...Jea Yoon Han HI331 Prof. Curley November 3rd, 2014 The Empire of Good Intention The video, The Empire of Good Intentions, presents a complete account of the idealistic British Empire’s presence in India. Simon Schama reveals the fundamental aspects of governing principles of the Empire in India. He shows the effect of the free market economies and the liberal politics on the presence and the influence of British Empire in India. Some transformational occurrences in India such as the mutiny and Irish Potato Famine are greatly highlighted. As a result, the attempts of Britain to civilize Indians and simultaneously transform them into British people through education and legal reforms are the main points demonstrated in the video. The video indicates the way, in which the noble principles of the British Empire were not appropriate for handling the situations in India. Although the empire was supposed to provide benefits associated with Western civilization, the inhabitants of Ireland and India endured poverty because of the laissez faire economic policy. The lack of religious sensitivity, famine and mutiny resulted in the conflict between Indians and Britons. Moreover, the great Irish potato famines led to mass migration from Ireland to New Zealand, Australia, Canada and America. According to Simon Schama, Britain witnessed the establishment of the liberalism ideology and fast development of political institutions in the mid-19th century. As Britain continually developed...
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...Male Relationships throughout the British Empire: Persistent Struggles with Race, Sexuality and Cultural Identity Throughout its global dominance, leaders of the British Empire supported English superiority in colonized regions. This made relationships between English men and men from colonies extremely difficult, and often risky, to develop. In order to maintain unity and authority, British men identified with one another and supported the discrimination of colonized men. Exceptions to this social routine are evident with characters from Mangal Pandey: The Rising, A Passage to India, and My Beautiful Laundrette. In Mangal Pandey, Pandey and Officer Gordon develop a unique relationship that is often tested by the lack of respect for Indian customs by the British. A Passage to India shows the relationship between Dr. Aziz and Mr. Fielding, which demonstrates the complications of maintaining English identity without succumbing to the exploitation of Indians. A homosexual relationship between Omar and Johnny during the Thatcher Era in Britain is shown in My Beautiful Laundrette. Although the first two films are set in colonized India, they both draw parallels to the difficulties of having a biracial male relationship during post-colonial England. My Beautiful Laundrette also uses the most fascinating cinematic craft to portray male bonding by using unique camera angles and shots in combination with a relevant soundtrack. Based on historical events, Mangal Pandey encompasses...
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...Rudyard Kipling describes how the British intervene into other countries for the sole purpose of increasing their own economy. In the poem, the British are shown to feel that it is their moral obligation “To seek another’s profit, And work another’s gain” (Kipling, 11. 15-16). This stanza shows the British taking advantage over the countries whom they are supposedly “helping”. Instead of assisting other countries, Britain takes control of the specific factories in each country that can increase Britain’s economy when its good are exported back to Britain. Similarly, in the novel Nectar in a Sieve, Markandaya shows how a British tannery in an Indian village made lots of money for the British back home. According to Rukmani, “It was a great sprawling growth, this tannery. It grew and flourished and spread” (Markandaya 47). The tannery greatly influenced the local Indians living there and it acted as a great way to make loads of money from the Indians. Soon, the British working in the tannery were able to get Indians to work at the factory and this allowed them to make high-profit margins as they were selling their products for high amounts while paying their Indian workers minimally. Both the poem and the novel show imperialists dominating other countries’ economy and taking over their jobs. “The White Man’s Burden” poem shows how imperialists benefit from the work that others have done. This ties in with the evidence from the novel because the British tannery owner did not do any work;...
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...shift from land based trade to maritime trade and the development of new political administration techniques that began a domineering European presence in Asia. These two changes led directly to the Age of Exploration and the Columbian Exchange which dominated the majority of the time period. Meanwhile, the presence of cultural diffusion and cultural borrowing remained a continuity throughout both Asia and Europe. These changes and continuities throughout the period would serve to augment the course of history for many years to come. One of the main distinguishing changes for...
