...requisite degree of transparency. Demutualised exchanges will be forced to account to their shareholders regarding the bottom line as well as corporate governance. Secondly, there will be more investor participation. The new corporation will be more profit orientated due to shareholder accountability. Unlike a mutual structure where often only broker-dealers maybe members, a demutualised exchange affords both institutional and retail investors the opportunity to become shareholders. A demutualised exchange will have greater flexibility to accommodate the needs of institutional investors as customers, and potentially, as owners. Thirdly, it is the resources for capital investment. A competitive stock exchange must be able to respond quickly to global competitive forces and technological advances. With the capital raised from initial public offerings or private investment and a heightened awareness of accountability to stakeholders, a stock exchange should have both the incentive and the resources to invest in the competitiveness of its information systems. So to be competitive, products and services must not only be timely and cost effective, but also reliable. The second part of the structural changes needs to be at the SEC of Bangladesh. The fundamental issue here is: what is the regulator doing to help minimise risk for the investors? The absolute minimum the SEC can ensure is to have risk minimising tools. As a first step...
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...-plums and lemons- assuming everything is a lemon or bad 5. When can privileged information be use legally -making the information public before using it 6. What is the basic premise of AIH -suppose some people have access to pockets of information concerning the true value and risk of assets while others do not 7. What resource is available for investors harmed by insider trading - 8. What is the primary market * It is for trading new securities * Raising capital to support in new investment in buildings, equipment and inventories 9. What is the most important financial asset in the economy -income? money 10. What is the secondary market * Deals in securities previously issued * Function is to provide liquidity to security investors 11. What are secondary securities? * Issued by financial intermediaries include such familiar instruments as checking and saving accounts * Low risk of default * Acquired in small denomination 12. Which markets make up to circular diagram? * Money and capital market 13. Which sector of economy is usually deficit budget sector? * Ultimate borrowers? 14. Which sector of economy is usually surplus budget sector? * Ultimate lenders? 15. How to express a deficit unit and a surplus unit in Gurley-Shaw equoation? * Deficit: Revenue< expense, financial asset decreased, debt increased * Surplus: Revenue> expense, financial asset increased, debt decreased ...
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...INTRODUCTION TO CAPITAL MARKETS What is investment banking? Investment banks act as intermediaries in capital markets, helping the matching of sellers and buyers of various securities and advising institutional investors, government and companies on their investment strategies, on their financing needs (helping them to raise money) and their acquisitions. Two main areas: (1) Securities or capital markets divisions: trading in the equity, fixed income ,FX and commodities markets and advising and intermediating for institutional investors in those markets. (2) Corporate Finance and public finance (often referred to as investment banking) advising corporations and governments on their financing needs, including the underwriting of securities, on their merger and acquisition activities, or on their restructuring. Securities and capital markets divisions Clients are usually * Institutional investors, corporates or public entities, not private clients; * Mutual funds asset managers; * Pension Fund asset managers; * The insurance companies; * Private Banks; * Hedge Funds; * The treasury departments of large banks or large companies. Capital markets divisions * Equity division: equity research, equity sales, equity trading on cash, flow derivatives and structured products * FIRC or FICC (Fixed Income, currencies and derivatives): * Fixed income cash products, interest and credit derivatives...
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...Accounting and capital markets: a survey of the European evidence Dumontier, Pascal & Raffournier, Bernard Introduction The relationship between accounting information and capital markets has been studied a great deal especially in the US. However such research hasn’t been done in Europe and the purpose of Dumontier’s and Raffjournier’s article is to study the corresponding evidence in Europe. The reason why the topic has been interesting enough to conduct innumerable studies in the US during the past decades is that regarding capital markets accounting data are supposed to facilitate the prediction of firms’ future cash flows and help investors asses future securities’ risk and returns. The aim of the studies has been to help determine to what extend this objective of exploiting the accounting data was achieved. Theory and literature review Through their research, Dumontier and Raffournier were able to find different categories of how the relationship between accounting information and capital markets has been investigated in the European literature. Firstly, the primary objective of capital market research has been to assess whether accounting data provide value-relevant information to investors, incremental to all other sources of publicly available information. Through studies of the impact of accounting disclosures on stock returns or trading volumes it has been able to show clear market reactions to accounting announcements that have been detected in all European...
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...Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and Hard-Work!!! Win by fortune and...
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...OUTLINE Capital Market Management I. Course Number: FM 6 Credit: 3 units II. Course Title: Capital Market Management Pre-Requisite: FM2, FM4 III. Course Description: This course focuses on Capital Market Theory, its efficiency and implications. It establishes its coherence with the rest of the financial institutions within the financial environment. The course also deals with the relationship of the financial market with the government and how the latter stands a powerful influential tool. The course likewise attempts to develop the analytical ability of the students through various financial case presentations. IV. Course Objectives: At the end of the course, the students should be able to: 1. Discuss the concepts of Capital Market Theory. 2. Explain the role of Participants in capital markets 3. Know the legal and regulatory framework affecting the development Capital Markets 4. Analyze the impact and implication of Capital Market in the financial environment. 5. Develop appropriate values like frugality and care in making investment 6. Examine the role of government explain how some economic activities affect the capital market. 7. Evaluate the relevance of Capital Market in today’s business society. V. Course Outline No. of Hours A. Overview of Financial Market 13.5 1. Why Study Financial Markets? 2. Classifications and Functions of Financial Markets 3. ...
