control. Motor control refers to every movement that your body can make. These movements can be as little as moving a finger to as big as running or swimming. Another thing to know is that the frontal lobe has more tissue dedicated for certain motor...
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...would otherwise be unexplainable Weaknesses It is difficult to seperate genetic influence from environmental influence It's reductionistic Can't explain altruism well Historical Context The biological perspective was created as a reaction to the theory of dualism, that the mind and the brain are two seperate entities. Some important researchers in the development of the biological perspective are: Plato-nativism Darwin- Outlined evolution and the idea of nativism and heredity Jean Baptiste Lamarck-studied heredity Phineas Gage- Brain injury has the ability to affect behaviour II. Key Concepts Heredity- influence of genes Nativism- certain traits are inately hardwired at birth Evolution Hemisphere specialization Neurotransmission Localization Evolution Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS = Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion) Biological preparedness Basic Assumptions There are four main basic assumptions of the biological perspective: Behavior is biologically determined Behavior has a genetic basis Localization of function Animals may be used to help understand human behavior Which basic assumption would be the easiest to write an essay about? -Behavior is biologically determined Research to use in supporting this assumption: Phineas Gage- After a physiological injury to the frontal lobe, Gage experienced a significant personality change and became more vulgar, impatient, and obstinate. Methods of Investigation The main...
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...BEH/225 THE BRAIN AND BEHAVIOUR ESSAY The Brain and Behavior Essay BEH/225 June 7, 2014 The Brain and Behavior In the four lobes of the brain, temporal lobe is of them. Cerebral cortex the major part of which this lobe is part of. It is on the lower side of both cerebral hemispheres on each side. This lobe has different functions, mainly auditory detection, keeping memory and emotional perception. The hippocampus happens to be an area of the brain that consolidates information from brain. The damage to this lobe is mainly linked to the impairment of an individual experiences. For instance, damage that occurs to the left lobe may cause difficult noting words while damage to the right lobe can cause lack of talk inhibition. One of the well noted behavior due to damage to this lobe is attention type of disorder, victims proving distraction and inability to attention. They give incompatible memory, sometimes it is called forgetting to recall. The way of thinking of victims with this injury happens to be hard, and they may prove some improper issues in their way of responding. This preservation, with inability to change form one way of thinking to another, brings difficulties with calculations, such as carryover subtraction. Aphasia is not all times observed, but this so contrary from Wernicke’s and Broca’s response on it. Victims have well monitored motor speech. Repetition is always intact...
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...investigates the function and structure of the brain as it relates to processes of cognition such as; memory, perception, thinking, recognition and the human ability to solve problems, ( Jansari, 2010 p.60). Since the second half of the nineteenth century neurologist began studying brain damage in patients, more specifically their research has examined the effect of brain damage and its implication for normal cognitive functions. It has therefore being argued that in order to understand a working system, one must understand how it can fail, (Jansari, 2010 p. 59). This can refine and possibly constrain existing theories, as well as inspire the formulation of future concepts with regards to the structure of normal cognition. Evidence is based on case studies of individual brain damaged patients who show deficits in particular areas of the brain, from such studies researchers infer that different areas of the brain are highly specialized. Furthermore the development of more accurate techniques, aided by more effective research paradigms has increased our understanding of cognitive functions, in areas such as disassociation, plasticity, memory, localization and face processing, which would be explored later in the essay. Cognitive neuropsychology has however shown that there are limitations in understanding cognition where questions regarding methodology may arise, for instance studying single patient symptoms may pose problem for generalization. This essay would therefore provide an account...
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...Brain Structures & Their Functions The brain forms part of the central nervous system together with the spinal cord. The nervous system is the center of all communication and decision making. There are two parts of the nervous system: the central, and the peripheral nervous system. The nervous system as a whole is in charge of every part of our daily lives. Breathing, blinking, reaching to grab your phone, these are all motions brought on by our nervous system. Sensory nerves are the group of nerves responsible for gathering information from the body, and passing it along to the spinal cord which sends that message to the brain. The brain will then combine the message, and produce a response. The spinal cord acts as a superhighway of messages. It’s made up of a collection of nerves that go up and down the spine sending messages back and forth to the brain. The brain is composed of three sections: the hindbrain, the midbrain, and the forebrain. The hindbrain includes the cerebellum, the ponds, and the medulla. The midbrain includes the tegmentum and the tectum. Lastly, the forebrain includes the cerebrum, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus. The hindbrain is an area of the brain that coordinates information coming in and out of the spinal cord. It controls the most basic functions of life such as respiration, and our motor skills. There are three structures that make up the hindbrain: the medulla, the cerebellum, and the pons. The medulla is located just above the spinal...