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...Origins The geographical location of Balochistan as the farthest Western corner of the subcontinent grants it its unique cultural and historical attributes. Though touched by the trails of many great conquerors over the centuries, the rugged terrain has yielded very few archaeological traces of their presence. Yet Balochistan is home to the pre-Indus civilization at Mehrgarh. In 1979 archaeologists found evidence of sedentary settlements deemed to stretch back as far as the Stone Age (70,000 to 7,000 BC) along the west bank of the Bolan River on the plains of Kachhi, roughly 30 km from the town of Sibi. Balochistan Map Balochistan map 1905 (Rumsey Map Collection) Early history Balochistan is splayed across the border with Iran, and historically there has been a strong connection with the Persian Empire. Aside from speculation that the Balochi language belongs to the Indo-Iranian family of languages, the Makran Coast was conquered by Cyrus the Great in the sixth century BC and was ruled by the Persian Empire till Alexander passed through in 330 BC, passing power on to Greco-Bactrian kings. Balochistan was also ruled by the Paratarajas Dynasty of Indo-Scythians from roughly the first till the third century AD, as evidenced by coins bearing the Brahmi swastika found in the Loralai area of Balochistan. Till the Arab conquest, Balochistan was ruled by the Central Asian Sakas who came to the region by way of Helmand, introducing a Buddhist influence that was not challenged...
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...How far do you agree with the view that strategic factors were the main reason in expanding the British Empire? It could be rightfully said that strategic factors where one of the main reasons for the expansion of the British Empire. However it could as well be argued that Britain had other motives for expanding their empire, such as for their own economic gain or because of their belief of self-superiority. It could be argued that strategic factors were a reason in expanding the British Empire. Prior to 1869 there was no expansionist intent however in 1869 when the French had built the Suez Canal, the canal attracted Britain as it represented a vital trade route to India and was of extreme importance strategically. was a country of economic interest and they had to control the canal as a means of protecting India and all of its economic advantages Britain This gave Egypt economic importance and the government devolved into British hands Furthermore it following the nationalist riots led by colonel Arabi, Egyptian nationalism began to emerge. Egypt was part of the Turkish Empire and Egyptians began to want freedom from the Turkish. Britain feared if they were to free themselves from Turkish rule they would form alliances with other European countries, minimising Britain’s influence. Although this could be said that this was a political reason why they expanded into North Africa Additionally strategic factors were Britain’s main reason for expansion in the south Following...
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...sepoys of the East India Company's army on 10 May 1857, in the cantonment of the town of Meerut, and soon escalated into other mutinies and civilian rebellions largely in the upper Gangetic plain and central India, with the major hostilities confined to present-day Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, northern Madhya Pradesh, and the Delhi region.[3] The rebellion posed a considerable threat to East India Company power in that region,[4] and was contained only with the fall of Gwalior on 20 June 1858.[3] The rebellion is also known as India's First War of Independence, the Great Rebellion, the Indian Rebellion, the Indian Mutiny, the Revolt of 1857, the Rebellion of 1857, the Uprising of 1857, the Sepoy Rebellion and the Sepoy Mutiny. Other regions of Company-controlled India, such as Bengal, the Bombay Presidency, and the Madras Presidency, remained largely calm.[3] In Punjab, the Sikh princes backed the Company by providing soldiers and support.[3] The large princely states of Hyderabad, Mysore, Travancore, and Kashmir, as well as the smaller ones of Rajputana, did not join the rebellion.[5] In some regions, such as Oudh, the rebellion took on the attributes of a patriotic revolt against European presence.[6] Maratha leaders, such as Lakshmibai, the Rani of Jhansi, became folk heroes in the nationalist movement in India half a century later;[3] however, they themselves "generated no coherent ideology" for a new order.[7] The rebellion led to the dissolution of the East India Company in 1858...
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...In 1900, India was part of the British Empire; but by the end of 1947, India had achieved independence. For most of the Nineteenth Century, India was ruled by the British. India was considered the jewel in the crown of the British Empire. Queen Victoria had been made Empress of India and the British had a major military presence in India. Indian nationals had no say in central government and even at a local level, their influence on policy and decision making was minimal. In 1885, educated middle class nationals had founded the Indian National Conference (INC). Their aim was to get a much greater say in the way India was governed. In response to this development, the Morley-Minto reforms were introduced in 1909. Morley was the Secretary of State for India and Lord Morley was Viceroy of India. Their reforms lead to each province in India having its own governor and Indian nationals were allowed to sit on the councils which advised these governors. After 1918, nationalism within India intensified. This was probably due to 2 reasons: 1. Many educated nationals in India were far from satisfied with the Morley-Minto reforms. White Englishmen still dominated India and there had been no real decrease in their power or increase in national power. The INC (Indian National Council) wanted a lot more. 2. Woodrow Wilson had stimulated the minds of many people with his belief in national self-determination – i.e. that people from a country had a right to govern themselves...