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...Capital market is one of the most important segments of the Indian financial system. It is the market available to the companies for meeting their requirements of the long-term funds. It refers to all the facilities and the institutional arrangements for borrowing and lending funds. In other words, it is concerned with the raising of money capital for purposes of making long-term investments. The market consists of a number of individuals and institutions (including the Government) that canalise the supply and demand for long -term capital and claims on it. The demand for long term capital comes predominantly from private sector manufacturing industries, agriculture sector, trade and the Government agencies. While, the supply of funds for the capital market comes largely from individual and corporate savings, banks, insurance companies, specialised financing agencies and the surplus of Governments. The Indian capital market is broadly divided into the gilt-edged market and the industrial securities market. ▪ The gilt-edged market refers to the market for Government and semi-government securities, backed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). Government securities are tradeable debt instruments issued by the Government for meeting its financial requirements. The term gilt-edged means 'of the best quality'. This is because the Government securities do not suffer from risk of default and are highly liquid (as they can be easily sold in the market at their current price). The open...
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...A PROJECT ON CAPITAL MARKET GUIDE CERTIFICATE It is hereby certified that the project report on “CAPITAL MARKET”, being submitted by Shelly jumba student of the degree of Master of Business Administration (3rd Sem) of CT Institute of Management and Information Technology, Jalandhar which affiliated to Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar is an original work carried out successfully under my guidance and supervision and that no part of this project has been submitted for any other degree/ diploma. The sincerely efforts put in during the course of investigation is hereby acknowledged. Project guide Miss Shivani jagneja Lect. CTIM& IT DECLARATION This project entitled Empirical Study on “CAPITAL MARKET” is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of degree of master of business administration of Punjab technical university, Jalandhar. .This research work has been done only for MBA only and none of this research work has been submitted for any other degree. The assistance and help during the execution of the project has been fully acknowledged. PREFACE The successful completion of this project was a unique experience for us because by visiting many place and interacting various person, I achieved a better knowledge about this project. The experience which I gained by doing this project was essential at this turning point of my carrier this project is being submitted which content detailed analysis of the research under taken by me...
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...CONTEXT 1.0 Introduction Capital Market mainly refers to the Stock and Share market of the country. When banking system cannot totally meet up the need for funds to the market economy, capital market stands up to supplement it. Companies and the government can raise funds for long-term investments via the capital market. The capital market includes the stock market, the bond market, and the primary market. Securities trading on organized capital markets are monitored by the government; new issues are approved by authorities of financial supervision and monitored by participating banks. Thus, organized capital markets are able to guarantee sound investment opportunities. This paper reveals the various aspects of the Capital Market in Bangladesh. 1.1 Objectives Capital market, being an essential element of today’s economy, demands an intensive and special attention. The objective of this study is to look into every aspect of Bangladesh capital market and identify its various pros and cons along with some recommendations to overcome the existing problems. The specific objectives of this study are: To give an overall idea about the capital market-its structures, functions, importance, etc. To identify the current situations of our capital market of Bangladesh. To compare the relative conditions of Bangladesh capital market to other countries of the world. To sort out the problems associated with our capital market. To suggest some practicable solutions to these problems...
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...RECENT TRENDS IN CAPITAL MARKET OF BANGLADESH: CRITICAL EVALUATION OF REGULATION by Syed Golam Shahjarul Alam A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Professional Master in Banking and Finance Examination Committee: Dr. Sundar Venkatesh (Chairperson) Dr. Winai Wongsurawat Dr. Yuosre Badir Nationality: Previous Degree: Bangladeshi Master of Business Administration University of Dhaka Dhaka, Bangladesh Bangladesh Bank (Central Bank of Bangladesh) Scholarship Donor: Asian Institute of Technology School of Management Thailand May2012 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My greatest Gratitude is given to Dr. Sundar Venkatesh, my project advisor, for his deep insight in capital market, which helped me to accomplish the project paper. His dedication towards teaching, motivating and supervising influenced me greatly, leading to do my project work carefully and seriously. I wish to express my deepest gratitude and appreciation to Bangladesh Bank, My office, for granting me a scholarship, to pursue my Masters in banking and finance. I express my gratitude and deepest appreciation to my friend Ms. Senjuti binte rafiq, My Colleagues in Bangladesh Bank and DSE Library staffs who helped me by providing valuable suggestions and necessary data for my analysis. I am very much thankful to Dr. Winai Wongsurawat and Dr. Juthathip Jongwanich for their valuable suggestions regarding my project. I express my gratitude and deepest appreciation to Ms...