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...Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric condition affecting about 2% of the population. Subjects with OCD typically suffer from recurring intrusive, unsettling thoughts and repetitive, ritualistic behaviors. This essay discusses the neuroanatomical, neurophysiological and neural psychological aspects of obsessive compulsive disorder. A range of studies have identified several regions within the brain thought to contribute to the disorder including the orbitofrontal cortex, important in reward based learning, the anterior cingulate cortex, important in error detection, the basal nuclei, involved in motor control, and the thalamus, involved in processing and relaying sensory information. These regions form part of larger neural circuits which could be responsible for the disorder. OCD causes a number of cognitive deficits in its sufferers, from problems in self-perception and regulation to memory and planning deficits. The Neuroanatomical, Neurophysiological and Neuropsychological aspects of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric disorder thought to affect between 2% to 3% of the population (Koprivovaa et al., 2011) marked, as its name suggests, by recurrent intrusive thoughts which produce anxiety usually with repetitive ritualistic behaviors intended to reduce or neutralize this anxiety. Compulsive actions can include checking, counting or repetition, ordering and symmetry, washing, and hoarding (Neel, Stevens and Stewart 2002). Common...
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...Bioloical and psychology essay psy 340 wk 1 individual assignment Biopsychological Essay Biological psychology is combining psychology with biology and studying what kind of impact biology plays in our behavior. In other words, how does the physical brain affect our psychological behavior? It is a biological approach to the study of psychology. This has also been referred to as psychobiology, behavioral biology, or behavioral neuroscience Biopsychology did not develop into a discipline o f its own until the 20th century. While the exact date s not clear, in 1949 the publication of “The Organization of Behavior” by D.O. Hebb. This publication was significant in its emergence in bringing biopsychology to the forefront of study. In this book Hebb's theory was about the complex psychology such as perceptions, emotions, thoughts, and memories might have a strong influence from actual brain activity. Hebb based his theories on experiments of humans and laboratory animals, clinical case studies, logical arguments, and his own observations of daily life. To go back even further, we can look at Aristotle, or Plato. While it may not have been considered as a study of it’s own, we should not forget their early contributions. It is the very beginning of taking a look at the brain as the key to all thoughts, behaviors, and philosophical thoughts. Aristotle looked at the brain in ways that were not yet considered. Opening a new world of psychology or at least...
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...The Brain and Behavior Essay BEH/225 3/15/2014 Jennifer Reed Did you know that there are four lobes that are within the brain that control the way our behavior is. The frontal lobe and the temporal lobe are the two that we are going to discuss and how they control our behavior. We will also look at what heredity has to do with our behavior and if the lobes were damaged what could the affects be. Broca’s and Wernicke’s had aphesis on the lobes. The frontal lobe is associated with being able to have higher mental abilities and play a role in your sense of self. The frontal lobe is also responsible for the control of movement. The movement comes from the tissue of the rear of the frontal lobe it is called the primary motor area it directs the body’s muscles. The primary motor is one of three actions that the frontal lobe controls. The second one is the mirrors neurons these neurons become active when we perform action. The association area combines and processes information. If there were damage to the left hemisphere may suffer aphasia. The temporal lobes are located on each side of the brain. These lobes are the direct reason why people can hear. Auditory information projects directly to the primary auditory are making it the main site where hearing first registers. The temporal lobe is also responsible for the language that is spoken. If it is damaged the result is a receptive or fluent aphasia. Let’s talk about what is aphasia and why there are two different...
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...when a parent of a child without an ADHD diagnosis is seeking a diagnosis: How to keep parents involved in their child’s learning once the child has been diagnosed by a physician, psychologist, or neuropsychologist: How students are specifically accommodated through the functional organization of the classroom: How students are supported in the delivery of instruction? The importance of a schedule (including how breaks are provided for a child with ADHD): How children with ADHD are encouraged to participate in lessons: A sample of how children are assisted with self-monitoring (e.g. a behavior checklist): A specific example of a brain-based learning strategy that can be used in the classroom: A discussion of information that is used to help students at home (e.g. assignment agenda): Course Home Work, ESE 315 Week 3 Survey, Home Work Tutorials, Home Work Solutions, Home Work Essay, Home Work Questions. Course Home Work is a not for profit organization that aims to provide quality study notes to the students in order to ace their studies. ESE 315 WEEK 3 SURVEY OF EXCEPTIONAL STUDENTS To purchase this, Click here http://www.activitymode.com/product/ese-315-week-3-survey-of-exceptional-students/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM ESE 315 WEEK 3 SURVEY OF EXCEPTIONAL STUDENTS ASSIGNMENT AND PPT PRESENTATION Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ESE 315 Week 3 aims to provide the Steps to follow when a parent of a child without an ADHD diagnosis is seeking...
