...KIN 312M – Management of Physical Activity & Sport Programs Spring 2015 Study Guide - Exam 2 About the exam: The exam will consist of multiple choice, true-false questions, and matching questions just like the format of Exam 1. The exam will be worth 15% of your grade, calculated out of a total of 50 points possible. You will have 2 hours to complete the exam. NOTE: You are responsible for ALL lectures and ALL reading materials in this section, regardless of whether or not it was discussed in class. Exam 2 will cover chapters 6-9, 12, 13. Lecture: PROFESSIONAL SPORT Reading: CHAPTER 9 • Explain the history of pro sport • Describe 4 features that make pro sport unique from other business • Define “league think” • Explain a collective bargaining agreement and the three basic rights of labor agreements • Define free agency and explain its effect on pro sport • Explain a salary cap and why it is applied in pro sport • Describe the player draft and explain why its used • Describe the role of the media in pro sport; explain its impact on the different leagues • Identify and explain potential revenue sources for pro sport • Explain the future challenges for pro sport managers Lecture: INTERCOLLEGIATE SPORT Reading: CHAPTER 8 • Explain the origins/development of college sport • Identify the different governing bodies in college sport (in particular, the NCAA & its divisions) • Describe the purpose and function of athletic conferences • Describe the purpose of...
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...Tainted Idols In today’s society the use of drugs to enhance one’s performance is becoming a common trend in professional sports. These drugs help athletes to compete at a higher level. Not only do these professional athletes break many records and win trophies, they are making more money than ones who choose not to use performance enhancing drugs. Since salaries have increased in professional sports, so has the use of these drugs. While performance enhancing drugs were apparent in the past, they have become increasingly evident in the modern era, tainting the integrity of professional sports. The use of performance enhancing drugs has been around for many years. In World War II these drugs were given to German soldiers to increase their strength and aggressiveness (Edwards, 2006). However, these drugs became evident in the 1960 Olympic Games after a Dutch cyclist died. In 1963, a ban was placed on a list of prohibited drugs by the International Olympic Committee to prevent performance enhancing drugs from being used in sports. This list of prohibited drugs has grown substantially since (King, 2009). Even though there is growing evidence of serious health risk that come along with the use of performance enhancing drugs, they are still being produced and used at a rapid rate. Others would argue that use of performance enhancing drugs dates back thousands of years. There are stories of athletes ingesting ground horse hooves and sheep testicles for ancient Olympic Games to gain...
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...Salaries of Sports Athletes The world of sports is a multimillion dollar industry. Around the globe, people flock to sporting events or watch their favourite teams faithfully each week on television. As a result, professional sports athletes receive huge salaries – well above, for example, those of doctors, lawyers, teachers or social workers. There is some debate about whether such outrageously high salaries are justified. On the one hand, sport is viewed as a professional career, in which the top players should rightly earn high salaries. Athletes train rigorously from an early age to become peak performers in their field. They face tremendous pressure in each and every game, match or competition. Their personal lives are compromised and they lose all privacy. At the same time, their strong achievements bring honour and attention, not only to themselves, but also to their teams, schools, cities or countries. On the other hand, various professions contribute to making our world run smoothly. Doctors put in at least ten years of grueling study and internship; their work saves lives. Teachers educate and inspire young people to be responsible citizens: their efforts produce the citizens of tomorrow. Social workers rescue individuals facing physical, mental and psychological challenges: their intervention creates safer societies. Yet, professionals in the fields above usually struggle to get by, despite their meaningful and critical contribution to the world. In my view, paying...
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...programs, what services the programs provide to youths and lastly this paper will identify which program of the two is more effective at reducing juvenile crime and why. The two juvenile diversion programs that will be compared in this paper are, Challenge KADS Sports Diversion in Las Vegas, Nevada and the Truancy Diversion Project which is offered in Clark County, Nevada and other participating schools in various counties. Both of these programs target juveniles in hopes of reducing recidivism in the juvenile justice system while providing support and positivity. Challenge KADS which stands for Kids Art of Defense was established in Southern Nevada by the Police Athletic League in October of 1996. This program brings locals and professional athletes together working with at risk youth ranging in ages from 5-17 to promote sportsmanship, fitness, education and training in the Art of Defense through sports of Martial Arts, Boxing, and Wrestling. The PAL, Police Athletic League developed this program to provide youth in Southern Nevada with positive alternatives through community service, athletics and education. This program offers kids not only a positive encounter with law enforcement but also gives them a diversion through sports. This program offers not only the...
