...discovering new data or facts are both equally important. The reliability of a data which was given no thought and left unanalysed and the possibility to prove an innovative thought without supporting it with facts and data are the issues which will be explored in the essay. I will look into the objectivity of the issue in the areas of business and science – the two topics where data and innovation are omnipresent. To discover new ways of thinking about what is already known brings innovation and might seem more important that discovering new data or facts. However, the innovative theory needs to be supported by data and facts in order to be proven and accepted. This can be best understood by a popular scientific discovery of the past – “Darwin’s Theory of Evolution.” During Darwin’s time, scientists explained physical growth (the variations a person undergoes as he matures) by the term evolution. Before Darwin, the scale of nature – considered to be the most important pattern of biodiversity - unanimously described the similarities and differences of various species; however it did not help solve the problem of genetics. The...
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...Scopes against the state law against teaching Evolution in classroom. The case drew a lot of public attention. Even though the Scopes trial failed, succeeded in getting people to ask themselves, " what should I believe". In 1859, Charles Darwin released his work" Origin of the Species" old man of human are monkeys. Major people are fundamentalist, support the Bible, they believe God created human the story of Garden of Eden. Darwin''s theory subverted the story from Bible.So his speech had problems with church of England, Evolution is a new thing for the whole society, most people thought it 's a joke, and few people really considered became whose try to defend Darwin's theory and spread the ideas of Evolution. In the late days, Darwin's speak of evolutionary adaptation through natural selection became central to modern evolutionary theory, now concept of the life sciences. In 1925, Tennessee passed a law, the Butler Act, that make illegal to teach Darwin's theory of evolution in public school. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) thought the law violated people's rights. " The 1st Amendment to the constitution protects that separation when it says. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof."(-Excerpt from Monkey on trial, War, peace and all that Jazz1918-1945 by Joy Hakim.) They came up with a plan to show their dissent through challenging the state law. They convinced a 24 years old...
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...to the theories of evolution. It is very important to compare the individual lifestyles, contributions, and beliefs of Darwin and Wallace in order to develop a clear and comprehensive understanding of their concepts of natural selection in evolution. According to Janet Browne (2010) in her biography of Darwin, she describes the similarities in the life experiences of Darwin and Wallace that led them to independently arrive at the theory of natural selection. Both Wallace and Darwin were inspired by the readings such as Charles Lyell and Thomas Malthus. Browne notes that, “Even so, the parallels between Darwin’s and Wallace’s ideas are no less remarkable for their cultural symmetry. Their similarities are further demonstrated by them sharing similar geographical exploration and travel experiences and their mutual appreciations of their marvels of nature and overwhelming desire to comprehend them…” (Browne 2010: 357). The two theorists examined the concepts of natural selection independently until its publication. By the 1958, Darwin had already developed his idea on natural selection but had not published it as he was still collecting more evidence. After his previous research had been destroyed in his journey back to England from Brazilian Amazon, Wallace resumed his research on natural selection while at Archipelago which was marked by his famous “letter to Darwin” that contained an essay discussing a theory very similar to Darwin’s. The situation was very challenging as these...
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...The evolution of the polar bear The purpose of this investigation is to inform the audiences about the potential mechanisms of Polar Bear of through their cranial morphology. Evolution is the gradual process in which the organisms become more sophisticated over time in response to the environment. Evolution by natural selection is one of the best substantiated theories in the history of science. It was first formulated in Darwin’s book “On the Origin Species” in 1859. Charles Darwin was a world renowned English naturalist and geologist who is best known for his contributions to evolutionary theory. The theory of evolution states that evolution occurs by natural selection. The process of evolution from a “Darwinism” perspective is the basic idea that all different species have evolved from simple life forms. Natural selection involves the individuals in a species which show a wide range of variation, and the genes that allow these individuals to be successful are passed to their offspring. Individuals who are poorly adapted to their environment are less likely to survive and reproduce. This means that their genes are less likely to be passed to the next generation. While the process of evolution from a “Lamarckism” perspective is completely different. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck...
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...had somewhat recovered in terms of materials. As Americans began to move into larger cities and areas, often to the Northeast, and society became more urbanized, it would seem very reasonable for new ideas to begin emerging; popping up and taking effect. And one of these specific philosophies was the idea of modernism, with things such as changes to education, and making education mandatory. The US was truly growing, arguably in a revolution, and in addition to these changes, Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution became big. As seen, the religious, specifically the fundamentalists, those who believed in the literal interpretation of the bible, extremely despised Darwin’s theory, and saw urban culture as wicked. This was shown as their hate eventually boiled into the Scopes Trial, the trial of John T. Scopes, a biology teacher charged with teaching the theory of evolution at a high school in Dayton, Tennessee, violating Tennessee’s Butler Act, which essentially prohibited the teaching of evolution in public schools. This trial garnered a lot of mainstream media attention with an informal atmosphere unlike a hearing in court, along with much of the trial involving personal attacks, deliberate and aggressive, and the brutal battles between science and religion, all signs of social discord. Therefore, the Scopes Trial revealed conflict and tension in the US during the 1920’s. The three big players in the Monkey Trial, a nickname for the Scopes Trial, were William Jennings Bryan...
