...The Iron Curtain The iron curtain was the name given to the Cold War confrontation in 1945-1989 which was between the two superpowers USA and the Soviet Union. A direct military confrontation between the two superpowers did not exist, but bitter economic, diplomatic and ideological struggles formed the basis of the confrontation. As far back as 1917 the Soviet Union was established when following outright hostility in Russia, the Communists took power, and the capitalist countries of the West declared ideological war. Between 1918 and 1920, the US intervened in the Soviet Union with about 10 000 soldiers and refused to accept the new state until recognition in 1993. During WW2, the two countries fought together against Germany, but as early as 1944, the first cracks were revealed. The Allies, led by the United States under Roosevelt failed to make agreements with the Soviet Union, who had nevertheless borne the brunt of the war, Post-war order was already becoming established in Europe. The Soviet Union sought in their interpretation of the 'Yalta Conference' to assert their legitimate security interests without consulting its allies. While US President Roosevelt had co-operated with the Soviet Union, his successor Truman, a strict anti-Soviet, put American an anti-Communist cause against the now soviet, Truman based his confidence on American economic superiority and, since 1945, on her nuclear monopoly. Truman`s concept was a free, united Europe and a free world under American...
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...Cold War Ideology and Policies Robert Quesada Axia College University of Phoenix HIS/212 July 11, 2010 After World War II, the two new super powers were the United States and the Soviet Union, both becoming mortal enemies. This power was not so equal though, as the United States had a booming economy and much of the Soviet Union lay in ruins. It was evident that the United States and the Soviet Union were in a struggle for power, which became known as the Cold War. The United States held control of the oil fields in the Middle East, along with the French and British, making a strong presence in the Middle East. With all this tension between the U.S. and the Soviet Union the cold war was in full escalation. Stalin’s announcement that the Soviet Union would take all measure to preserve its national security and that a war was inevitable. He also announced a five year plan for economic development. The Americans took this as a threat and said his speech was a warlike pronouncement. President Truman stated “he was tired of babying the Soviets”. It was determined that the Soviets were a threat to not only the United States, but many European countries. This prompted a plan to apply diplomatic, economic, military counter pressure and blocking rising aggression. After a sever winter in Europe and the post war depression, Great Britain decided it could no longer support Greece and Turkey. Without this aid these two countries could fall victim to the Soviets. President...
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...En 1320 Week 10 Project Part 4 11/26/12 During the early 1960’s politicians and activists alike were on the front battlegrounds, not for oil or territory, but for Civil Rights. The Civil Rights movement nearly tore this great country apart at a time when war at home was matched with the possibility of a greater war abroad. The Cold war was one of the single most threatening times in history, tension on nearly all sides could have led to the destruction of much of what we know. I cannot imagine the stress everyone must have had to live during that time. It must have been a brutally ugly and scary time to live in. I think about the recent elections and the problems we face today, they seem so trivial compared to what happened during this time in history. The American people must have been concerned with the state of their country and the seemingly never-ending possibilities of yet another devastating war. However, they were optimistic about the young president they had elected a few months earlier to lead their country. John Fitzgerald Kennedy was sworn into office on January 20, 1961 at the age of 43. John F Kennedy promised to unite the people in a way never done before. He wanted to start fresh, wipe the slate clean, and focus on building instead of tearing apart. His inaugural address to the American citizens that morning gave the people a sense of comfort and confidence in their young leader that was desperately needed. It was not, however, an easy era to give...
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...1. Discuss when, why and how the Cold War began. Then cite at least one factor that perpetuated the Cold War in each decade from the 1950s-1980s and discuss how the item you selected affected America at home as well. Last, discuss when and why the Cold War ended. 2. Discuss the origins of the Vietnam War, the course of the war over thirty years in the 1940s, and wars' impact on the United States, both at home and in terms of foreign policy. 3. Write an essay on the civil rights movement since 1953 in which you discuss the major factors that have contributed to its success and its major gains. Be sure to discuss more than one group and to cite examples from each decade of the 1950s through the 1990s. 4. Discuss the reasons for America's economic growth or decline in each decade from the 1950s through the 1990s. Then explain how various presidents have dealt with economic problems and why they succeeded or failed. 5. Write an essay about the impact of television on the history of the United States over the past fifty years in which you describe in detail at least one historical event of national importance from each decade of the 1950s - 1990s that was affected by TV. Civil Right: The WWII can be recognized at the origin of the period when United States started it political and economical dominant compare to other nations. WWII reshaped Americans’ understanding of themselves as a people. The struggle against Nazi tyranny and its theory of a master race discredited...