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...Chapter 1: The Capital Market [Simplified CSC Notes] • Capital is not what you make but what you keep • Wealth is savings, capital comes from savings • Savers: Individuals, corporations, governments • You can take your savings and go into Direct Investments (like property, equipment, infrastructure) - these are called real assets • Or you can take your savings into Indirect Investments (like stocks; we buy share of a company and we give company the money, bonds; we lend money to companies and governments, GIC; we leave money with the bank and the bank pays us a level of interest) - these are called financial assets/ claims • Bonds are claims against asset • The money we give to users, they give us one of these claims (financial assets), they take the money and invest in real assets, so we buy a stock of the company that buys apartment buildings. Either way we're still investing in apartment buildings, directly we own the real thing and indirectly have a financial claim on the real thing 3 Characteristics of Capital: 1) It is mobile - it can travel anywhere in the world 2) Sensitive to the environment - if you're in an area with high taxes you can move to an area with low taxes. If you're in an area with low interest rates, low returns you can move to an area with high interest rates, high returns to get a better yield 3) Scarce - you have so much of it • The only source of capital is savers. If somebody can't save, they have no investment potential • Savers...
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...investors to hedge particular sources of risk more efficiently. 2. Securitization requires access to a large number of potential investors. To attract these investors, the capital market needs: 1. a safe system of business laws and low probability of confiscatory taxation/regulation; 2. a well-developed investment banking industry; 3. a well-developed system of brokerage and financial transactions, and; 4. well-developed media, particularly financial reporting. These characteristics are found in (indeed make for) a well-developed financial market. 3. Securitization leads to disintermediation; that is, securitization provides a means for market participants to bypass intermediaries. For example, mortgage-backed securities channel funds to the housing market without requiring that banks or thrift institutions make loans from their own portfolios. As secur itization progresses, financial intermediaries must increase other activities such as providing short-term liquidity to consumers and small business, and financial services. 4. Financial assets make it easy for large firms to raise the capital needed to finance their investments in real assets. If Ford, for example, could not issue stocks or bonds to the general public, it would have a far more difficult time raising capital. Contraction of the supply of financial assets would make financing more difficult, thereby increasing...
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...Introduction: The capital market is the engine of growth for an economy, and performs a crucial role in acting as an intermediary between savers and companies seeking additional financing for business expansion. Stock market is part & parcel of capital market. Contribution of any stock exchange generally leads to economic growth by increasing the funds to finance industry and other enterprise. Stock Exchange is an autonomous body formed by shareholders/members. It can take various decisions independently. The objective of Stock Exchange is to provide a market place along with facilities for bringing together the buyers and sellers of securities, promote just and equitable principles of trade, protect the interest of the investors. Definition of ‘Dhaka Stock Exchange – DSE’ The financial marketplace headquartered in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The Dhaka Stock Exchange was incorporated in 1954, and formal trading began in 1956. Originally, the exchange was called the East Pakistan Stock Exchange Association Ltd, and in 1962 the name was revised to East Pakistan Stock Exchange Ltd. Importance of the study: Trading system is one of the most important functions of stock market operation. This report tries to find out the trading system of Dhaka stock exchange. Stock market is an essential part of capital market. Trading has now become automated, led by the Dhaka Stock Exchange through the central depository. In the present automated trading environment, bids/offers, depth, and required...
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...exchanges is attributable to the difference between the US and Israeli Capital markets Law, and that law really matters. Do you agree with Ariel Yehezkel? Why does law matter? Introduction: Capital market is a market where buyers and sellers engage in trade of financial securities like bonds, stocks, etc. The buying/selling is undertaken by participants such as individuals and institutions. Capital markets help channelise surplus funds from savers to institutions which then invest them into productive use. Generally, this market trades mostly in long-term securities. The capital market efficiency is usually determined by how well the regulatory measures are defined since for there to be a proper functioning capital markets there has to be factors such as integrity and transparency as well as accountability. The law has been known to be the best institution to provide a mechanism that ensures the factors are well enhanced as well as promoted. Why the law matters The significance of protecting the proper functioning of markets has long been recognized and the law is deemed to be a proper tool to achieve this. The importance of protection of protecting the markets as opposed to the individuals within it has also been recognized and legislative intervention is justified. It is important to highlight the extent to which the law has been considered to be of great importance in many jurisdictions in that capital markets are regulated at two levels, namely; Self-regulation by self-regulatory...
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...financial institution’s capital position and financial condition or have not been identified to the extent that the situation represents an unsafe and unsound banking practice. Determination of whether the institution’s risk-management system can measure and control its risks is of particular importance. The primary components of a sound risk-management process are a comprehensive risk-measurement approach; a detailed structure of limits, guidelines, and other parameters used to govern risk taking; and a strong management information system for monitoring and reporting risks. These components are fundamental to both trading and nontrading activities. Moreover, the underlying risks associated with these activities, such as market, credit, liquidity, operations, and legal risks, are not new to banking, although their measurement can be more complex for trading activities than for lending activities. Accordingly, the process of risk management for capitalmarkets and trading activities should be integrated into the institution’s overall riskmanagement system to the fullest extent possible using a conceptual framework common to the financial institution’s other business activities. Such a common framework enables the institution to consolidate risk exposure more effectively, especially since the various individual risks involved in capital-markets and trading activities can be interconnected and may transcend specific markets. The examiner must apply...
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