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...involved a teacher on trial for delibereately teaching Darwin’s Theory of Evolution at school. In court, attended the best lawyers. Matthew Harrison Brady, a religious man, and a three time presidential candidate. While the town of Hillsboro were fond of Colonel Brady, they were petrified of Colonel Drummond’s actions. He was known for winning cases where criminals were guilty of appalling crimes. His arguments somehow led the judge to feel sympathy for the accused, and would blame society for their wrong doings. This case was challenging for Drummond, and despite him legally losing, he did not lose morally. Initially, Bertram Cates felt solitude from sitting in jail, but also because he was loathed by the people of Hillsboro. Cates felt like he was being treated like a murderer. Drummond replied to him, “You murder a wife, it isn’t nearly as bad as murdering an old wives’ tale.” Hillsboro is a town filled with religious people....
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...intend to prove throughout this reaction paper. Let’s examine physical psychology in more depth. Research has provided us with information suggesting that a person is born with certain abilities as it relates to the make-up of the brain, nerves, hormones and other physical factors. These items collectively create our psychological core of which sets limits as to how much information we can process. In other words, when we are born we’re “hard-wired” with a certain capacity to process and interpret information at some level. According to Nicolson (1998), humans are hard-wired due our drive for survival which stems from Darwin’s theory of evolution. This theory suggests that human nature, or life for that matter, all stems from the human ability to naturally evolve for survival and efficiency over the span of our existence. Aligned is the theory of natural selection which specifies that nature will automatically work to eliminate weak or mutant genes which in turn leads to the stronger, healthier and smarter...
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...example of the above statement. One look at the building and one would believe it to be the perfect example of mannerism with its architectural style and façade which breaks the norm. However the fact that its existence precedes the era of mannerism leads it to be a series of predicament. “Architecture is invention” is a statement by the brazilin architect, Oscar Niemeyer. However Darwin’s famous theory of evolution says otherwise. The theory believes that everything takes place as a process of evolution and nothing is an invention. This contradiction of ideas very well describe the thoughts of the Renaissance architects who were desperately trying to hold on to the old idea of classical styles yet wanting to break free by creating something new which ultimately led to a series of predicaments Contradicting the very idea of space and time, St.Maria Novella exists in the High Renaissance era (1480-1520) but stands as an example of an architectural style which was yet to make its mark in the years to come. It stood as an example of the mannerism era (1520-end of sixteenth century) which would be challenging the very idea of the high renaissance era by the breaking the norms and leading to a beautiful mix of contradiction making it one of the biggest predicaments. On approaching the building, one would question the origin of the architectural style which gives an impression of misguided classicism. The façade makes an attempt at classical language with its entrance, consisting of...
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...| | | | | | | | | | | | | |Chapter Summary/Lecture Organizer | I. INTRODUCING PSYCHOLOGY A. What is Psychology? - The scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Psychology values empirical evidence - information acquired by direct observation and measurement using systematic scientific methods and critical thinking – the process of objectively evaluating, comparing, analyzing, and synthesizing information. Studying psychology offers practical solutions to everyday problems and develops an appreciation for scientific methods of research, as opposed to pseudo psychologies (“false psychologies”) that pretend to discover psychological information through nonscientific methods. B. Psychology’s Goals -The four goals of psychology are: (1) Description - to describe particular ...
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...E. O. Wilson is quoted saying “Science and religion are the two most powerful forces in the world. Having them at odds is not productive.” Religion is found everywhere. Religion is defined as “a set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe” (“religion”). Everyone puts their faith and trust into something. Most people would not put the idea of religion and the genre of science fiction in the same category, but these two ideas are intertwined. In Charles Darwin’s book The Origin of Species, he stated that creation was “originally breathed [to life] by the Creator” (Connor 368). Even a well-known scientist such as Darwin included ideas of religion in his theories. Science fiction has elements within that can...