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...Origins of the Cold War Author(s): Arthur Schlesinger Jr. Source: Foreign Affairs, Vol. 46, No. 1 (Oct., 1967), pp. 22-52 Published by: Council on Foreign Relations Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20039280 . Accessed: 21/08/2013 03:57 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . Council on Foreign Relations is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Foreign Affairs. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 27.254.22.254 on Wed, 21 Aug 2013 03:57:18 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION?FIFTY YEARS AFTER ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR By Arthur THE Cold War Schlesinger, Jr. in its original form was a presumably mortal antagonism, arising in the wake of the Second World War, between two rigidly hostile blocs, one led by the Soviet the other by the United States. For nearly two somber Union, and dangerous decades this antagonism the fears of dominated itmay even, on occasion, have come close to blowing up mankind; the planet. In recent...
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...Reagan Revolution Through President Obama The collapse of the Soviet Union was a major turning point in world history. The primary causes were political and economic and they were the result of the culture of war. “The Soviet Union was first reformed, then transformed, and then disintegrated all within the space of six-and-a-half years. It had ceased to be a communist system in any meaningful sense from the time of the state-wide contested elections of the spring of 1989. Inside the Communist Party, vigorous public debate had replaced 'democratic centralism'. Moreover, the basic principle of the party's 'leading role' within the political system and society was being challenged from all sides as new political organizations sprang up. In March 1990 the Communist Party's monopoly of power was removed from the Soviet Constitution, formal recognition of what had been the reality on the ground for the past year.” (Brown, 2011). “With the dissolution of the Soviet Union, several small brutal wars emerged as people fought for control of their now-independent nations. With the Soviet Union no longer serving as watchful overlord, several nationalist movements clashed in civil wars throughout central and eastern Europe.” (Schultz, p. 494). The change in foreign policy for western countries, especially America was massive. The collapse of the USSR was probably the biggest event in the second half of the 20th century and political change from it was inevitable. Its impact on western...
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...Washingtonpost.Newsweek Interactive, LLC Asia's Different Standard Author(s): Bilahari Kausikan Reviewed work(s): Source: Foreign Policy, No. 92 (Autumn, 1993), pp. 24-41 Published by: Washingtonpost.Newsweek Interactive, LLC Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1149143 . Accessed: 26/01/2012 05:56 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Washingtonpost.Newsweek Interactive, LLC is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Foreign Policy. http://www.jstor.org ASIA'S DIFFERENT STANDARD by BilahariKausikan East and SoutheastAsia must respond to a new phenomenon: Humanrightshavebecome a legitimateissue in interstate relations. How a treatsits citizensis no longera matter country for its own exclusive determination. Otherscan claim a concern.There is and do legitimately an emerging global culture of human rights, and a body of international law on human has gradually developed,codifiedin the rights the UnitedNationsCharter, Universal Declaration of Human Rights,and other international...
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...Ass The Assignation of JFK and the Conspiracy Theory Jayme Jackson DeVry University Contemporary History HIST410 Professor Lisa Jones December 14, 2013 The Assignation of JFK and the Conspiracy Theory November 22, 1963 was an unforgettable day in American history. On this day the thirty-fifth President of the United States, John F. Kennedy (JFK), was assassinated in Dallas, Texas while he rode in an open limousine with Texas Governor John Conally (Wicker, 1963). He received fatal head wounds caused by one of the bullets from the shooting. Lee Harvey Oswald (Oswald), the only person ever formally accused of the assassination, ran away from the Texas Book Depository where he worked, and was stopped for questioning by a police official. At which time, Oswald killed the officer with a revolver he had hidden (Wicker, 1963). Oswald fled to the Texas Theater and within a short time period he was apprehended by the police and brought into a police station (Wicker, 1963). Although Lee Harvey Oswald was accused of the crime, he was murdered by Jack Ruby and never prosecuted for the assassination. Since the tragic events that occurred in November of 1963, there have been many theories that the murder of President John F. Kennedy was done as part of a conspiracy. As this year of 2013 it has been fifty years since the events and people are still mystified with the assassination of JFK and the possible conspiracy theories. An important fact that Americans and people worldwide...
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...finally draft a ceasefire, between those times, blood was shed on both sides as they sought to gain the best footing once the war ended. The Armistice was signed on July 27, 1953. Though the armistice was signed, the countries still have animosity towards one another and break the rules of the armistice against one another. (Lerner, 2013) Since then the countries continue to be at war with one another, often on a psychological level, and sometimes having exchanged fire between them. (Song, 2010) Both countries hope to once again reunite, just as they did before the war began. Bibliography: Hickey, M. (2011, March 21). The Korean War: An Overview. Retrieved December 1, 2014, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/coldwar/korea_hickey_01.shtml Hickman, K. (n.d.). The Frozen Chosin: Battle of Chosin Reservoir. Retrieved December 1, 2014, from http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/battleswars1900s/p/chosin.htm Korean War 60th Anniversary. (2013). Retrieved December 1, 2014, from http://koreanwar60.com/ Lerner, M. (2013, June 4). New Romanian Evidence on the Blue House Raid and the USS Pueblo Incident | Wilson Center. Retrieved December 1, 2014, from http://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/new-romanian-evidence-the-blue-house-raid- and-the-uss-pueblo-incident Marino, J. (2006, June 12). Korean War: Battle on Pork Chop Hill. Retrieved December 1, 2014, from http://www.historynet.com/korean-war-battle-on-pork-chop-hill.htm Rose, P. (2008, June 27). Two Strategic...