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...Sports broadcast journalism is a profession desired by many. It appears to be more competitive than ever before, especially as a profession for women. It looks like a glamorous career for women because they are traveling from one sporting event to another, meeting athletes, and reporting on the sideline during games. So, as we see an increase in women striving to become sports broadcast journalist, as well as the number of women seen and heard reporting sports, it is a challenge today as it was over a decade ago. The issue is whether or not women in sports media are afforded the same opportunities that include prominent positions, reporting male games as well as female games, benefits and salary based on their qualifications and credibility...
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...to create and distribute their own content, which surfaces the threat of the so-called “citizen journalists” to today’s professionals. To compete in such obscurity, trained professionals are investing in multi-skilling, adding to their repertoire to avoid pigeonholing their careers. * Modern day professionals are faced with a plethora of unprecedented challenges, and must constantly evolve and adapt to succeed and excel in a highly competitive media industry. This essay will discuss three of the major problems I, as an aspiring sports journalist, will face as a professional. It will delve into firstly why these issues are important, and what skills and personal characteristics are needed to effectively respond to such challenges. straining today’s professionals with a plethora of unprecedented challenges. In large part, it comes down to 21st century technological developments, like the smart phones for example; as they have completely changed the way we interact with the media. In large part, technological developments have changed our media landscape, with the futures of traditional platforms facing increased financial ambiguity. Such developments, have equipped the modern day consumer with the necessary tools and resources to create and distribute their own content, leading to the rise of the so-called “citizen journalist”. New age media professionals are investing in multi-skilling to separate...
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...Richard Attias Become a fan Email The Development Factor: The Challenge of Sport in the 21st Century Posted: 10/21/2014 8:39 am EDT Updated: 10/29/2014 9:59 Sport occupies a peculiar place in world dynamics in that it surpasses the limitations of geographical boundaries and social classes. Still, a gap remains between developed and developing nations when it comes to sport. In the industrialized world, sport as an economic sector represents approximately 2% of GDP. For developing economies, though, the challenge remains making sport a factor of economic development, and a driver for social change, so it benefits all citizens in the long term. UNESCO's 1978 International Charter of Physical Education and Sport classified sport as "a fundamental right for all." But the low place sport occupies in the developing world's priorities shows that its importance as an educational and social tool is not yet universal. Everyone agrees that sport contributes to economic development by creating jobs and stimulating business activity. The organization of a major sporting event, for example, is a great opportunity for the local economy. The thousands of people who attend will spend money on food, lodging, transportation and other, related tourist activities. However, in recent years, we see these economic benefits are obvious only the short term. If we take the example of South Africa in 2010, the positive impact of the World Cup was, in terms of job creation and reduced crime...
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...Nike's San Yin Mei Gets China to Play Sports, Not Just Watch Marketer Takes Long View in Country Where Sports Brands Are More Fashion Than Function By: Normandy Madden Published: August 01, 2013 215share this page San Yin Mei credits her "tough love" upbringing by a Singaporean tiger mother for teaching her early on that failure and risk-taking are necessary elements for success. That advice is serving the grown-up Ms. San more than ever. San Yin Mei The world's largest sporting-goods marketer isn't used to being the underdog, but Nike reported in July that sales in China will probably continue to fall for the next two quarters, which would make it five in a row. To get back in the game, Nike is turning to marketers like Ms. San, whose petite size belies a background in rough sports like field hockey, wakeboarding and snowboarding. Ms. San -- the only woman among Nike's eight brand-connection managers worldwide -- is facing off against fierce competitors like Adidas and even fast-fashion brands like Zara and H&M. Those companies do well because Chinese tend to watch sports more than play them and view sports apparel as a fashion decision, not a functional purchase. Also, school sports facilities are underfunded in an academic environment that favors scholastics more than athletics. When sports are offered in schools, they are presented as joyless mandatory requirements. While Nike's iconic "Just Do It" tagline does resonate with Chinese, careful localization...