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...Change Simulation Experience “It is not the strongest of the species that survive, nor the most intelligent, but the ones most responsive to change.” - Charles Darwin Charles Darwin’s groundbreaking theory of evolution was certainly not restricted to species in the wild. Adapting to change in any corporate environment is fundamental to the success of any organization and its employees. Achieving this success depends on a key ingredient – appropriate application of change management that focuses on increasing levels of commitment to change and decreasing levels of resistance. Our group perceived the ‘Global Tech Change Simulation’ to be reflective of real life organizational change as it recreated a business scenario that needed to follow a multi-step process in a timely and sequential manner in order to have a successful outcome. There are challenging barriers to change which include acceptance, adaption and resistance, and each obstacle requires the use of change leadership and best practices to guide an organization through such a transition. Our Approach: What Worked Our group was aware of how essential it was to follow the seven-step Experience Change Model and categorized each tactic according to our analysis of where it belonged within the model – see Appendix A. We started our simulation with balanced participation through stakeholder mapping to ensure that key stakeholders in all departments understood the need for change. Stakeholder mapping allowed us...
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...the point where populations didn’t die out simply because of the immigrants. It wasn’t until the middle of the nineteenth century the people had enough of their unhygienic life-styles and called for improvement. One notable man in favor of improvement was Edwin Chadwick who, based on Jeremy Bentham’s idea of utilitarianism (the idea that people should move towards the “greatest good for the greatest number”), noticed that the sicknesses and the resulting deaths where probably one of the reasons for the horrible conditions. He suggested that the government take action and clean up the cities. Once the government stepped in the general public health improved dramatically. Certain intellectuals, such as chemist Louis Pasteur created the germ theory that said that diseases were spread through living organisms that they could control. New improved medical techniques appeared as well such as antiseptics that helped destroy deadly sickness like typhoid, typhus, and cholera leading to lower mortality rates. The society benefited greatly from these scientific advancements. What made things even better was the improvements in urban planning and new public transportation systems through electric street cars. While the gap between the rich and the poor endured,...
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...Evolution of management Through the practice of management and the continued development of commerce and wealth we are transforming our lives. In Massachusetts (USA) in the 1850s the life expectancy of a male would have been 37 years of age and a female 40: in 1929 it was 58 for a male and 61 for a female; nowadays life expectancy would be in the region 70-80 years. While appreciating the past success of ‘management’ we would also recognise that today’s accelerating pace of change is putting pressure on our organisations to be at the forefront of management thinking. If we want to maintain our standard of living our rate of change has to be comparative to the rest of the world. But our present day management thinking has evolved from a whole range of influences over an extraordinary long period of time. In his comprehensive book ‘The Evolution of Management Thought’ Daniel A Wren writes: " Within the practices of the past there are lessons of history for tomorrow in a continuous stream. We occupy but one point in this stream. The purpose .. is to present…the past as a prologue to the future." So with the aim of accelerating the development of our management practice for the future let us examine that stream of evolving management thought of the past. Our Christian past has taught that us that there was a beginning (Adam & Eve) and there will be an end (Armageddon) and in between we should hear the word of god and obey his commandments. We therefore tend to think...
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...Introduction to Philosophy Jeffrey Nall Spring 2016 MWF, 11:30 AM-12:20PM ------------------------------------------------- Masaru Sakata Philosophy Journal philosophy journal Reflection To begin with, upon choosing this class, my expectations was to just get by, finish my last general education requirement class, and possibly learn a thing or two about philosophy. in fact, when i first entered the class, i was already thinking to myself what’s even the point for this class. but, the moment professor nall spoke, i knew i was in for a ride. throughout my time on the course, i did develop new insights about myself. when you describe a journey, you describe obstacles an individual faces in it. in this class, i actually faced several of those. obviously they are not of no means physical, but i questioned a lot of the different things i believe in, including my religion. there was actually a time this semester where i actually questioned if god did exist during the time between the arguments of an existence of a creator to the topic about the different types of evil. furthermore, after different events that have happened outside of class and actually learning about the information in class, i personally believe my thinking developed in a way that makes me critically think about everything i decide to believe in and not just follow it like a robot. To clarify, I am still a roman catholic and i think my faith actually strengthened because of this class. additionally, i...
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...colonizing different African states. During this time, many explorers ventured into the forests where they came into contact with the Pygmies. Nonetheless, explorers were unable to keep up contact with the Pygmies in order to provide any detailed accounts of their appearance, lifestyle and interactions. It was not until Schweinfurth’s reveal that multiple ethnographers such as Colin Turnbull became involved with learning further about these unexplored people and African rainforests (Frankland 2001). Since their discovery, Pygmies have played an unconscious role of developing racial hierarchies because it is believed that their existence has helped provide the link in Darwin’s theory of evolution. The domineering West felt strongly about incorporating the Pygmies in the center of its dogma of physical evolution by creating and using the image of the exotic other (Kidd 2009)....
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