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...America was still under the rule of the British crown. Colonists, deeply upset over “Taxation without representation” chose to do something about it. On December 16, 1773, a group of men disguised as Native Americans boarded ships and dumped entire shipments of tea into Boston harbor. Although this is as deep as knowledge of the Boston Tea Party goes for some, the real reasons the Boston Tea Party occurred were vastly more complex. You could pin the blame simply to the Tea Act of 1773, or you could broadly state “taxes” as the cause. But truly, these things, along with a few other stressors, working in tandem, were responsible for the Boston Tea Party. To really understand the events which occurred, one must know about the mercantile system. According to Accountingtools.com, The mercantile system is a system of managing the...
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...Globalization on India Sabrina Mallavarapu University of Maryland, College Park Impact of Economic Globalization on India Many people fail to realize that it was only 69 years ago that India gained independence from British rule. India is generally thought of as very poor country but it is because it is still a new country. India has undergone major socio-economic changes since its independence from Great Britain. While India did not fair well under Great Britain’s rule, India benefitted from Britain in terms of creating an infrastructure and industry that is still in use today. While India still has many problems, India has benefitted from economic globalization because it has resulted in major economic growth that led to it having the fastest growing GDP of any nation. With the power of the East India Trading Company, the British already had control of several ports, as the company had been a major presence in India since the 1600s, even with the Mughal Empire ruling India. The British had immense power in India’s economy, creating settlements known as Madras, Bombay, and Calcutta, which are now major modern cities in India. Britain’s military power led to its ability to have a monopoly on trade, but also later establish their rule in India. In the early 1700s, South Asia saw the decline of the Mughal Empire as it weakened from repeated wars, rebellions, and invasions (Embree, 2006). India was fighting the remnants of the Mughal Empire when the British saw their chance...
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...the 31st December 1898, when he arrived in Calcutta. Curzon differed from previous viceroys, as he was not reluctant to play the position of viceroy in India, but was actually eager to partake in this opportunity. Many factors contributed to his eager attitude to becoming viceroy, like the fact that he had always been interested in Indian history and his fascination of travelling also played a part in his desire to become viceroy, so much so that he described it as ‘ the greatest of his various ambitions’. Curzon had two terms as viceroy that were overall quite successful, however due to controversial and failed policies that he embarked upon in his second term , his reputation and legacy was severely damaged. He also contributed to the corrupt reputation of the British rule and as a result of Curzon’s failed policies, many campaigns were triggered and after 50 years, it would lead to the independence of India. Curzon’s desire to become viceroy and his well-travelled nature meant that he was able to gain a better insight into the culture and lives of the Indians. As a result of the Indian mutiny, queen victoria made it clear in the royal proclamation that the British viceroys were to serve the interests and care for her Indian subjects, as well as keeping out external threats and remaining in control of uprising within India. For this reasons it may be argued by some historians, that Curzon was a success because of his clarity when it came to problem solving and his willingness...
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...INTRODUCTION INDUSTRY PROFILE Ashok Leyland is a commercial vehicle manufacturing company based in Chennai, India. Founded in 1948, the company is one of India's leading manufacturers of commercial vehicles, such as trucks and buses, as well as emergency and military vehicles. Operating six plants, Ashok Leyland also makes spare parts and engines for industrial and marine applications. It sells about 60,000 vehicles and about 7,000 engines annually. It is the second largest commercial vehicle company in India in the medium and heavy commercial vehicle (M&HCV) segment with a market share of 28% (2007-08). With passenger transportation options ranging from 19 seaters to 80 seaters, Ashok Leyland is a market leader in the bus segment. The company claims to carry over 60 million passengers a day, more people than the entire Indian rail network. In the trucks segment Ashok Leyland primarily concentrates on the 16 ton to 25 ton range of trucks. However Ashok Leyland has presence in the entire truck range starting from 7.5 tons to 49 tons. The joint venture announced with Nissan Motors of Japan would improve its presence in the Light Commercial Vehicle (LCV) segment (<7.5 tons). Type : public Industry : automotive Founded : 1948 Head quarters :chennai, India Key people : R.Seshasayee, R.J. Shahaney, S.P. Hinduja, D.G. Hinduja Vinod Dasari Products :Automobiles , Engines. Revenue :US$ 1.4 billion(2008-09) Employees :11,500 Parent : Hinduja group Subsidiaries : Ennore...