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...Cambridge Five Creation and Operations Introduction “Cambridge Five” or “Magnificent Five” is the name given to a group of five young men whom all graduated from Cambridge University. They betrayed their country by spying for the Soviet Union and passing them secret information. They were probably the most successful Soviet spies to penetrate the western intelligence. Their actions allow the Soviet Union to get access to vital intelligence and created rift between the British and the Americans. This essay will look at the background of each member and how they joined the Soviet intelligence services, their operations and its impact in the world of espionage. In addition, this essay will evaluate the significance of each individual’s actions and how it affected intelligence services. Origin of Cambridge Five Cambridge Five refers to a spy ring which the members were all part of Cambridge University. It is unclear there were more than five men, regardless the five individuals are Guy Burgess, Donald Maclean, Kim Philby, Anthony Blunt and John Cairncross. They all attended Cambridge University between 1926 and 1934 studying in different disciplines with a strong belief in Communism. They were all good friends with each other with the exception of Cairncross who was never really part of the circle. The first of the Cambridge Five group and probably the most famous was Harold Adrian Russell Philby, also known as Kim codenamed Sohnchen, then Tom and Stanley. He was born...
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...The Cuban Missile Crisis: Reading the Lessons Correctly Author(s): Richard Ned Lebow Source: Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 98, No. 3 (Autumn, 1983), pp. 431-458 Published by: The Academy of Political Science Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2150497 Accessed: 10/11/2008 23:45 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=aps. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. The Academy of Political Science is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve...
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...The Cuban Missile Crisis: Reading the Lessons Correctly Author(s): Richard Ned Lebow Source: Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 98, No. 3 (Autumn, 1983), pp. 431-458 Published by: The Academy of Political Science Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2150497 Accessed: 10/11/2008 23:45 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=aps. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. The Academy of Political Science is collaborating with JSTOR to...
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...Employers, job seekers, and puzzle lovers everywhere delight in William Poundstone's HOW WOULD YOU MOVE MOUNT FUJI? "Combines how-to with be-smart for an audience of job seekers, interviewers, Wired-style cognitive science hobbyists, and the onlooking curious. . . . How Would You Move Mount Fuji? gallops down entertaining sidepaths about the history of intelligence testing, the origins of Silicon Valley, and the brain-jockey heroics of Microsoft culture." — Michael Erard, Austin Chronicle "A charming Trojan Horse of a book While this slim book is ostensibly a guide to cracking the cult of the puzzle in Microsoft's hiring practices, Poundstone manages to sneak in a wealth of material on the crucial issue of how to hire in today's knowledge-based economy. How Would You Move Mount Fuji? delivers on the promise of revealing the tricks to Microsoft's notorious hiring challenges. But, more important, Poundstone, an accomplished science journalist, shows how puzzles can — and cannot — identify the potential stars of a competitive company.... Poundstone gives smart advice to candidates on how to 'pass' the puzzle game.... Of course, let's not forget the real fun of the book: the puzzles themselves." — Tom Ehrenfeld, Boston Globe "A dead-serious book about recruiting practices and abstract reasoning — presented as a puzzle game.... Very, very valuable to some job applicants — the concepts being more important than the answers. It would have usefulness as well to interviewers with...
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...In Other Words This book addresses the need for a systematic approach to the training of translators and provides an explicit syllabus which reflects some of the main intricacies involved in rendering a text from one language into another. It explores the relevance of some of the key areas of modern linguistic theory and illustrates how an understanding of these key areas can guide and inform at least some of the decisions that translators have to make. It draws on insights from current research in such areas as lexical studies, text linguistics and pragmatics to maintain a constant link between language, translation, and the social and cultural environment in which both language and translation operate. In Other Words examines various areas of language, ranging from the meaning of single words and expressions to grammatical categories and cultural contexts. Firmly grounded in modern linguistic theory, the book starts at a simple level and grows in complexity by widening its focus gradually. The author explains with clarity and precision the concepts and theoretical positions explored within each chapter and relates these to authentic examples of translated texts in a variety of languages, although a knowledge of English is all that is required to understand the examples presented. Each chapter ends with a series of practical exercises which provide the translator with an opportunity to test the relevance of the issues discussed. This combination of theoretical discussion and...
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