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...The Brain and Behavior In this paper I will be discussing the contrasting roles of the temporal and frontal lobes on behavior. What types of behaviors the temporal and frontal lobes are responsible for, and finally what can possibly happen if there is any damage within these lobes. According to the Merriam Webster online dictionary, the brain is an “organ of the body in the head that controls functions, movements, sensations, and thoughts.” (Merriam Webster, n.d.) The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain; and is divided into two hemispheres and four different lobes. Each lobe controls many major functions, behaviors, emotions, and feelings that we need and use in our everyday lives. Lobes and What They Control There are four different sections in the brain called lobes, these lobes are called, the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the occipital lobe and finally, the temporal lobe. Each of these lobes has different functions that contribute to the many different behaviors of people. The frontal lobe, also called the cerebral cortex is located at the front of the brain right behind the forehead. This lobe is associated with reasoning, higher level cognitive, motor skills, and expressive language. According to K. L. Hartwig, the frontal lobes of the brain “are the seat of emotions and judgments related to sympathy, which is the ability to feel sorrow for someone else's suffering, and empathy, which the ability to understand another's feelings and problems.”...
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...Origins of Psychology Abstract “Psychology has a long past but only a short history.” This simple almost satirical statement by Hermann Ebbinghaus is key to understanding the history and underpinnings of modern psychology. From a flawed seventh century B.C. experiment by the King of Egypt to Socrates, Plato, Hume, Liebniz, and others, psychology has a very long past but only a short scientific history. Philosophical Background In the seventh century B.C., the King of Egypt conducted what many, including psychology historian Morton Hunt, consider to be the first psychology experiment. Though flawed and rudimentary, the king tested his idea that thoughts and language came from the mind. Although unscientific, the idea of the minds overall ability to do more was put to the test. Socrates (460-399 B.C.) often considered and referred to as a father of philosophy, stated “One thing only I know and that is I know nothing.” This realization came when he concluded that philosophy can only begin when one learns to doubt, particularly the thoughts and ideals that each individual holds dear and sacred. In short, real philosophy cannot start until one’s mind begins to examine itself. Again the mind is central and paramount. To modern psychology he gave the Socratic Method of questioning, which demanded definitions...
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...Nicholas Carr is the author of books concerning technology and culture. One of his most recent bestsellers regarding the topic is his work titled What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains. In the summer of 2008, Carr’s piece, Is Google Making Us Stupid?, was published in The Atlantic Monthly. In this essay, Carr declares that the Internet is altering the way people think (500). Carr writes that the Internet lowers the ability for concentration and consideration (501). He believes the ability to read and understand a lengthy piece of writing has also been practically entirely lost (Carr 501). Carr additionally states that the Internet has severed our capability to interpret text (502). Nicholas Carr backs up his claims with personal experience, personal opinions, quoting authorities, and referring to research that has been done on the topic. With his presentation of evidence, along with his unbiased language, I believe Carr is effective in supporting his claim. Even though Carr is writing about the negative effects of the Internet on our brains, he is not against technology or the Internet. He demonstrates this by saying “the Web has been a godsend to me as a writer. Research that once required days in the stacks or periodical rooms of libraries can now be done in minutes” (Carr 501). Carr also acknowledges that “the advantages of having immediate access to such an incredibly rich store of information are many” (501). With these mentions, he does not seem to be biased and completely...
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...The Brain and Behavior Essay The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate. The function of the brain is to exert centralized control over the other organs in the body. Contrasting the roles of behavior of the temporal and frontal lobe seems to be quite interesting. Temporal lobe is one of four major lobes of the cerebral cortex. This particular lobe is responsible for the retention of the visual memories, processing sensory, comprehending language, storing and emotions. The frontal lobe is located in the front of the brain. It contains most of the dopamine sensitive neurons in the cerebral cortex. It has similarities of the temporal lobe. Some of the behaviors that the frontal lobe is responsible for are conscious thought, voluntary movement and a person individual personality characteristics. Any damages to either frontal can cause a change in a person’s emotions, they become less motivated to do anything and they become very aggressive in their behavior. Paul Broca did a study that involved language in 1861.His first studied was a deceased patient that had a problem that caused him not to speak nor express his thoughts in writing. He came to find out the he had a small size lesion on the left inferior frontal cortex. After several other studies he discovered that they all had a small lesion and this is when he made the statement “We speak with the left hemisphere” and identify the existence of a “language centre” in the posterior portion...
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