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...Abstract The National Football League (NFL) is considered the strongest, most lucrative, and financially resilient professional sport globally. While the NFL has been a huge success in the United States, exporting American football to other countries has not had the same success. NFL Europa was launched with the aim of introducing the sport to European countries but after facing 15 years of financial losses, the NFL Europa program ended in 2007. NFL then launched the NFL International Series—a program primarily geared to export real NFL games overseas. While the program is still young, it yields promising results. NFL has pointed out that education is the key in acquiring potential foreign markets; research studies show that most people around the globe consider American football as a complex and confusing sport. Keywords: NFL, NFL International Series, NFL Europa, foreign markets, NFL overseas games, American football Business opportunities are like buses, there’s always another one coming. -Richard Branson Introduction The NFL is the largest, highest grossing professional sports league globally, but has struggled to export American football to other countries. It has been established that educating potential fans will result in a larger global audience. The NFL is making great strides at creating a successful global brand. Global Market Entry Currently the NFL is using the NFL International Series as their course of entry into the global...
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...to stay on top of its game Overview Under Armour, was founded by Kevin Plank, in 1996, one of the major sports clothing and accessories companies in all over the world. They are a supplier of a wide range of sportswear and casual apparel mainly focusing on high technology sportswear for professional athletes. Depending on the high technological and differentiated product lines, Under Armour has dramatic growth rate from 2000 to 2007. In addition, it is supplying over 100 NCAA division 1A football program and 30 NFL team, and opened self-owned retail and outlet stores in 2007. As the result, they had 43 present of the total U.S. performance apparel business sold sporting goods stores, even higher than other two main competitors which Nike and Adidas. Under Armour has 93 percent of sale in U.S. market and 84 percent of sale on apparel; plus international markets and other product lines, it totally profit 0.61 billion in 2007. By comparing with Nike and Adidas in the same year, Nike grossed 18.6 billion and Adidas 15.6 billion. The consequence, Under Armour mostly focuses on the domestic market and apparel but neglects the international market and lack diversification on their product. Although they won the sale in domestic market and apparel in this battle, their revenue was much less than Nike’s and Adidas’s which they lose in the entire market and products in sports clothing and accessories domain. Moreover, Under Armour does not have a patent on any of the materials used...
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...scientific study of behavior and experiences of organism in relation to the environment. Sports psychology is concerned with the psychological foundations, processes, and consequences of the psychological regulation of sport-related activities of one or several persons acting as the subject of the activity. Applied sports and exercise psychology involves the idea of theory and research into the field to those individuals such as coaches, fitness professionals, and athletic trainers about psychological aspects of their sports or activity. The ultimate goal that’s trying to be reached through applied sports and exercise psychology is to facilitate optimal involvement, performance, and enjoyment in sport and exercise. Throughout this literature review I will go into detail on what is it to be a sports psychologist, and what are their major job and the benefits of this practice. Many individuals get their masters or even undergraduate degrees in sports psychology. Today many schools don’t offer this option so you can also get a master’s in clinical psychology if you want to pursue the career of a sports psychologist. By giving detailed descriptions and the goals, steps necessary to take to become a sports psychologist, athletic trainer and many other careers you can get into. I found a few scholarly articles that help explain the ultimate goal of applied sports and exercise psychology. Is applied sports and exercise psychology necessary in enhancing an athlete’s performance? Is an athlete...