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...The Consequences of an oppressive British Imperialist system and its effect on the psyche of the Indian Population Presented by: Renato Abate / #0530456 Presented to: Diane Labross 300-301-LA: Integration Seminar in the Social Sciences Tuesday, November 6th, 2007 The existence of vast imperial strength and its steady maintenance has always been attributed with a tyrannical system of government accompanied by an oppressive method of control over the native population from the days of expansion of the Roman Empire in Europe or the Qing Dynasty in China. The use of excessive force and the application of various methods of segregation which limit revolt have always been viewed as a necessary means to maintain order among enormous populations that inhabit regions all over the globe. The British Empire was able to utilize such methods during its extensive domination of the Indian subcontinent and reap the financial and material benefits from the mid seventeenth century with the founding of the East India Trading Company until the establishment of Indian independence in 1947. However, the use of these methods over many generations brought about the unified will to revolt among the Indian population, provoked by the negative psychological strain which stems from an extensive period of suppression. The discussion relates to the unvarying inability of an occupying nation to install a foreign government that attempts to preserve social stability over native inhabitants through...
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...By the early 18th century, the British East India Company had a strong presence in India with the three main stations of Fort St. George in Madras, Fort William in Calcutta and Bombay Castle in western India. These stations were independent presidencies governed by a President and a Council, appointed by the Court of Directors in England. The British adopted a policy of allying themselves with various princes and Nawabs, promising security against usurpers and rebels. The Nawabs often gave them concessions in return for the security. By then, all rivalry had ceased between the British East India Company and the Dutch or Portuguese. The French had also established an East India Company under Louis XIV and had two important stations in India – Chandernagar in Bengal and Pondicherry on the Carnatic coast, both governed by the presidency of Pondicherry. The French were a late comer in India trade, but they quickly established themselves in India and were poised to overtake Britain for control.[2][3] The Carnatic Wars The War of the Austrian Succession marked the beginning of the power struggle between Britain and France and of European military ascendancy and political intervention in the Indian subcontinent. In September 1746, Mahé de La Bourdonnais landed off Madras with a naval squadron and laid siege to the port city. The defences of Madras were weak and the garrison sustained a bombardment of three days before surrendering. The terms of the surrender agreed by Bourdonnais provided...
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...industry analysts, some of the issues that could trouble Tata Motors were economic slowdown in European and American markets, funding risks, currency risks etc. Acquisition of Jaguar and Land Rover provides the company with a strategic opportunity to acquire iconic brands with a great heritage and global presence, and increase the company’s business diversity across markets and product segments.- Tata Motors, in April 2008. “If they run the brands as a British company and invest properly in new product, it will be successful because they are still attractive brands.”- Charles Hughes, Founder, Brand Rules LLC, in 2008. “Market conditions are now extremely tough, especially in the key US market, and the Tatas will need to invest in a lot of brand building to make and keep JLR profitable.”- Ian Gomes, Global Head, Emerging Markets, KPMG, in 2008. Acquisition of British Icons On June 02, 2008, India-based Tata Motors completed the acquisition of the Jaguar and Land Rover (JLR) units from the US-based auto manufacturer Ford Motor Company (Ford) for US$ 2.3 billion, on a cash free-debt free basis. JLR was a part of Ford’s Premier Automotive Group (PAG) and were considered to be British icons. Jaguar was involved in the manufacture of high-end luxury cars, while Land Rover manufactured high-end SUVs. Forming a part of the purchase consideration were JLR’s manufacturing plants, two advanced design centers in the UK, national sales companies spanning across the world, and also licenses...
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