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...Physician Groups: A Changing Landscape Final Report Team Four: Fearless Leaders Leading Healthcare Organizations May 10, 2015 Rachel Gutman Josh Freeman Brad Mountcastle Alicia Spitznagel I. Executive Summary Physician care is the cornerstone of patient health and could possibly be the gateway to comprehensive wellness on a national scale. Research demonstrates that a monumental shift is underway in America’s physician industry as more and more doctors are “voting with their feet” and curtailing their practices by joining larger institutions, retiring early or joining concierge medicine (Rabin, 2014). Studies show that physicians are frustrated with our current ‘value by number’ system; they argue that they are overworked due to discounted insurance payments and increasing oversight. Our research foretells two alarming trends within the US physician landscape. The first concern is that there will be a shortage in primary-care physicians as early as the year 2020 and secondly, most medical practices will be owned by a hospital or affiliated with a large network within the next ten years (Kirchoff, 2013). The former concern places population health at risk and could reduce access to care while the latter has the potential to increase overall costs and reduce competition and innovation in the health care industry. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) marks a milestone in our nation’s history; it requires every U.S. citizen to obtain medical insurance or pay...
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...However, it’s a challenge for a Chinese company, because in recent years, many of Chinese companies have being gone abroad, to exploit overseas market. Now, choose one Chinese company(for example Li Ning’s international marketing strategy) marketing consumer goods to American consumers, and you are the marketing manager responsible for American market. Please complete the tasks as following: Task 1 Analyse the concepts and process of marketing, and you are required to do these considering the company you choose. To do this, you should introduce your company briefly first. Li Ning Company Limited is one of the leading sports brand enterprises in the PRC, possessing brand marketing, research and development, design, manufacturing, distribution and retail capabilities. The Group's products mainly include footwear, apparel, equipment and accessories for sport and leisure uses under its own Li Ning brand. The Group has established an extensive supply chain management system, and a distribution and retail network in the PRC primarily through outsourcing of manufacturing operations and distribution via franchised agents. The Group also directly operates retail stores for the Li Ning brand. The Group adopts a multi-brand business development strategy. In addition to its core Li Ning brand, the Group (i) distributes sports products under its Z-DO brand via hypermarket channel; (ii) manufactures, markets, distributes and sells outdoor sports products under the French brand AIGLE...
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...Marketing Plan MEMBERSHIP DRIVEN A WINNER’S ATTITUDUE! Date: October 17, 2012 1.0 Executive Summary New York Sport Club is own and operated by Town Sports International (TSI) health club company, and is the largest in the Northeastern United States. Since 1974, the company has grown to include over 150 health and fitness facilities in four major metropolitan areas - New York, Boston, Washington, D.C. and Philadelphia with nearly half a million members. There are also three locations in Switzerland, Basel, and Zurich. All sport clubs have a multitude of options for everyone, and a wide range of group exercises and fitness programs. Select facilities also offer racquet sports, pools, basketball courts and other recreational activities. The company’s successful growth over the years is a result of many things, including its innovative fitness programs, well-trained staff, dedication to quality and service and continual facility improvement. But foremost, the New York Sports Club success has been earned by placing members satisfaction above all else. So when you have satisfied members, they get results from their fitness program, which becomes a win-win situation for all participants. 2.0 Situation Analysis Membership Driven, which consists of four project management consultants, were hired by New York Sports Club (NYSC) located in New York City on 23rd Street and Park Avenue in the Gramercy area to increase their club membership. The main goal...
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...Introduction The National Football league is America’s most popular sporting league, drawling millions of fans each year. Fans wear jerseys, hats, and other merchandise to represent their favorite player(s). However, over 70% of National Football League fans, don’t realize the battle players (and retired players) have been facing for the past 20 years. For the two last decades, players have been facing life-threating health challenges that have resulted in mental illness and even death. The National Football league failed to acknowledge these medical conditions until 2010. The argument faced is whether or not players should be allowed to file a lawsuit against the National Football League, even though players sign contracts which has a acknowledgement of the possibility of injury during gameplay and practice. In 2013, the National Football League had revenue of $9.5 billion, not including the amounts that the teams earned throughout the season. A total of 1,696 players played for 32 teams in 2014. Football is the most physical athletic sport played, in the Untied states of America. Injuries are often expected to occur to players each year. However, most players only expect to miss a few games before they return from an injury, not realizing the potential risk of long term injury. Every play on a National Football League field consists of head to head contact between some player, or with the ground. Retired National Football League players have proceeded to file a civil...
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